Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Preliminary Study on the Impact of Household Air Pollution on Adult Respiratory Health in Urban and Rural Settings of Jaipur, India.","authors":"Arun Kumar Sharma, Anukrati Dhabahi, S S Mohanty","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_325_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_325_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between household air pollution and chronic respiratory illness (CRI) in Jaipur, India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 147 participants over 18 years of age from 45 households were randomly included in the study, and follow-up visits were conducted once every fortnight over a three-month period. Spirometry tests were conducted using a portable hand-held digital spirometer. A self-designed, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to collect socio-demographic information from the participants. Statistical tests, such as t-tests were used to analyze the association between household air pollution and CRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of COPD and bronchial asthma was 2% and 4%, respectively. Various risk factors for CRI were identified within households, and only 4 episodes of acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory illness were observed, resulting in no incidence density calculation. The mean values of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were significantly lower in females (<i>P</i> < 0.001) Also, the mean values of FVC and FEV1 were significantly lower in rural areas (<i>P</i> < 0.005) than urban areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the importance of government and stakeholder action to implement clean air policies and protect respiratory health. Further studies are needed to expand on these findings and delve deeper into understanding the complex interactions between various risk factors and respiratory health in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"165-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Patterns of Heaping in Age Data among Literates, Illiterates, and Numeracy-Literacy Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Census 2011, of India.","authors":"Jayanta Datta, Prasenjit Sinha","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1088_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1088_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate information on age is an essential prerequisite for demographic and epidemiological studies. This study analyzed the age data quality among the literate and illiterate (combined, rural, urban) population and examined the association between data quality and literacy.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Secondary data on age statistics and literacy were obtained from census 2011. We measured age data quality for literates and illiterates (combined, rural, urban) by transforming Whipple's index known as ABCC, abbreviated based on surnames of the developers A'Hearn, Baten, and Crayen (2009). Correlation tests between literacy and ABCC were performed. RStudio (Version 1.3.1073) was used.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Computed ABCC indices in majority states (union territories) for literates (data quality rough) were higher than illiterates (data quality very rough). Urban data among literates and rural data among illiterates were comparatively superior. Correlation between ABCC and literacy rates for (i) literate combined (R = 0.84, <i>P</i> = 3.5e^-10), (ii) literate rural (R = 0.8, <i>P</i> = 1.1e^-08), (iii) literate urban (R = 0.8, <i>P</i> = 1e^-08), (iv) illiterate combined (R = 0.54, <i>P</i> = 9e^-04), (v) illiterate rural (R = 0.48, <i>P</i> = 0.0034), and (vi) illiterate urban (R = 0.73, <i>P</i> = 6.4e^-07) was significant. Age data quality for both literates and illiterates was poor. There was heaping at terminal digits \"0\" and \"5\" even among literates, which contradicts the theoretical expectation of quality data among literates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Correlations between data quality and literacy were significant, with comparatively lower magnitude among illiterates, which indicates the role of literacy in yielding quality data. Awareness, training, ADHAAR-based enumeration, and digitization may be suggested for better age data.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"189-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Chaos to Clarity: Use of Mind Maps as a Tool to Ensure Better Learning among Medical Students.","authors":"Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava, Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_312_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_312_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"233-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Child's Play: Under-five Child Feces Management in a Rural Area of Bengaluru Urban District, India.","authors":"Anissa Mary Thomas Thattil, Twinkle Agrawal, Abdul Kader Surti, Stallon Sebastian, Kiyana Mirza, George Jacob, Farah Naaz Fathima","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_141_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_141_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inappropriate feces disposal leads to environmental contamination, and increases the risk of exposure to children. We aimed to estimate the proportion of rural households with knowledge and practice of safe management of feces (SMoF) among under-five children and to identify associated factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight villages in Bengaluru Urban district over 2 months, using a face-validated semi-structured interview schedule. SMoF was defined based on five criteria - defecation site, transport tool, feces disposal, cleaning of transport tool, and hand washing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 320 under-five children surveyed, 15.7% were pre-ambulatory and 84.3% were ambulatory. The majority of the caregivers (92.5%) felt that children should defecate in the latrine and only 23.7% were aware that child feces were more infectious than adult feces. SMoF was only practiced by caregivers of ambulatory children (52.6%). Households with older caregivers (<i>P</i> = 0.01) and those living in a pucca house (<i>P</i> = 0.02) with a latrine inside (<i>P</i> = 0.04) were found to practice SMoF. Children of households that practiced unsafe disposal of child feces experienced more diarrheal episodes (<i>P</i> = 0.04). Caregivers >20 years were found to have better odds of SMoF [20-25 years (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 9.02), 26-30 years (aOR: 12.17), >30 years (aOR: 8.93)] compared to those <20 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proportion of households with knowledge and practice of SMoF was low. Awareness of SMoF is essential to reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases and improve sanitation. Our findings also call for awareness building at schools and colleges.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"138-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on Elder Abuse and Neglect Among Geriatric Population in the Rural and Urban Field Practice Areas of a Medical College.","authors":"Prianka Shashi Kumar, Anusha Rashmi, Manjula Anil, B M Sindhu","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_883_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_883_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elder abuse is a multidimensional problem of public importance. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 16% of older people were victims of elder abuse. A study conducted by HelpAge India in 2018 showed that Mangaluru ranks the highest in elder abuse (47%). Given the scarce literature, this study sought to determine the prevalence of elder abuse and its associated sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the senior population in the rural and urban field practice a medical college in Mangaluru for one and a half years. The sample size was 280.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the study population was in the age group of fewer than 75 years (75.4%), with 50.4% females, 60% Hindus, 56.4% married, 39.3% illiterate, and 88.9% of them retired. The prevalence of elder abuse was 44.6% (rural = 50.7% and urban = 38.6%). Binary logistic regression showed that elder abuse was statistically significant among the unemployed, extended family members, and staying with children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study brings to light the sociodemographic factors that play a role in detecting elder abuse. It also shows the importance of awareness of elder mistreatment among older people. These elements must be considered for implementing and enforcing laws and legislation to help curb elder abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"214-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure a Medical Student's Interest in the Subject of Community Medicine.","authors":"Syed I Ali, Jarina Begum, Abhishek Kumar, Swati Shikha, Sachin K Patil, Ratnesh Sinha","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_383_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_383_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lack of interest has been cited by many studies as the predominant cause for students undervaluing the subject of Community Medicine. However, there are few valid and reliable tools that could measure this interest. To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure a medical student's interest in the subject of Community Medicine.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study conducted at MTMC Jamshedpur. The Community Medicine Interest Questionnaire (CMIQ) was developed in two phases: item generation and item reduction. Items were generated through a review of the literature, focused group discussions, and in-depth interviews. In the item reduction phase, the content and construct validity of the questionnaire were ascertained. Content validity was carried out by a group of experts based on three parameters: the interrater agreement on the representativeness of the item, the interrater agreement on the clarity of the items, and the content validity index. The construct validity was ascertained through pilot testing of 480 responses from undergraduate medical students. Exploratory factor analysis through principal axis factoring and Promax rotation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five items were generated. Three of these items were removed following expert validation. Furthermore, three items were removed after pilot testing. The resulting CMIQ consisted of 19 items distributed over three dimensions: feeling, value, and predisposition to reengage toward the subject. The internal consistency of each of the subscales was ascertained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMIQ is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to measure such interest for providing educational interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Parasitic Burden of Soil-Transmitted Helminths Among Pregnant Women in the Maharashtra State of India Using qPCR: A Community-Based Study.","authors":"Shilpa Gaidhane, Abhay Gaidhane, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Shital Telrandhe, Manoj Patil, Deepak Saxena, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonali Choudhari, Quazi S Zahiruddin","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_249_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_249_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are widespread in developing countries with inadequate sanitation facilities. These infections can lead to malnutrition, anemia, and other complications that can negatively impact both the mother's and fetus's health during pregnancy. This study aimed to estimate the burden of STH by Kato-Katz microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in pregnant women from rural India. The diagnostic accuracy of these two methods was also compared.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Wardha district of Maharashtra state. We randomly selected and interviewed 688 pregnant women. A total of 534 (77.61%) participants gave stool samples. Two containers (60 mL) labeled with a unique identification number were given to pregnant women to collect stool samples for Kato-Katz microscopy and qPCR. Stool specimens were transported to an accredited lab and examined within 24 hours. Suitable examinations were conducted to compare sensitivity between two tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results are presented for 534 participants who gave stool samples. The prevalence of any STH by Kato-Katz stool microscopy was 6.55% (95%CI 4.46-12.19), and that by qPCR was 20.41 (95%CI 17.53-29.40). The sensitivity of Kato-Katz microscopy was 29.17% compared to sensitivity of 90.83% by qPCR (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Pregnant women with STH infection have a significantly lower weight gain during pregnancy, and the majority were either mild or moderate anemic compared to those without STH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlighted significant differences in prevalence of STH among pregnant women by Kato-Katz microscopy and qPCR. The sensitivity of qPCR for detecting STH was higher than that of Kato-Katz microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunization Status of Children 12-36 Months Age of Migrant Workers and Factors Associated with it in Urban Areas of Bangalore East.","authors":"Shweta Neminath Kurkuri, Mangala Subramanian","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_42_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunization is a cost-effective weapon against vaccine preventable diseases. Children of migrant workers suffer from lack of immunization because of frequent shift of places, poor knowledge, and low socioeconomic status. To assess the immunization status of children 12-36 months of age of migrant workers and factors associated it. To identify the reasons for non-immunization or partial immunization among these children.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 migrant workers' children aged 12-36 months residing in Urban Bangalore east from February 2019 to August 2020. A cluster sampling method was incorporated. The data were collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Epi-info™ Version 7.2.1 and SPSS version-21. Data were summarized in percentages, mean, standard deviation, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the children was 25.2340 ± 8.42 months. Out of 500 children, 88.60% were fully immunized, 11.40% were partially immunized, and no child was unimmunized. Significant predictors of immunization status of children were education of father and immunization card. Common reasons for dropout were inconvenient time (80.70%), unaware of need (77.19%), and busy schedule of parents (75.44%). The dropout rate of BCG to MR-1, Penta-1 to Penta-3, and Penta1to MR-1 was 6.49%, 0.85%, and 2.12%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunization coverage in the present study was 88.60%. Inconvenient time was the main reason behind partial immunization.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Lockdown on Air Quality in the Most Polluted Cities of India.","authors":"Noel George, Jang Bahadur Prasad, Elizabeth Varghese, Richu Rajesh, Aravind Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_980_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_980_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, prompting lockdowns in practically every country. To prevent the spread of the disease, India has enforced a rigorous nationwide lockdown that commenced in March 2020. The lockdown imposed amid the pandemic ensured that most commercial activities and vehicle transportation ceased, resulting in a significant reduction in air pollution levels.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The value of air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, NO₂, and SO₂ from January to May 2020 was obtained from the Indian Central Pollution Control Board. Before lockdown and during lockdown, relative fluctuations in ambient concentrations of four air contaminants were investigated. The Box-Jenkins approach was used to estimate future air pollution data points using time series data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PM10 level reduced by 61%, 30%, 68%, 37%, and 43% in the selected cities, respectively. Comparison of other pollutant concentrations before and after the lockdown also found a reduction in ambient pollutant concentrations, resulting in improved air quality. Inference of predicted model values to observed values revealed a significant increase in the concentrations of all pollutants. The percentage increases in AQI_mean from predicted to observed values were 206% in Ghaziabad, 148% in Delhi, 59% in Hyderabad, and 160% in Cochin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The strict lockdown has resulted in a significant drop in air pollutant levels. Upgrading present technologies could help keep pollution to a minimum of 37% under control. The findings would prompt the government to consider how to strictly reduce vehicle and industrial pollution to improve air quality and maintain improved public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal Comorbidities among known Diabetes Patients, their Quality of Life, and Healthcare Costs: A Comparative Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttarakhand.","authors":"Seema Lekhwani, Bhola Nath, Shiv Dutt Gupta, Ranjeeta Kumari, Narain Das Vaswani, Neeraj Pawar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_832_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_832_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes is a chronic disorder with long-term sequelae and multisystem manifestation. Burden of diabetes in on the rise. Presence of other morbidities can not only have a detrimental effect on the disease treatment and recovery course, but also on the financial burden and quality of life. Present study aims to investigate how musculoskeletal conditions affect individuals with diabetes compared to those without the condition.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comparative study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in North India to assess the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in people with and without diabetes. A total of 195 diabetes patients and an equal number of individuals without diabetes were sequentially enrolled from the outpatient department (OPD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Burden of musculoskeletal comorbidities was significantly higher (46.2%) among people with diabetes than the comparison group (25.1%). The overall odds ratio (OR) for comorbidities of musculoskeletal system was 2.5 times higher in diabetes cases as compared to individuals without diabetes. The OR for rheumatoid arthritis, chronic backache, and osteoarthritis was found to be 3.6, 2.9, and 1.7 respectively. Poor quality of life and higher direct cost of treatment were found among diabetes cases with musculoskeletal comorbidities as against those without these comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Presence of musculoskeletal comorbidity is high among diabetes patients, and it has an impact on the quality of life and treatment cost. Screening for musculoskeletal comorbidities should be included as part of the diabetes complication assessment to allow for early detection and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}