Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Fluorosis and Association with Periodontal Health in an Endemic Region in Central India: A Community based Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Devashish Marskoley, Trina Sengupta, Saurav Basu","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_341_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_341_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental fluorosis represents a significant public health concern in some communities of India. The groundwater of Rajgarh block, Madhya Pradesh, is considered fluoride-endemic as fluoride concentrations consistently exceed the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended limit of 1.5 ppm for drinking water. While the effect of fluoride on teeth is well known, information is scarce on its effect on the surrounding periodontal structures. The study objective was to assess the prevalence and severity of fluorosis and its association with periodontal health status among individuals residing in rural areas of Rajgarh block, Madhya Pradesh.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 246 participants, aged between 30 and 49 years, who reported consuming untreated water from the ground, and were continuous residents of the fluoride-endemic villages of Rajgarh. Assessment of dental fluorosis was done by Dean's fluorosis index, and periodontal status by standard WHO guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 246 participants (mean age: 38 ± 5.79 years) were included, of whom 34.1% had non-healthy periodontium. Dental fluorosis (mild to severe) was present in 26.0% of participants. On adjusted analysis, individuals with dental fluorosis had significantly higher odds of non-healthy periodontal status (aOR: 2.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.62-5.12), indicating independent association. Increasing age (40-49 years) and daily tobacco use were significantly associated with poorer periodontal health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dental fluorosis remains a major public health challenge in endemic regions, affecting nearly one in four adults aged 30-49 years, with a higher burden among males, smokers, and alcohol users, and a significant association with poorer periodontal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"694-700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Medical Students' Perceptions of Empathy Training in The Indian Attitude, Ethics, and Communication Curriculum: An Exploratory Qualitative Descriptive Survey.","authors":"Shruti Singh, S Kirubakaran, Prashant Kumar Singh, Riya Ranjith Vaidyar, Kye Mon Min Swe, Punit Patel, Dheerendra Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_674_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_674_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Empathy is widely recognized as a core component of patient-centered care and an important professional competency for medical graduates. In India, the attitude, ethics, and communication (AETCOM) module was introduced within the competency-based MBBS curriculum to foster empathy, communication skills, and professionalism. However, limited qualitative evidence exists regarding students' experiences of empathy-focused teaching within this curriculum. This study explored medical students' perceptions and experiences of empathy-focused AETCOM sessions and their views regarding the teachability of empathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory qualitative descriptive survey was conducted among second-year MBBS students at a tertiary-care medical institute in June 2025. An anonymous online survey containing a single open-ended question-\"What are your perceptions and experiences regarding the AETCOM classes focused on empathy?\"-was administered following informed consent. Seventy-five students submitted written responses. Responses were reviewed independently by two researchers and organized into descriptive categories representing common patterns in participants' experiences and perceptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four broad categories were identified. Students generally perceived role-plays, simulations, patient narratives, and faculty experiences as valuable learning approaches. Participants described increased awareness of active listening, patient-centered communication, and patients' emotional concerns. Suggested improvements included greater use of interactive and practice-oriented teaching methods, shorter sessions, and incorporation of emotional resilience and self-care training. A small minority of students expressed reservations regarding the impact of empathy teaching and viewed empathy primarily as an innate personal attribute.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Students generally viewed empathy-focused AETCOM sessions positively, particularly when delivered through interactive and experiential approaches. The findings suggest that learner feedback may help inform the ongoing refinement of empathy-focused teaching within undergraduate medical education.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"740-744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World Health Day 2026-\"Together for Health. Stand with Science\": Reinforcing the One Health Paradigm through Community-level Action in India.","authors":"H S Siddalingaiah","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_227_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_227_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"761-762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Millet Consumption Patterns, Perceptions, and Barriers among Non-Communicable Disease Patients in an Urban Resettlement Colony of Delhi: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Gurmeet Kaur, Garima Singh, Shubham Kansal, Anita S Acharya, Jyoti Khandekar, Radhika Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_109_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_109_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The year 2023 was celebrated as the International Year of Millet, which aims to promote the production and consumption of millet. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of millet on chronic conditions. This study aimed to assess patients' perceptions of millet consumption among those with chronic conditions.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A mixed-method study was conducted among patients attending a noncommunicable disease clinic at the Urban Health Centre, Kalyanpuri, aged 30 years and above. A total of 369 participants were included. These participants were also asked for in-depth details for qualitative analysis. A pan-India consumer survey was applied to participants to assess their millet consumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Almost three-fourths of the participants (271/374, 73.4%) recognized any form of millet shown. Half of the participants (47.9%) consume some form of millet every couple of years, while only 15.4% consume it at least once a week. Based on in-depth interviews, five themes were identified: consumption issues, the effects of consuming millets, health-related problems, limited knowledge, and political will. Barriers to millet consumption included procurement and storage issues, high cost, unpalatability, seasonal preference, limited knowledge of millets, and post-consumption digestive issues. Facilitators identified were benefits for patients with diabetes, obesity, high energy content, and assistance in weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Awareness of millet consumption was high, but actual intake was low. Challenges such as procurement, health concerns, lack of knowledge, and political challenges are interconnected barriers. Addressing these through targeted educational initiatives, supportive policies, and better market access could significantly boost millet's role as a staple food in diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"631-642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Poor Sleep Quality among Undergraduate College Students in Karnal, Haryana, India.","authors":"Manju Rani, Nitika Sharma, Harpreet Kaur, Rajesh Garg","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_665_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_665_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep is essential for physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of poor sleep quality among undergraduate students in a city in Haryana.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 randomly selected undergraduate students in medical, paramedical, and other graduate colleges. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). A Google form questionnaire containing demographic details of students, PSQI, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was shared with students. Pearson's Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 541 respondents, 65.4% had poor sleep quality (PSQI >5). On multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, the odds of poor sleep quality were approximately two times in students from urban family backgrounds and who lacked moderate to vigorous physical activity, as compared to their reference group, respectively. The odds ratio of poor sleep quality was 2.7 times among those who were dissatisfied with their academic performance than those who were satisfied. The odds of poor sleep quality increased by 23% for every one-hour increase in duration of non-academic screen use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately two-thirds of undergraduate college students in Karnal city, Haryana, had poor sleep quality. Urban family background, physical inactivity, dissatisfaction with academic performance, and increased screen use for non-academic purposes were significant predictors of poor sleep quality. Interventions promoting physical activity, healthy screen-use practices, and student well-being may help improve sleep quality among undergraduate students.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"649-656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TAK-003 Dengue Vaccine Safety: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.","authors":"Rajesh Kumar, Shruti Singh, Vikas Maharshi","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_882_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_882_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue remains a growing global health threat with no specific antiviral treatment available. TAK-003, a tetravalent live-attenuated vaccine, offers a promising preventive option, particularly for seronegative individuals, necessitating a comprehensive safety evaluation to inform public health strategies.Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching various indexes and registries up to May 31, 2025. Phase 1-3 RCTs comparing TAK-003 with placebo or control vaccines were included. Pooled risk ratios (RRs or odds ratios (ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs were calculated; heterogeneity and subgroup analyses were performed. Eighteen clinical trials were included in the systematic review, and 11 clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference emerged in serious adverse events (SAEs (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.55-1.50 or mortality (RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.04-3.92 between TAK-003 and placebo. Local solicited adverse events-especially injection-site pain and redness-were significantly higher with TAK-003 after the first dose (OR: 5.24, 95% CI: 1.02- 27.02. Systemic adverse events like headache and myalgia were also slightly higher in the TAK-003 group after the first dose (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10-1.99 but not after the second. Unsolicited adverse events and pregnancy outcomes were comparable, revealing no new safety concerns. TAK-003 shows an acceptable safety profile, with no rise in SAEs or mortality. Although local and mild systemic reactions were more common, they were brief and tolerable, supporting an acceptable safety profile within the available randomized clinical trial evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"619-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B among Food Handlers in Kozhikode.","authors":"Jayakrishnan Thayyil, Saniya K Salim, Sruthikrishna Punathukandi, Anupama Arumadi","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_264_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_264_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis B remains a significant public health concern, particularly among occupational groups at risk of exposure. Food handlers are a crucial population to consider when assessing hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence in public health surveillance due to their frequent interaction with the community.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the HBV seroprevalence and associated factors among food handlers in Kozhikode.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage sampling. Food handlers from various food establishments in three blocks of Kozhikode district were included. A total of 1,145 participants were recruited. Data were collected by interview using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Results are expressed as proportions and means with standard deviations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,145 participants, the majority were males, 77% of the participants were from Kerala. Injury was present in 2.2% of participants. HBV seroprevalence was 0.6% among food handlers. All positive participants were aged 31-45 years, 85.7% were male, and 43% were involved in cooking. However, all were asymptomatic and unaware of the infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With a 0.6% HBV seroprevalence among food handlers, the public health implications are significant. A comprehensive health and safety package tailored for food handlers is essential to mitigate risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"745-749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cold Chain Infrastructure and Vaccine Logistics Before and After eVIN Implementation at Cold Chain Points in Indore District: An Observational Study (2014-2021).","authors":"Sana Afrin, Satish Saroshe, Dolly Mantri, Shivam Dixit","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_444_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_444_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN) was introduced in India to strengthen vaccine logistics through digitization and real-time stock and temperature monitoring. The present study assessed the cold chain infrastructure and vaccine logistics before and after eVIN implementation at cold chain points (CCPs) in Indore district.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A pre-post observational study was conducted at all functional CCPs of Indore district. Post-eVIN assessment (2020-2021) included 40 CCPs, while pre-eVIN data (2014-2015) from 36 CCPs were obtained from program records. A census approach was used. Data were collected using standardized supportive supervision checklists and secondary databases. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and expressed as frequencies and percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher compliance was observed in various cold chain parameters in post-eVIN period. Most cold chain equipment were functional during assessment. Availability of functional power back-up increased from 22.2% to 72.5%. CCPs maintaining updated stock and distribution registers increased from 72.2% to 100%. The presence of functional thermometers increased from 83.3% to 90%. Real-time web-based documentation was implemented at all CCPs post-eVIN. Adequate infrastructure and compliance with vaccine storage norms were observed at most facilities. However, gaps persisted in stabilizer availability, ice-pack conditioning practices, and vaccine transport logistics, with no CCP having a dedicated vaccine van or trained driver.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Better compliance in cold chain infrastructure, vaccine logistics, and documentation practices was observed after eVIN implementation. However, gaps in stabilizer availability, ice-pack conditioning, and vaccine transport logistics require targeted programmatic action to sustain improvements in routine immunization services.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"680-685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Dependency among Elderly Patients Attending Outpatient department at Tertiary Care Center in a Hilly State of Northern India: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Mahendra Singh, Rohit Katre, Bela Goyal, Surekha Kishore, Pradeep Aggarwal, Arvind Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_878_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_878_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India being a developing country has been estimated to have increasing share of elderly population representing a growing burden for providing adequate health care services to cater the growing demand of healthcare services in this age group. Activities of daily living (ADL) dependency among elderly patients provide an opportunity to assess various socio-demographic factors and their association with ADL. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADL dependency using the Modified Barthel Index and to assess socio-demographic factors associated with ADL dependency among elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 elderly patients attending Family Medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care center in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, a hilly region of northern India. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire, along with functional assessment using ADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and other relevant evaluations. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with ADL dependency and <i>P</i> value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of ADL dependency based on Modified Barthel index was found to be 30.6% with higher proportion of female patients (33.9%) being dependent as compared to male patients (27%). On logistic regression analysis, higher age, illiteracy and living without partner were found to be significant predictors of dependency (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found a higher burden of ADL dependency among elderly patients attending outpatient clinic. Socio-demographic factors were found to be important determinants affecting functional status.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"643-648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decade of Risk: Predicting Ten-year Cardiovascular Disease Events (Stroke/myocardial Infarction) in Hypertensive Patients at a Tertiary Care Institute in Jharkhand.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya, Manuj Kumar Sarkar, Manish Goyal, Vanisree Ramanathan, Abha Kumari, Soumi Kundu, Alok Singh, G Jahnavi","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_191_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_191_25","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) disproportionately impact low- and middle-income countries. In India, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) lead in mortality and disability, driven by tobacco use, poor diet, and inactivity. Large-scale prevention remains limited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to identify CVD risk factors and estimate the 10-year risk of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) among hypertensive patients attending the Medicine outpatient department (OPD) at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Deoghar, India.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medicine OPD of AIIMS Deoghar, Jharkhand, from February to June 2024, including 365 hypertensive patients aged ≥30 years selected through purposive sampling. Eligibility criteria and recruitment procedures were predefined. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Blood pressure was measured using a calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer under standard conditions, and laboratory investigations (random blood sugar [RBS] and lipid profile) were performed as per hospital protocols. The primary outcome was the 10-year CVD risk estimated using QRISK 3, with relevant variables systematically recorded. The 10-year CVD risk was estimated using the QRISK3, a validated risk prediction tool originally developed in the United Kingdom. It calculates individual risk of developing CVD (including MI and stroke) based on multiple variables such as age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, and comorbid conditions (e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and rheumatoid arthritis). The algorithm provides an absolute 10-year risk percentage to guide cardiovascular risk stratification and preventive decision-making. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD and categorical variables as proportions. Associations were assessed using Chi-square and Pearson's correlation. A &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Bias was minimized through standardized measurements and predefined criteria. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) and Institutional Review Committee (IRC), AIIMS Deoghar, and written informed consent was taken from all participants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study included 57.8% male and 42.2% female participants. Smoking prevalence was high (88.8%), and 22.7% of participants had diabetes. Uncontrolled hypertension was present in 21.6%, with 20.8% receiving treatment. The mean 10-year QRISK3 score was 11.67 (SD = 11.16), with a relative risk mean of 1.53 (SD = 1.01). The mean QRISK3 Healthy Heart Age was 58.68 years (SD = 12.44), indicating a substantial deviation from optimal cardiovascular health. Correlation analysis revealed significant associatio","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"726-732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}