Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Countering Tobacco Industry Interference: A Policy Brief on Strengthening the WHO FCTC Article 5.3 Adoption in India.","authors":"Sonu Goel, Priyobrat Rajkhowa, Shivam Kapoor, Ashish K Pandey, Rana J Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_827_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_827_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tobacco use in India contributes to over 1.35 million deaths annually, posing a major public health challenge. Tobacco industry interference (TII) is a significant barrier to effective tobacco control, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as India. This interference undermines public health efforts by manipulating policy implementation and enforcement. The adoption of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) Article 5.3 in India has made progress, with 23 states implementing the guidelines. However, enforcement gaps and persistent tobacco industry (TI) tactics continue to weaken tobacco control measures. Nefarious strategies, such as lobbying and misinformation, further complicate the effective execution of these policies. To effectively reduce tobacco use in India, stronger and enforceable policies are needed at both national and state levels. Strengthened legal frameworks, increased public awareness, and robust monitoring systems are critical to protect public health policies from TII. These steps are essential to safeguard public health and enhance the impact of tobacco control initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S228-S233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine in Community Based Palliative Care - A Position Statement.","authors":"Srikanth Srinivasan, Vinayagamoorthy Venugopal, Suguna Elayaperumal, Mahendra Singh, Priya Kataria, Rehana Vanaja Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_758_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_758_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, access to palliative care is a challenge for the majority of people with serious health suffering in India. Most of the existing palliative care services are available at tertiary healthcare facilities in urban areas. The National Program of Palliative Care (NPPC) envisages incorporating palliative care in undergraduate medical education to improve the knowledge and skills of primary care physicians to provide quality palliative care in the home setting of patients. Additionally, NPPC also aims to promote community awareness and ownership in palliative care. Community-based palliative care (CBPC) provides holistic support for patients with serious illnesses. This position statement intends to address possible considerations on the role of the Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM) on CBPC in the country. A team of members of IAPSM trained in essential palliative care attempted to develop this position statement. The team explored the existing status of palliative care in India and feasible solutions through IAPSM for CBPC by the objectives of NPPC. The team applied and analyzed the WHO framework of public health approach to palliative care - amalgamation in primary health care, integration with specialists for continuum of care, public awareness, training of primary care physicians and community volunteers, and supportive supervision in community initiatives. IAPSM can effectively contribute to CBPC through capacity building of the primary health care team, awareness generation, promoting community ownership, and development of standards of care through community-based research. Implementing the aforementioned recommendations would contribute to achieving the target of Sustainable Development Goal 3.8, which addresses the need for pain relief and palliative care to all needy patients. The IAPSM recognizes palliative care as a vital component of Universal Health Coverage and holds the capacity to bring about substantial changes in the promotion of CBPC in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S164-S169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Gender Equity and Disability Inclusion to Help Achieve the Larger Cause of Health for All and Attain SDG 2030 by India.","authors":"Sonali Kar, Abu Bashar, Sridevi Gnanasekaran, A K Jayasree, Pillaveetil Sathyadas Indu, Kajal Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_751_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_751_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender equality had been targeted under Millennium Development Goals 2015 as Goal 3, whose primary focus was women's education. It was further reinforced under the ambit of Sustainable Development Goal 5 as again gender equality and women empowerment, whose timeline is by 2030. The review article essays the journey of this very pertinent theme, from abeyance to gaining prominence, and the associated societal variations. Gender equity now is the finer version, which is accepted and received well too, and this inclusiveness has urged us to add disability inclusion into our context of discussion. These issues are always challenges that crop up in the path of development and evolution. Hence, it is very essential that deliberations are conducted to get an insight into the deviations at the regional as well as rural areas in terms of addressing these issues. With appreciable improvement in health-related targets, these issues are coming to the fore, as barriers to sustainable improvements. Hence, developing strategies for gender equity and disability inclusion are likely to play vital roles in the overall goal of Health For All (HFA).</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S153-S158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Adoption Program: An NMC-mandated Initiative.","authors":"Hemangini Kishore Shah, Amrit Kaur Virk, Amol Dongre, Shib Shekhar Datta, Subodh S Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_750_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_750_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Medical Commission (NMC) of India has introduced the Family Adoption Program (FAP) as a key initiative within the Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) framework. FAP is designed to reshape medical education by deeply embedding students within communities, providing a platform for experiential learning that enhances their understanding of healthcare challenges beyond the clinical setting. Under the program, medical students adopt families in rural or underserved areas and work with them over an extended period, addressing health needs and fostering a holistic, socially responsive approach to care. This engagement allows students to understand the multifaceted determinants of health-such as social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors-that influence well-being and disease. Through direct interaction with families, students develop a community-centred approach to healthcare delivery, fostering continuity of care and empowering communities in managing their own health. This paper explores how FAP integrates community engagement into medical education, driving both student learning and community health outcomes. It outlines the theoretical underpinnings and practical implementation strategies of FAP, offering a roadmap for medical colleges to successfully integrate this initiative into their curricula. The paper highlights best practices and innovative approaches from institutions, emphasizing the need for institutional ownership, interdisciplinary collaboration, and partnerships with local communities to ensure long-term success. Additionally, it provides insights for scaling FAP nationally, positioning it as a transformative step towards cultivating compassionate, community-oriented healthcare professionals. By fostering deeper connections between medical students and communities, FAP has the potential to improve health equity and transform health care across India.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S170-S176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IAPSM's Position Paper on Influenza Vaccines for Adult Immunization in India.","authors":"Nikita Sharma, Madhur Verma, Kapil Goel, Muralidhar M Kulkarni, Anu Bhardwaj, Sahil Sharma, Tejbeer Singh, Madhu Gupta, Anuradha Nadda, Lalit R Sankhe","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_741_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_741_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza causes significant morbidity, hospitalizations, and mortality due to lower respiratory tract infections in India. This paper reviews the current evidence regarding influenza epidemiology, the need for vaccination, immunogenicity, and efficacy of available vaccines and provides recommendations for influenza vaccination for adults by the Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM). The risk group among adults includes people with chronic disease, the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, travelers, and healthcare workers. Influenza activity is affected by seasons, humidity, and latitude, leading to variability in influenza peaks in different regions of India. The most effective preventive intervention against influenza is vaccination. Current influenza vaccines have good safety profiles, vaccine efficacy, and acceptable cost-effectiveness. As the virus mutates, the vaccine composition should follow WHO recommendations for the current influenza season. Introducing readily available, conventional, and less expensive trivalent influenza vaccines under the national program can achieve maximum impact on the adult population and potentially prevent future outbreaks and pandemics. IAPSM recommends considering routine use of IIV for all individuals above 60 years, adults with comorbidities, and pregnant women in India. The program managers should consider the pattern of influenza seasonality in a particular region. Influenza surveillance conducted through a structured network of laboratories in India has the potential to provide information about circulating strains, morbidity, and mortality. IAPSM emphasizes conducting community-based studies regarding influenza's burden, vaccine efficacy, timing of vaccination, and cost-effectiveness among Indian adults to generate evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S146-S152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Past, present, and way forward.","authors":"Ramashankar Rath, Pradip Kharya, Aroop Mohanty, Anil R Koparkar, Anand M Dixit, Hari Shanker Joshi, Vivek Hada","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_769_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_769_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the important public health problems across the world. Low-middle-income countries are facing the problem more strongly than the high-income countries. AMR is likely to increase the cost of healthcare expenditure over the years. Over the years, various factors like unprecedented use of the antimicrobials in humans, animals, and plants or vegetations and over-the-counter sell of the antibiotics without prescription along with poor sanitation have led to the development and transfer of AMR across the various animal groups. To tackle the issue of the AMR in the country, the Government of India has launched the national program for containment of AMR in 2013 with six identified domains. A containment plan is currently being executed but yet to achieve the full extent as intended. Programmatic consideration aimed to address all the components of AMR development of AMR and its transmission across all levels of health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S222-S227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Health Revolution in India: Transforming Health and Medicine.","authors":"Rishabh Kumar Rana, Neelesh Kapoor, Dewesh Kumar, Madhur Verma, Gunjan Taneja","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_803_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_803_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital innovation and its integration in various parts of lifestyle are inevitable as humans have started to evolve over time. Its integration in our health and various systems is irrefutable. In this position paper, we explore the various aspects of this important component of technology, discuss its evolution over time, discuss the various existing modalities, highlight the regulatory frameworks in India, and elaborate on the different ways it can be integrated in our country's future health plans. We believe digital health is here to stay and play important role in shaping our lives in terms of our accessibility and other interactions related to health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S205-S209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IAPSM's Position Paper on Typhoid Vaccines for Adult Immunization in India.","authors":"Kapil Goel, Madhur Verma, Nikita Sharma, Swayam Pragyan Parida, Anu Bhardwaj, Anuradha Nadda, Sahil Sharma, Arunima Sen, Jacob John, Adarsh Bansal, Madhu Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_740_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_740_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Typhoid is a major public health concern in India, particularly among those dwelling in urban slums with poor sanitation. The disease caused by <i>Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi</i> spread majorly through contaminated food and water. The economic burden of the disease is catastrophic and affects both families and the government making a strong case for including typhoid vaccines in the national immunization schedule. The World Health Organization has prequalified several vaccines and has recommended their use in endemic areas. While there is robust evidence for vaccination of children from India and other LMICs, the case for adult vaccination remains less clear. The Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine acknowledges the necessity to adopt a widespread typhoid immunization program, along with other preventive strategies, especially in the vulnerable pockets. IAPSM recommends focusing on newer-generation Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines (TCVs), which provide long-lasting and superior immunological benefits, and are effective across all ages including adults. IAPSM suggests routine use of Typbar-TCV™ for adults up to 45 years old in India. The organization also highlights the necessity for post-marketing surveillance of these vaccines, to monitor the long-term safety and effectiveness of various vaccines in different communities. IAPSM encourages members to take front-line efforts in their community health service areas, and finally appeals for the development of vaccines to cover a more extensive range of Salmonella infections so that control over typhoid can be strengthened.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S139-S145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribal Health: A Public Health Exigency and Road Map to Future.","authors":"Monalisha Sahu, Anit Kujur, Vinayagamoorthy Venugopal, Parag Govil, Ratnesh Sinha, Medha Mathur, Tanveer Rehman, Rishabh Kumar Rana, Dewesh Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_807_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_807_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tribal health is a special concern for India as it has not been addressed holistically in last 75 years of post-independence era. The evidence of present status of health of tribal people which constitutes more than 8.6% of total population is not convincing. Although the information available in bits and pieces shows a dismal picture of their health. They suffer from triple burden of disease and the morbidity profile is poorer than the non-tribal population. Though the tribal people have poor health but it was assumed that uniform national pattern of healthcare would address their unmet health needs. The different terrain, different social environment, and different culture make their healthcare needs different and hence their health remains an unsolved problem. Although, there has been push from government toward their health but a holistic approach to understand their need is important. Collaborative partnerships between tribal communities, healthcare providers, and government agencies are essential to developing culturally appropriate and sustainable solutions that honor their traditional knowledge and provide modern healthcare to them which is accessible and acceptable to them.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 Suppl 2","pages":"S217-S221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Abdominal Obesity and Diabetes among the Adult Tribal Population in Tamil Nadu.","authors":"Kalaivanan Ramamoorthy, Logaraj Muthunarayanan, M Palanivel Sundaram, M Devivaraprasad, V V Anantharaman","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_899_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_899_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previously overweight and obesity are considered to be an issue of high-income countries but now increasingly becoming more prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries. Obesity and overweight are growing health issues in India. It is important to determine the quantum of the risk contribution by individual risk factor siuch as abdominal obesity.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To find out the association of abdominal obesity and diabetes among the adult tribal population.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage random sampling techniques. Using a pretested validated modified Stepwise questionnaire, a detailed interview with the participants aged above 30 years were performed. Random blood sugar and anthropometric parameters were estimated for all the participants. Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were used to study association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of abdominal obesity was 49.6% [211] among the study participants. Prevalence of diabetes was 7.8% [33] among the study population and 92.2% [392] of them were nondiabetic. Normal WHR was seen among 27.3% [9] of the diabetic individuals. High WHR was seen among 72.7% [24] of diabetic individuals. Gender, Illiterate, BMI, and waist-hip ratio shows significant association with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in the study population. As this burden among tribal people is on the increasing trend when compared with other general populations, effective strategies to prevent this have to be devised among the tribal population.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 6","pages":"826-830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}