Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献_第7页

Evaluating Electrochemical Marker for Udavarta (Slow Transit Constipation) and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Cross-Sectional Study. 评估电化学标志物Udavarta（慢传输型便秘）和心血管事件的风险：一项横断面研究。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_646_23

Divya Kajaria, Punam N Khobarkar

{"title":"Evaluating Electrochemical Marker for Udavarta (Slow Transit Constipation) and Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Divya Kajaria, Punam N Khobarkar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_646_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_646_23","url":null,"abstract":"The known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are diabetes, obesity, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive use of alcohol. The 10-year cardiovascular risk factor prevalence of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus is 55.8%, 14.4%, and 9.8%, respectively. Besides these known risk factors, other potential but less searched risk factors also need to be explored for better prevention of CVDs. To evaluate the association between Udavarta (STC), changes in lead III of ECG, and heart disease score to demonstrate the earliest pathological changes in the heart. A cross-sectional observational study using a survey method to collect data from November 11, 2021 to January 5, 2022. The Udavarta symptom score (USS) is associated with ECG changes in lead III (P > 0.0098). The USS shows an association with the Hrudroga (heart disease) symptom score: relative risk 1.83 (95% CI: 1.20-3.1), odds ratio 5.65 (95% CI: 1.06-30), and P > 0.0385. Udavarta (slow transit constipation) shows a strong association with heart disease symptom score and lead III ECG changes, and clinically is an equally contributing risk factor for the development of CVDs compared to the other risk factors. This study reports that the minimum duration of constipation for starting the development of heart diseases assessed by ECG is 3 months, and the maximum duration is 25 years. This study emphasizes that slow transit constipation is a risk factor for developing heart disease. Clinical research in this direction is warranted.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"207-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of COVID-19 on Tuberculosis Care and Treatment Outcome in Pre-COVID, COVID, and Post-COVID Eras. COVID-19对前、中、后期结核病护理和治疗结果的影响

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_194_23

Pooja N Ranpariya, Harsha M Solanki, Rajesh K Chudasama

{"title":"The Effect of COVID-19 on Tuberculosis Care and Treatment Outcome in Pre-COVID, COVID, and Post-COVID Eras.","authors":"Pooja N Ranpariya, Harsha M Solanki, Rajesh K Chudasama","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_194_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_194_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a significant disruption of all healthcare services. Tuberculosis (TB) services were also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic policies. Therefore, this study was planned to observe whether TB services and treatment outcome were affected in pre-COVID, COVID, and post-COVID eras among TB patients.Materials and methods: Secondary data analysis was carried out from the data obtained from District Tuberculosis Centre. Comparison of TB care data includes notification, diagnosis, treatment services, and outcome for the pre-COVID, COVID, and post-COVID periods.Results: TB notifications and diagnostic services were significantly hampered during the COVID-19 period as compared to pre-COVID and post-COVID periods (P < 0.05). However, in those diagnosed with TB, treatment was initiated timely and regular follow-up was done by health care workers to ensure treatment adherence, and hence, more cure rate was reported in the study. High mortality during COVID-19 period was found.Conclusion: TB care was significantly restrained during COVID-19 pandemic, and further reclamation of services occurred during the declining phase of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"242-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Children's Characteristics as the Predictors of Stunting among Children Under 2 Years in East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia. 儿童特征作为印尼东努沙登加拉地区2岁以下儿童发育迟缓的预测因素。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_384_23

Tumaji, Agung D Laksono, Hastin D Kusumawardani

{"title":"Children's Characteristics as the Predictors of Stunting among Children Under 2 Years in East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia.","authors":"Tumaji, Agung D Laksono, Hastin D Kusumawardani","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_384_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_384_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: East Nusa Tenggara is a province in the east of Indonesia with a relatively high stunting proportion than other provinces. This situation is exacerbated by the poverty that characterizes the people of this region. The study analyzes children's characteristics related to stunting among children under 2 years in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.Methods: The cross-sectional study examined 3,134 children under 2 years. Besides nutritional status (stature), the study analyzed five children's characteristics as exposure variables (birth weight, birth length, early initiation of breastfeeding, gender, and age) and six control variables (residence, maternal age, marital, maternal education, employment, wealth). We employed a binary logistic regression test in the last step.Results: Low-birth-weight children are 1.970 times more likely than normal children to experience stunting [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.905-2.037]. Children with short birth lengths are 1.373 times more likely than those with standard measurements to be stunted (95% CI 1.331-1.417). On the other hand, children without early initiation of breastfeeding are 1.034 times more likely than those with early initiation of breastfeeding (95% CI 1.013-1.057). Meanwhile, a boy is 1.426 times more likely to be stunted than a girl to experience stunting (95% CI 1.397-1.456). Moreover, based on children's age, 12-23 are 3.435 times more likely than those ≤12 to be stunted (95% CI 3.360-2.513).Conclusion: The study concluded that five children's characteristics were related to the stunting incidence in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: birth weight, birth length, early breastfeeding initiation, gender, and age.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"162-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum: Role of Gender Equity and Disability Inclusion to Help Achieve the Larger Cause of Health for All and Attain SDG 2030 by India. 勘误：性别平等和残疾包容在帮助印度实现更大的全民健康事业和实现2030年可持续发展目标中的作用。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_48_25

引用次数: 0

A Study of Sociodemographic Determinants of Consistent and Correct Condom Use among Homosexual Males Aged 18-24 Years in a Metropolitan City. 大城市18-24岁男同性恋者持续正确使用安全套的社会人口学因素研究。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_321_23

Yashowardhan V Totala, Abhiram M Kasbe, Rupali R Rajput

{"title":"A Study of Sociodemographic Determinants of Consistent and Correct Condom Use among Homosexual Males Aged 18-24 Years in a Metropolitan City.","authors":"Yashowardhan V Totala, Abhiram M Kasbe, Rupali R Rajput","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_321_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_321_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the biggest problems faced by the homosexual population is the high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases including human immunodeficiency virus which can be attributed to inconsistent and incorrect use of condom. Condom usage among homosexuals is affected by many factors which may have a positive or negative impact on it. This study aimed to find out the different sociodemographic determinants that were associated with consistent and correct condom use among homosexual males aged 18-24 years.Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 homosexual (including bisexual) males aged 18-24 years living in the Metropolitan city for minimum 1-year duration at the outreach sites of an NGO. Data pertaining to sociodemographic variables and consistent and correct condom use were obtained and analyzed in SPSS using the Chi-square test to find out the association between condom use and sociodemographic profile.Results: Only 43.3% of participants were using condoms consistently and correctly. Consistent and correct use of condom was observed among participants who were younger (p =<0.001), more educated (p =<0.001), belonging to a higher socioeconomic class (p =<0.001) with a high per-capita income (p =<0.001), living in a nuclear family (P = 0.004), unmarried (P = 0.0071), and staying with the family (p =<0.001).Conclusion: Sociodemographic determinants do have an impact and play a vital role in the consistent and correct use of condoms among homosexual males.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum: Family Adoption Program: An NMC-mandated Initiative. 勘误：家庭收养计划：nmc授权的倡议。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_49_25

引用次数: 0

Impact of a Visual-Auditory-Kinesthetic Model-Based Educational Package on Knowledge Regarding Stroke Among Security Guards in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. 基于视觉-听觉-动觉模型的教学包对三级护理教学医院保安员脑卒中知识的影响

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_306_23

Parul, Latha Venkatesan, Achal Srivastava, Manju Ak Rajora

{"title":"Impact of a Visual-Auditory-Kinesthetic Model-Based Educational Package on Knowledge Regarding Stroke Among Security Guards in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.","authors":"Parul, Latha Venkatesan, Achal Srivastava, Manju Ak Rajora","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_306_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_306_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is a fatal disease with huge burden worldwide. Nonetheless, it is preventable, provided risk factors are controlled. Modifiable risk factors are associated with 90% of attributable risk for stroke. The growing burden of stroke indicates that the current stroke prevention strategies are either not used properly or insufficiently effective. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of risk factors of stroke and to assess the impact of a VAK (visual-auditory-kinesthetic) model-based educational program on knowledge of stroke among security guards.Materials and methods: The data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, prevalence of risk factors of stroke among security guards was assessed. In the second phase, the security guards who were found to have high risk of stroke were given the educational package employing the VAK model. The educational package included researcher-developed videos on risk factors and management of stroke, a poster on Act FAST, and a card game on symptoms of stroke. Paired t-test was used to compare the means of knowledge score before and after intervention.Result: The security guards had risk factors for stroke including hypertension (12.7%), smoking (59%), and obesity (29.4%). The security guards showed improvement in knowledge score regarding stroke from a mean score of 9.2 ± 1.9 to a mean score of 16.3 ± 1.2 (P < 0.001) after the educational intervention.Conclusion: Hypertension, smoking, and obesity were the most common risk factors of stroke among security guards. The VAK model-based educational package was effective in improving knowledge of security guards regarding signs, symptoms, risk factors, and action to be taken on any sign of stroke.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) with Some Associated Risk Factors among Children Aged 1 to 5 Years in Rural Maharashtra - A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study. 马哈拉施特拉邦农村1至5岁儿童维生素A缺乏症（VAD）患病率及其相关危险因素——一项基于社区的横断面研究

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_923_22

R N Raghavendra Swamy, Priyanka N Akahade, P Abhinaya, Arvindkumar Waghmare, Satish V Gujalwar

{"title":"Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) with Some Associated Risk Factors among Children Aged 1 to 5 Years in Rural Maharashtra - A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"R N Raghavendra Swamy, Priyanka N Akahade, P Abhinaya, Arvindkumar Waghmare, Satish V Gujalwar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_923_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_923_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nutrition is an indispensable part of human life. Vitamin A deficiency(VAD) is the most important cause of preventable blindness in young children. It has long been a nutritional problem of public health significance in India and continues to be so. It is estimated that 50,000 preschool children become blind every year owing to VAD, and many of them will eventually die because of increased susceptibility to infections. To estimate the prevalence of clinical forms of vitamin A deficiency among the preschool children aged 1 to 5 years in the community and to determine the risk factors associated with vitamin A deficiency among the children aged 1-5 years.Material and methods: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among the pre-school children of RHTC area of a medical college between March 2019 to June 2019, IEC 24/2019. The data obtained was entered in MS-EXCEL 2010 and statistical software Epi info version 7.Results: The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in our study was found to be 5.59%. On bi-variate analysis, the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was more among the children belonging to class 4 and class 5 BG Prasad scale and was significant (p<0.05). According to our study grade 2 and grade 3 PEM, Diarrhoeal diseases, measles infection and lack of vitamin A prophylaxis has emerged as independent risk factors.Conclusion: Strengthening of immunization is very important to avoid VAD. Tailor made dietary modifications is very much essential among children, to combat PEM and in turn infections. Sources of vitamin A rich foods and its importance in a daily diet must be emphasized.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychosocial Burden in Parents Having Intellectually Disabled Children: A Hospital-based Study. 智障儿童父母的心理社会负担：一项基于医院的研究

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_358_23

Reena Kumari, Tapas Kumar Ray, Ananya Ray Laskar, Ritu Majumdar

{"title":"Psychosocial Burden in Parents Having Intellectually Disabled Children: A Hospital-based Study.","authors":"Reena Kumari, Tapas Kumar Ray, Ananya Ray Laskar, Ritu Majumdar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_358_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_358_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intellectual disability is a non-communicable health disorder that has become a public health concern worldwide, with a marked impairment in communication, academic, and social skills. It is important to identify the level of psychological stress among parents of these children. Hence, this study was designed to assess the level of psychological stress among parents having intellectually disabled children.Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient department (OPD) at Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi. Data were collected to analyze the psychological stress in families. Parental Stress Scale (PSS) was used as the tool to measure stress in parents.Results: A total of 170 mothers were enrolled in the study. In total, 14 different variables were considered plausible contributing factors to the mother's stress. Four variables demonstrated a clear linear association between variable values and PSS. These variables were a) per-capita monthly family income, b) socioeconomic status, c) study subjects' occupation, and d) duration of disability. The overall mean PSS for the entire cohort was found to be 47.14 ± 2.93. The reference criteria for low stress was 19-45, and it was 45-90 for high stress.Conclusion: The study suggests that mothers of children with intellectual disability experience high stress. Raising a child with special care needs is overwhelming for mothers. Appropriate clinical services should be provided to support parents of children with disabilities and offer resources to educate and enable mothers to manage their children's disabilities and needs.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"90-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compendium of Invited Papers on Public Health Issues. 公共卫生问题特邀论文汇编。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_940_24

Pankaj Bhardwaj

引用次数: 0