Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Agrawal and Shah Modified Cast Index - A Novel Index Assessing Prevalence of Dental Caries and Treatment Needs of the Adult Indian Population.","authors":"Vineet Agrawal, Nimisha Shah","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_878_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_878_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agrawal and Shah modified CAST (Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment) is the novel index prepared specifically for the Indian population for the complete evaluation of the spectrum/range of dental caries described hierarchically.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs in an adult Indian population using Agrawal and Shah modified CAST index.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional transverse study was performed on 2000 adult patients in the age range of 19-70 years. All the adult patients were scored for caries presence by Agrawal and Shah modified CAST codes on a structured proforma. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of dental caries calculated using Agrawal and Shah modified CAST index was 85.6%. 5.2% (104) adults had sound dentition, 4.1% (82) adults had restorations, 2.1% (42) adults had non-cavitated lesions, 13.7% (274) adults had the presence of caries in the enamel, 19% (380) adults had the presence of caries in dentine, and pulpal involvement was observed in 27.7% (554) adults. 10.3% (206) adults had presented with a root surface and cervical caries. 13.6% (272) adults had lost at least one tooth due to caries, and 3% (60) adults had lost teeth due to any other reason except dental caries. 1.3% (26) adult patients do not show any caries-related diagnosis but were having predisposing conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Agrawal and Shah modified CAST index proved to be simple, useful, and appropriate in assessing dental caries prevalence in the Indian population along with the treatment needs of the Indian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"349-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-care for Health for All - An Utopian Vision or a Pragmatic Plan?","authors":"M Swathi Shenoy, Abhiruchi Galhotra","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_238_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_238_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) identified the importance of self-care interventions in achieving Universal Health Coverage in 2019. It urges every country to include self-care interventions in their policies and guidelines. To guide the countries in this process, it released guidelines in 2019 and revised them in 2022. However, implementation of new interventions is not a path free of thorns. These guidelines have their own set of strengths and limitations that will differ from country to country.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"253-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Associated Factors among People Living with HIV/AIDS in India.","authors":"Manikandanesan Sakthivel, Venkatachalam Jayaseelan, Palanivel Chinnakali, Abdoul Hamide, Gayathri Surendran, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_583_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_583_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low- and middle-income countries face the dual problem of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) are also at risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, we did this study to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) among PLHIV and to find the factors associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a cross-sectional analytical study among all adults aged ≥18 years registered at a facility-integrated anti-retroviral therapy center in Puducherry, India, from September 2016 to February 2018. After obtaining informed consent, we interviewed the participants to assess physical activity, alcohol, and tobacco use. We measured weight, height, abdominal circumference, and blood pressure, with biochemical investigations such as blood glucose and lipid profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 316 adults PLHIV studied, the most common cardiovascular risk factor found was dyslipidemia (82.7%), followed by inadequate physical activity (74.4%). Other behavioral risk factors studied, such as current tobacco use and current alcohol use, showed a prevalence of 12.8% and 5.4%, respectively, among male participants. The prevalence of hypertension among adult PLHIV studied was 15.8%, and diabetes was 12.3%. In the multivariate analysis, diabetes, and hypertension were significantly associated with age and literacy. Obesity was found to be associated with diabetes and abdominal obesity with dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dyslipidemia was the most common cardiovascular risk factor, followed by inadequate physical inactivity among PLHIV. Regular screening with blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile, and timely cross-referrals can help in the early detection of CVRF among PLHIV and hence improve their quality of life through appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"308-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Position Statement between Indian Association of Palliative Care and Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine - A Collaborative Effort to Expand Primary Palliative Care throughout the Country.","authors":"Shrikant Atreya, Purushottam Giri","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_572_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_572_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"452-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cine Medicine in Indian Scenario: A SWOT Analysis.","authors":"Medha Mathur, Navgeet Mathur, Anjana Mathur, Nitika Keshri, Dewesh Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_499_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_499_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cinema has the ability to convey important messages in an engaging and interesting manner. Cine medicine also known as cinema medicine or Cinemeducation has the potential to teach medical students and healthcare professionals about various aspects of medical conditions and illnesses. It is an innovative approach that can enhance empathy among the students and understanding toward patients with various medical conditions. Indian cinema has played a significant role in promoting health awareness and educating people about various medical conditions. Cinemeducation/Cine medicine can be instrumental in inculcating ethics and professionalism among budding clinicians. Of late, medical educationists have understood its importance and have introduced this innovative method in teaching not only medical humanities but medicine <i>per se</i>. This article aims to summarize the strengths, weaknesses opportunities, and threats analysis of the cine medicine along with reviews of Indian cinema for emphasizing the medical condition depicted in these cinemas/movies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"255-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Disorders among Children and Associated Parental Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pediatric OPD of Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal.","authors":"Anisha Sarkar, Sk Moshihur Rahaman, Dilip K Das, Niladri Banerjee","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_49_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_49_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identification of mental health disorders during childhood is crucial for healthy 'adult roles' in the society, so this study aimed to estimate the magnitude of 'any mental health disorder' and to find out its correlates among children attending the pediatric out-patient department (OPD) of a medical college in West Bengal and to estimate parental stress among their parents.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>It was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in the pediatric OPD of Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, during July-December, 2021. The calculated size of 288 children aged between 4 and 12 years and attending with either of their parents was selected through systematic random sampling. One of their parents (preferably mother) was interviewed using a schedule, containing a pre-validated pediatric symptom checklist and parental stress scale. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data were analyzed using SPSS-v23.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the children was 7 years (5-8 y.). The majority of them were male (57.6%), lived in urban areas (59.0%), and lived in joint families (57.6%). One-fifth (20.5%) of the children were found to have any mental health disorder (AMHD). Living in an urban area (aOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-5.7), belonging to a nuclear family (aOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.7-8.1), and belonging to a family with social problems (aOR = 7.8, 95% CI: 2.3-27.2) were significant correlates of AMHD. Parental stress [median: 60 (55-63)] was found significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.001) among parents of children with AMHD as compared to the parents of others.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The magnitude of AMHD was high in this study, indicating toward the necessity of implementing opportunistic screening and appropriate public health action.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"417-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Consumption of Tobacco amongst the Khasi Indigenous People in Northeast India.","authors":"Roumi Deb, Soni Kumari, Meenakshi Mohan, Melbaraine Shangplia, Ratika Samtani, W B Langstieh","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_924_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_924_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco use in any form is a major public health concern. It accounts for nearly 1.35 million deaths every year. Many chronic illnesses occur due to the consumption of tobacco, either smoke or smokeless form. The study aims to explore how smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption are distributed across a range of demographic and socioeconomic markers among Khasi indigenous people in Northeast India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>It is a case-control study conducted in adults over 31 years of age. The study was carried out between June 2020 and August 2021. An Independent <i>t</i>-test was performed to determine the significant difference in age between smoking/smokeless tobacco users and non-tobacco users. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the significant predictors affecting the use of smoking/smokeless tobacco in the respondents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 505 respondents were included in the present study. There was a high statistically significant difference in the income level of tobacco and non-tobacco users (<i>P</i> value- 0.002). In Univariate analysis, it was found that the odds of consuming both forms of tobacco were significantly lower in the respondents aged between 51-60 (OR = 0.61, <i>P</i> value = 0.0453). The participants who studied till graduation and above had lower odds of both using forms of tobacco as compared to respondents who were illiterate/primary educated only (OR = 0.85, <i>P</i> value = 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption are still widely prevalent in this region and strongly associated with age, gender, level of education, and place of residence. There is a need for further detailed analysis to identify risk factors that are strongly associated with the use of smoke and smokeless tobacco so that the community will be conscious about the hazardous effects of tobacco use in any form.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"380-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Efficacy of Sotagliflozin on Heart and Kidney Health in Diabetic Patients: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Greeshma S S Nayudu, Binit M Benny, Grace Thomas, Maria A Khan, Roopa S Basutkar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_210_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_210_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence for reducing cardiovascular and renal events with sotagliflozin is uncertain among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. To gather more evidence, this meta-analysis assesses the beneficial effects of sotagliflozin, a dual sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 and 2 inhibitor, in reducing the cardiovascular and renal events in diabetic patients with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and PubMed were the databases used to search. The studies published from January 1, 2018, to January 30, 2022, were considered. The eligibility of studies was assessed independently. The data were collected in a modified Cochrane data extraction form. The included studies' quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The quality of evidence for renal and cardiovascular outcomes was evaluated using GRADEpro software. The number of events of urgent visits to the hospital and requiring hospitalization was reduced (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.78; <i>P</i> value <0.00001). The mortality rate because of cardiovascular events was decreased with sotagliflozin (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.80; <i>P</i> value <0.00001). Patients taking sotagliflozin had a drastic decline in the number of deaths due to stroke and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Yet, there is no difference between the groups in terms of changes in mortality due to other causes or the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Sotagliflozin demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the mortality rate related to heart failure and cardiovascular events when the dose was increased from 200 mg to 400 mg. Despite this, evidence is still needed to prove the renal protective action.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"269-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Yoga of Adaptive Yogasana Practice on the Flexibility and Psychomotor Variables in Intellectually Disabled Subjects.","authors":"Naduvanthody Sriharisukesh, Subramanya Pailoor, Sukanya Sudharshanan, Riya Chathambally","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_318_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_318_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intellectual disability (ID) is a public health challenge affecting communities worldwide. ID is characterized by impaired physical and cognitive functioning and less engaged in physical activities. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of adaptive yoga practices on cognitive and motor abilities in the subjects with ID. Sixty-six subjects with mild and moderate IDs were purposively selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 33 subjects in each group. One month of adaptive yoga module was provided to the experimental group. To assess the impact of the yoga intervention, Functional Reach Test (FRT), Wall Toss Test (WTT), Finger Tapping Test (FTT), Sit-Reach Test (SRT), and Six Letter Cancellation Test (SLCT) were administered. The experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement with <i>P</i> < 0.05 across all the parameters, whereas the control group could not observe a significant improvement. Based on the results, this study concludes that \"one month of adaptive yoga module\" delivered impact and helped to improve the dynamic balance, eye-hand coordination, neuro-motor function, spinal flexibility, and selective attention in ID-afflicted subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"429-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Low Birth Weight among the Newborns in Dadra and Nagar Haveli: A Community-based Study.","authors":"Sunil Jangid, Pooja Chauhan, Vaibhav Mehta, Mitali Patel, Darshan Mahyavanshi, Vatte Katte Das","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_916_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_916_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The world is not on track to meet the World Health Assembly (WHA) global target on Low Birth Weight (LBW). To estimate the prevalence and to identify the associated determinants of LBW among the newborns.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study among the 364 mothers registered under the all government health facilities of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (DNH) during November 2021 to January 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of LBW was found to be 39%. On uni-variable logistic regression, live in relationship, caste, weight of mother, Body Mass Index (BMI), weight gain <5 kg in 2nd and 3rd trimester, high-risk pregnancy, complication present in previous pregnancy and preterm delivery, while on multi-variable logistic regression, weight gain <5 kg in 2nd and 3rd trimester (AOR 2, 95% CI 1.007-4.2) and having high-risk pregnancy (AOR 2, 95% CI 1.1-3.0) were found to be the significant predictors of LBW among the newborns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude from the study that the prevalence of low birth weight among the newborn was high. There is a need to address maternal and child health issues like low birth weight, malnutrition and high-risk pregnancy under the RMNCAH+N program through various effective interventions. Future research should evaluate the feasibility of collaborative activities between RMNCAH+N program and the UNICEF in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"375-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}