Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Status of Vision Impairment and Refractive Errors in Special Schools in Andhra Pradesh, India.","authors":"Winston D Prakash, Srinivas Marmamula, Niranjan Pehere, Rohit C Khanna","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_14_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_14_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"711-712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Analysis of Young's Internet Addiction Test among High School Students of North India.","authors":"Sunidhi Karol, Meenal M Thakare, Purushottam A Giri, Mohit Karol, Minnat Sharma, Rishab Dhiman","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_281_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_281_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Internet addiction is a serious problem that can negatively impact both the physical and mental health of adolescents. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is the most commonly used instrument to screen internet addiction worldwide. The study investigated the psychometric properties of the Hindi version of young's IAT. School-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study design.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>The Hindi version of the IAT questionnaire was used to estimate internet addiction. Factor structure was analyzed by exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor (CFA) analyses, whereas reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. EFA, CFA, MANOVA, and logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factor analysis revealed that the Hindi version of IAT consisted of a two-factor model, and had good validity (χ² <i>P</i> < 0.000; RMSEA = 0.039; CFI = 0.969; SRMR = 0.031). Cronbach's alpha score was 0.92. A significant association was also observed between the level of internet addiction with the duration of internet use per day (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Hindi version of IAT provides good validity and reliability in a two-factor model. Therefore, it can be utilized as a tool for screening internet addiction in the Hindi-speaking population of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"615-620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual Cup use among Nulliparous Women: Breaking Taboos and Empowering Communities - A Scoping Review.","authors":"Surama Manjari Behera, Priyamadhaba Behera, Debkumar Pal, Poojitha Sushama Malla, Binod Kumar Patro, E Venkata Rao","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_600_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_600_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menstrual cups offer a more comfortable menstruation experience, reducing disruptions to daily activities. They are eco-friendly and more cost-effective than other menstrual products. Our aim of the study was to understand menstrual cup use among nulliparous female and identify the challenges for their adoption and continued usage. Database-specific search strategies were formulated for Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase by using keywords such as \"vaginal cup,\" \"menstrual cup,\" and \"nulliparous.\" The search was conducted on November 15, 2024, and eligible studies published till November 1, 2024 were searched. Various study designs were considered, while studies that did not mention the proportion of nulliparous females among menstrual cup users were excluded. Out of 40 identified records, 11 studies were included after screening. Studies involving nulliparous females from various regions, including Canada, the USA, India, Colombia, Zimbabwe, and Kenya, suggest that menstrual cups constitute a safe and comfortable option for menstrual hygiene management (MHM). Nulliparous females encounter unique obstacles such as limited awareness of their reproductive systems, fears and restrictions related to the unscientific concept of virginity, and limited accessibility to menstrual cups. These barriers are compounded by minimal technical and social support. Nulliparous females also face specific issues such as increased menstrual bleeding and loss of school or college hours, which can significantly be mitigated by using menstrual cups. Evidence suggests that menstrual cups can be a safe and comfortable option for MHM among nulliparous females. It is essential to debunk social myths and taboos, provide accessibility to menstrual cups, offer training, and build confidence in young females from menarche. Engaging multiple personnel at different levels and receiving supportive guidance from healthcare providers are critical steps to increase public awareness and acceptance of menstrual cups.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"574-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on the Efficacy of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Therapy in Russia: Retrospective Epidemiological Study.","authors":"Ilia Andreevich Bykov","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_690_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_690_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Russia has the highest prevalence of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) in the world. This study aims to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic determinants on the effectiveness of therapy in patients with MDR/RR-TB in the Khabarovsk krai region of Russia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study. Using the centralized national database of TB patients, data was collected on 2661 patients diagnosed with TB from 2018 to 2019 in all medical facilities of the region. After applying exclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 531 patients with determined MDR/RR and with a known chemotherapy outcome. The influence on the therapy outcome of the 13 variables was analyzed using a binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>10 out 13 analyzed variables had no influence on a given therapy's effectiveness. These variables were sex, age, residence, occupation, substance abuse, presence of disability, circumstance of TB diagnosis, TB localization, HIV coinfection, and history of imprisonment. Previous treatment with Isoniazid and Rifampicin (<i>P</i> = 0.036, AOR 1.987, CI 95% 1.097 to 3.601), cavities absence in the lungs (<i>P</i> = 0.009, AOR 1.720, CI 95% 1.142 to 2.590), and living in a separate apartment (<i>P</i> = 0.023, AOD -1.150, 95% CI -2.223 to -1.027) significantly influenced treatment efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings point to demographic restructuring of the core of MDR/RR-TB carriers in Russia. As a way to resolve this situation, we wish to emphasize shifting the focus from risk groups and facility-based therapy to home-based therapy, as well as focusing on combating the social stigma and further improving HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"592-598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition in Under-Five Children in Urban Slums of Tripura, India.","authors":"Manali Chakraborty, Saurav Basu, Suparna G Jerath","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_752_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_752_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We conducted this study to ascertain the prevalence of undernutrition in terms of stunting, wasting, and underweight for age and their determinants among under-five slum children in urban poor settlements in Tripura, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected ward in the West District of Tripura from Jan to June 2023, including 353 children. The mothers of the respective children were interviewed regarding their sociodemographic status, household conditions, and child feeding practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting was found to be 23.23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.82%-27.63%), 23.23% (95% CI: 18.82%-27.63%), and 22.95 (95% CI: 18.56%-27.33%), respectively. The increasing age of the child and the lower maternal education were associated with increased odds of both wasting and being underweight. Children living in households using unclean fuel had nearly five times higher odds of stunting, 1.49 times higher odds of wasting, and 1.9 times higher odds of being underweight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden of undernutrition in under-five children in urban poor settlements was comparable to that in the general population of Tripura. Higher educational status of the mother and use of clean fuel (liquefied petroleum gas) were protective against adverse nutritional status (wasting and underweight) in the children.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"599-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Fluoride and PH Concentration Among Different Brands of Packaged Alkaline Water - An Analytical Study.","authors":"Neha Pitale, Riya Ramgade, Karibasappa Gundabktha, Shriram Kulkarni, Rakshith C Guru, Mukul D Joshi","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_658_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_658_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People consuming alkaline water for health benefits should have optimum fluoride and pH. Water fluoridation prevents caries.</p><p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>To determine the fluoride concentration, pH levels, and relation between them in six different brands of alkaline water.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Randomly, six different alkaline water package bottles were selected for fluoride and pH analysis using an electrochemical probe method and electrometric method, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean fluoride concentration of tested samples was 0.212 ± 0.376 mg/L with the highest value in Aava alkaline water (1.03 mg/L) and the lowest in Kangen alkaline water (0.02 mg/L). The mean pH was 7.754 ± 0.672, much below the claimed values of the manufacturers. Kangen alkaline water had the highest pH (8.66), and Aava alkaline water had lowest pH (7.05). There was a statistically significant difference, <i>P</i> < 0.001, between different brands of fluoride and pH levels. There was a negative correlation between fluoride and pH in alkaline water samples (<i>P</i> = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tested alkaline water bottles should adhere to its pH and should contain optimum fluoride. Concerned authorities should make sure the availability of optimum fluoride concentration and specify the pH level on the alkaline water bottle label for better consumer awareness and making an informed choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"674-678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of TB Notification among the Private Health Care Providers in Eastern India.","authors":"R Akshaya, Binod Kumar Behera, Binod Kumar Patro, Arvind Kumar Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_199_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_199_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) has been a notifiable disease since 2012. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of private health care providers (PHCPs) regarding TB notification and to identify the physician-level and health system-level factors determining knowledge and practice of TB notification. A cross-sectional study was done in the field practice area of AIIMS Bhubaneswar. The study was conducted from February 2020 to May 2021 in Odisha. PHCPs from all systems of medicine were included in the study. The sample size was calculated to be 138. A self-administered semistructured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multivariable logistic regression was done to identify the association between the independent and dependent variables. A total of 89 PHCPs were recruited into the study. Among them, 57 (64%) of the PHCPs were aware of TB notification, whereas 24 (42%) had ever notified a case of TB. All PHCPs who had ever diagnosed or treated a TB case were aware of TB notification. The factors associated with TB notification were the clinical setting of practice, diagnosed more than one TB case in the past 1 year, and those who worked in the government setting in the past 2 years. The knowledge and practice of TB notification were low among PHCPs. More frequent and mandatory sensitization training should be conducted for all PHCPs to increase awareness about TB notification.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"679-683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Household Tuberculosis and Socioeconomic and Bioenvironmental Factors: A Statistical Model Approach Using NFHS-5 Data.","authors":"Anant Kumar Pandey, Himansu K Chaturvedi, Pooja Choraria","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_191_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_191_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a pressing global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India, where it poses significant challenges to public health. This study investigates the socioeconomic and bioenvironmental determinants of TB at a household's level using data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey conducted in India between 2019 and 2021. The study utilizes a comprehensive approach, including univariate, bivariate, and regression analyses, to explore the relationship between TB prevalence and various independent factors. Regression models, including binomial, Poisson, and negative binomial, are employed to elucidate the predictors of TB. The data reveal higher TB prevalence in rural areas compared to urban areas, with households headed by males exhibiting a greater prevalence. Socioeconomic factors such as possession of a Below Poverty Line card and access to electricity are significantly associated with household TB status. Additionally, bioenvironmental factors such as type of cooking fuel and water sanitation measures play crucial roles in shaping TB dynamics within households. The findings underscore the complex interplay between socioeconomic status, living conditions, and bioenvironmental factors in influencing household TB risk. This study provides valuable insights into the socioeconomic and bioenvironmental determinants of TB prevalence at a household's level, informing evidence-based policy and intervention strategies aimed at reducing TB burden and advancing progress toward global TB elimination goals. Moreover, housing infrastructure, promoting clean energy access, and gender-sensitive approaches can enhance TB control efforts and promote community health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"689-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement of Automated Oscillometric Blood Pressure Measurement Device with the Manual Mercury Sphygmomanometer.","authors":"Sana Ahmed, Yamini Gusain, Renuka Pathak, Rishu Thakur, Geeta Trilok-Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_590_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_590_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The usage of the manual mercury sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure (BP) is universally regarded as the gold standard, but its use has decreased globally due to concerns about potential mercury toxicity. Automated BP devices have become more popular, though their accuracy in detecting hypertension hasn't been studied extensively. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 301 adult female students of the University of Delhi with the aim to assess the degree of agreement between standard manual mercury sphygmomanometer and automated BP monitor (Omron JPN1). Three consecutive BP readings were taken on the left arm by a certified medical doctor using both instruments. Bland Altman plots were created to assess the degree of agreement between the two BP devices and to test the accuracy of automated BP monitor in detecting hypertensive adults. The automated BP monitor underestimated the systolic BP measurement by 4 mmHg and diastolic BP measurement by 7 mmHg as determined by Bland Altman plot. Based on international validation protocols, a mean difference of < 5 ± 8 mmHg was established to assess the level of agreement between the two devices. The automatic BP monitor did not show complete agreement with the \"gold standard\" mercury sphygmomanometer. With growing restrictions on the use of mercury sphygmomanometers, its replacement with an equivalent mercury-free validated device is urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"694-699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Diarrhea Among under-5 Children and Health-Seeking Behavior of Mothers in a Resettlement Colony of Delhi, India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Risa Vernette N Sangma, Sanjeev Kumar Rasania","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_90_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_90_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrheal diseases have known to affect the well-being of under-5 children significantly, especially in developing countries. Mothers' knowledge about diarrheal diseases and decision making plays an important role in limiting the occurrence of the disease and also its complications among under-5 children. To study the prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-5 children and to assess the health-seeking behavior of mothers.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a resettlement colony, and a total of 553 under-5 children were studied. Data on health-seeking behavior were obtained from the mothers/care givers and were analyzed using Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-5 children in the resettlement colony was found to be 40.7%. About 60.7% of mothers belonged to the age group of 25-34 years, 26.7% were illiterate, and 55.6% belonged to the upper-lower socioeconomic status. Breast feeding was restricted in 31.2% under-5 children, and about 40.0% preferred visiting a private practitioner for diarrheal diseases. Only 49.6% and 41.0% of the mothers whose children had diarrhea followed WaSH practices before preparing food and after cleansing the child's excreta. About 71.0% were given either homemade oral rehydration salt (ORS) or ORS solution available in packets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Factors that influence the health-seeking behavior of mothers and understanding these factors play a vital role in addressing the issue of diarrheal diseases among under-5 children and also in application of timely prevention and intervention methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"669-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}