International Social Security Review最新文献

{"title":"Introduction: Emergency basic income: Distraction or opportunity?","authors":"Jurgen De Wispelaere,&nbsp;Troy Henderson","doi":"10.1111/issr.12357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This themed issue, guest-edited by Jurgen De Wispelaere and Troy Henderson<i>,</i> is devoted to examining, first, whether the widespread use of immediate and unconditional cash transfers as a policy response to the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis has provided a boost to cash transfer programmes generally and to emergency basic income (EBI) policies more specifically. The set of articles then charts the reception of EBI-type policies as a pandemic response in specific country or regional contexts, and reflects on their relevance for the future development of universal social protection and, especially, universal basic income (UBI). While the contribution to be made by basic income to realizing resilient and agile social protection policy responses merits serious consideration, in particular in a context where existing social protection systems are patchy and fragmented, important questions remain as to how to evaluate the time-limited EBI crisis response in light of the more durable needs which a permanent UBI purports to address.</p><p>Cette édition thématique spéciale, dirigée par les auteurs invités Jurgen De Wispelaere et Troy Henderson, est consacrée à l’examen, dans un premier temps, de la question de savoir si l’utilisation généralisée de transferts monétaires immédiats et inconditionnels en tant que réponse politique aux impacts socio-économiques de la crise due à la COVID-19 a donné un nouvel élan aux programmes de transferts en espèces en général, et aux politiques de revenu de base d’urgence en particulier. La série d’articles décrit ensuite l’accueil réservé aux politiques proposant un revenu de base d’urgence en réponse à la pandémie dans des contextes nationaux ou régionaux spécifiques, et réfléchit à leur utilité pour les futurs développements de la protection sociale universelle et, notamment, du revenu de base universel. Si la contribution du revenu de base à la mise en place de politiques de protection sociale résilientes et souples mérite d’être sérieusement envisagée, en particulier dans un contexte où les systèmes de protection sociale existants sont inégaux et fragmentés, d’importantes questions subsistent quant à la manière d’évaluer la réponse à la crise limitée dans le temps apportée par le revenu de base universel à la lumière des besoins plus durables qu’un revenu de base universel permanent vise à satisfaire.</p><p>En este número temático especial, editado por los autores invitados Jurgen De Wispelaere y Troy Henderson<i>,</i> se analiza en primer lugar si el uso extendido de las transferencias en efectivo inmediatas y no condicionadas como respuesta política a los efectos socioeconómicos de la crisis de COVID<b>‑</b>19 ha impulsado los programas de transferencias en efectivo en general y las políticas de renta básica de emergencia (<i>Emergency Basic Income</i>, EBI) en particular. A continuación, en el conjunto de artículos se describe la acogida que tuvieron las políticas de renta básica de emergenci","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity within universality: Explaining pandemic universal cash transfers in East Asia","authors":"Young Jun Choi,&nbsp;Hye Sang Noh,&nbsp;Seon Hoe Han,&nbsp;Ugo Gentilini","doi":"10.1111/issr.12355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The response to the global COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a surge in short-term universal cash transfer programmes around the world. Notably, East Asian high-income economies have been at the forefront of these initiatives. While the innovative nature of these universal cash injections has been emphasized, there is limited documentation regarding their characteristics, prospects, and underlying motivations. This article sheds light on the domestic political and institutional processes that led to the implementation and design of universal cash transfers in Hong Kong (China), Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore and Taiwan (China). Overall, the analysis reveals that, within the framework of universality, a nuanced, diverse and dynamic set of operational choices emerge. A range of factors shaped the adoption and evolution of these programmes, including, for example, political pressures stemming from political party competition and efforts to maintain political legitimacy. In general, design parameters are not only defined in technocratic terms, but are negotiated politically.</p><p>La réponse à la pandémie mondiale de COVID-19 a suscité l’essor des programmes de transferts monétaires universels à court terme dans le monde entier. Les économies à revenu élevé d’Asie de l’Est ont notamment été à l’avant-garde de ces initiatives. Bien que la nature innovante de ces allocations universelles ait été soulignée, il existe peu de publications détaillant leurs caractéristiques, leurs perspectives et leurs motivations sous-jacentes. Cet article met en lumière les processus politiques et institutionnels nationaux qui ont conduit à la mise en œuvre et à la conception de transferts monétaires universels à Hong Kong (Chine), au Japon, en République de Corée, à Singapour et à Taïwan (Chine). Dans l’ensemble, l’analyse révèle que, dans le cadre de l’universalité, un ensemble nuancé, diversifié et dynamique de choix opérationnels émerge. Une série de facteurs ont façonné l’adoption et l’évolution de ces programmes, y compris, par exemple, les pressions politiques découlant de la concurrence entre les partis politiques et les efforts visant à maintenir la légitimité politique. De manière générale, les paramètres de conception ne sont pas seulement définis en termes technocratiques, mais sont négociés au niveau politique.</p><p>Como respuesta ante la pandemia de COVID<b>‑</b>19, en varios lugares del mundo se pusieron en marcha una gran cantidad de programas de transferencias en efectivo universales a corto plazo, en especial en países de Asia Oriental con ingresos altos, los cuales encabezaron estas iniciativas. Si bien se ha hecho hincapié en la naturaleza innovadora de estas inyecciones de efectivo universales, apenas se han documentado sus características, perspectivas y motivos subyacentes. En este artículo se describen los procesos nacionales de índole política e institucional que se siguieron para elaborar y poner en práctica las transferencias en efectivo u","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laenen, Tijs. The popularity of basic income: Evidence from the polls. London, Palgrave Macmillan. 2023. 347 pp. ISBN 9783031293511.","authors":"Joe Chrisp","doi":"10.1111/issr.12350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of an emergency basic income: Lessons from the Latin American experience to confront the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Claudia Robles,&nbsp;Bernardo Atuesta,&nbsp;Raquel Santos Garcia","doi":"10.1111/issr.12359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article provides a brief overview of the social impacts of the COVID-19 crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean, presenting how these are intertwined with a structural deficit of social protection systems. It also describes the main features of the emergency social protection responses adopted by Latin American countries that are relevant to the ongoing debate on an emergency basic income. Finally, it discusses the role, implications, and challenges in implementing an emergency basic income as a sustainable entitlement, embedded in the social protection system, to be activated in times of crisis.</p><p>Cet article donne un aperçu des impacts sociaux de la crise du COVID-19 en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes, et montre comment ces impacts sont liés à un déficit structurel des systèmes de protection sociale. Il décrit également les principales caractéristiques des mesures de protection sociale d’urgence adoptées par les pays d’Amérique latine, qui sont pertinentes pour le débat en cours sur le revenu de base d’urgence. Enfin, il examine le rôle, les implications et les défis de la mise en œuvre d’un revenu de base d’urgence en tant que droit durable, intégré au système de protection sociale, et à activer en temps de crise.</p><p>En el artículo se presentan brevemente las repercusiones sociales de la crisis de la COVID<b>‑</b>19 en América Latina y el Caribe, y se explica su relación con el déficit estructural de los sistemas de protección social. Asimismo, se describen las principales características de las medidas de protección social que se adoptaron en los países de América Latina y que resultan pertinentes para el debate en curso sobre una renta básica de emergencia. Por último, se analiza el papel de la renta básica de emergencia, así como las consecuencias y los desafíos que se plantean al ponerla en marcha en época de crisis como derecho sostenible integrado en un sistema de protección social.</p><p>Der Artikel liefert einen kurzen Überblick über die sozialen Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise in Lateinamerika und in der Karibik und zeigt auf, wie diese mit den strukturellen Defiziten der dortigen Systeme der sozialen Sicherheit zusammenhängen. Ebenso beschrieben werden die wichtigsten Merkmale der in Lateinamerika eingeleiteten Sozialschutzmaßnahmen, die für die aktuelle Debatte über ein Notfall-Grundeinkommen von Belang sein könnten. Abschließend werden die Rolle, die Auswirkungen und die Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung eines Notfall-Grundeinkommens als nachhaltige, im System der sozialen Sicherheit verankerter ständiger Anspruch erörtert, der in Krisenzeiten angewendet werden kann.</p><p>В данной статье представлен краткий обзор социальных последствий кризиса COVID-19 в Латинской Америке и Карибском бассейне, во взаимосвязи с проблемами структурного дефицита систем социальной защиты. В статье также описываются основные отличительные черты мер экстренной социальной защиты, принятых странами Латинской Америки, обсуждение кото","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What role for emergency basic income in building and strengthening rights-based universal social protection systems?","authors":"Ian Orton,&nbsp;Kroum Markov,&nbsp;Maya Plaza-Stern","doi":"10.1111/issr.12358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the COVID-19 pandemic there were a great many social protection policy responses. There were also calls for emergency basic income (EBI) to be adopted as a mitigation response. However, it seems that only one country adopted an EBI. Nonetheless, EBI is likely to feature in future policy discussion and action, especially as a crisis-mitigation tool. This has implications for the future of rights-based social protection. Consequently, this article aims to examine whether EBI would comply with international social security standards and whether it could contribute to building and strengthening rights-based universal social protection systems.</p><p>Lors de la pandémie de COVID-19, les réponses politiques en matière de protection sociale ont été très nombreuses. Des appels ont également été lancés en faveur de l’adoption d’un revenu de base d’urgence pour atténuer les effets de la pandémie. Malgré ces appels, il semble qu’un seul pays ait réellement instauré un revenu de base d’urgence. Néanmoins, le revenu de base d’urgence est susceptible de figurer dans les discussions et les actions politiques futures, en particulier en tant qu’outil d’atténuation des crises. Cela a des implications pour l’avenir de la protection sociale fondée sur les droits. Par conséquent, cet article vise à examiner si le revenu de base d’urgence serait conforme aux normes internationales de sécurité sociale et s’il pourrait contribuer à la construction et au renforcement de systèmes de protection sociale universelle fondés sur les droits.</p><p>Durante la pandemia de COVID<b>‑</b>19 se pusieron en marcha una gran cantidad de respuestas políticas de protección social. También se solicitó que se creara la renta básica de emergencia como medida de mitigación, si bien parece que esta renta se adoptó solamente en un país. A pesar de este dato, es probable que la renta básica de emergencia tenga presencia en los posteriores debates e intervenciones de índole política, sobre todo como herramienta para mitigar las crisis, lo que repercutirá en la protección social basada en los derechos que se desarrolle en el futuro. En consecuencia, en este artículo se pretende analizar si la renta básica de emergencia se ajustaría a las normas de seguridad social internacionales y si contribuiría a crear y reforzar los sistemas de protección social universal basados en los derechos.</p><p>Während der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden zahlreiche Sozialschutzmaßnahmen eingeführt. Zugleich wurden auch Forderungen nach einer Unterstützungsmaßnahme in Form eines Notfall-Grundeinkommens (<i>Emergency Basic Income</i> – EBI) laut. Offenbar hat jedoch nur ein Land tatsächlich ein Notfall-Grundeinkommen eingeführt. Dennoch dürfte dies weiterhin auf politischer Ebene diskutiert und eingesetzt werden, insbesondere zur Krisenbewältigung. Dies hat auch Folgen für die Zukunft des rechtebasierten Sozialschutzes. In diesem Artikel soll daher untersucht werden, ob ein Notfall-Grundeinkommen im Einklang mit inter","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeding policy: Viral cash and the diverse trajectories of basic income in the United States","authors":"Marc Doussard","doi":"10.1111/issr.12353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, cities in the United States of America developed more that 100 basic income pilots. This article examines the heretofore hidden impact of the pandemic on the future extension of basic income programmes at the sub-national level. While the super-majoritarian requirements of United States federal policy making keep the possibility of national-level basic income remote, several features of basic income, including unconditional cash transfers and broad programme eligibility, have emerged as viable tools in state and local policy. Drawing on an inventory of basic income pilots and interviews with policy entrepreneurs, this article defines and then examines the phenomenon of “viral cash” and assesses the probability that the wave of basic income pilots will continue to grow after the pandemic. Conventional approaches to evaluating the diffusion of policies across jurisdictions focus squarely on policy. Appraising viral cash’s future requires a shift to following the advocacy networks who move, adapt and combine basic income with other programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/issr.12353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending coverage to migrant workers to advance universal social protection","authors":"Samia Kazi‐Aoul, Clara van Panhuys, Mariano Brener, Raúl Ruggia‐Frick","doi":"10.1111/issr.12343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12343","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is a complex phenomenon that has significant implications for migrant workers’ access to social protection and for social security systems in both origin and destination countries. As the number of migrants continues to rise worldwide, policy makers face a multitude of challenges in adapting social protection programmes to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population. This article explores the relationship between migration and social protection, highlighting key issues and trends that have emerged in recent years. It examines the impact of migration on social security systems in both sending and receiving countries and reports on the ways in which migration patterns can create both opportunities and challenges for these systems. The article provides an overview of social protection measures and gaps in selected countries and considers the need for policy makers to take account of the unique needs and circumstances of migrant populations. The article also explores the role of international cooperation in addressing the social protection challenges and opportunities posed by migration. It considers some of the emerging trends and innovations to support the governance of social protection schemes that may help to address some of the legal and practical challenges faced by migrant workers and social security institutions. The article highlights the importance of understanding the complex relationship between migration and social protection to develop policies and programmes that are responsive to the needs of all members of society, regardless of their country of origin or immigration status. It also underlines the importance of quality administration and good governance for the effective implementation of social protection measures. In support of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals agenda, a call is made for continued dialogue and collaboration among policy makers and stakeholders to ensure that social security systems are equitable, effective, inclusive, and sustainable in an increasingly globalized world.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social protection for refugees and migrants: Examining access to benefits and labour market interventions","authors":"Karin Seyfert, Héctor Alonso","doi":"10.1111/issr.12347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12347","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the current practices for providing social protection to refugees and migrants, focusing primarily on low‐ and middle‐income (LMICs) destination countries. It examines formal providers of social protection, including state institutions, development agencies and humanitarian organizations. In recent years, there has been an increase in funding from multilateral donors, especially in the context of the COVID–19 pandemic, leading to the establishment of national assistance programmes in LMICs that also encompass refugees and to a lesser extent migrant workers. International agencies play a crucial role in providing humanitarian cash assistance to refugees, given their status under international protection under the 1951 Refugee Convention and related protocols. Access to social insurance remains tied to formal employment. Social insurance entitlements for migrants are often restricted and refugees are typically excluded from formal employment in LMICs. Regarding labour market interventions, refugees and migrants are often excluded from national programmes, with migrants’ residence permits being often tied to employment. For refugees, international agencies take a prominent role in providing livelihood programmes aimed at enhancing income‐generating opportunities, economic inclusion and financial independence. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear, lacking rigorous evidence, and often being short‐term with limited coverage.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index for 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/issr.12344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaving no one behind: A case for inclusive social protection for displaced children","authors":"Nupur Kukrety, Daniela Knoppik","doi":"10.1111/issr.12349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issr.12349","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) outlines the rights for every child, including the right to benefit from social security and the right to a standard of living adequate for their physical, mental, spiritual, moral, and social development. The UNCRC is the most widely ratified human rights treaty to date. However, millions of children continue to be denied their rights and face poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion, merely because they are displaced – internally or across borders. Children bear the heaviest burden of displacement, despite not being responsible for its triggers. This reality underlines that a significant population is being “left behind”, threatening progress to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals as part of international efforts to end poverty and ensure all people enjoy peace and prosperity. This article advocates for inclusive social protection systems for displaced children by highlighting the difficulties they encounter, emphasizing the potential benefits of social protection, and assessing the current status of inclusive social protection for this vulnerable group. Drawing on emerging lessons from UNICEF’s experience across several refugee and internal displacement contexts, such as Brazil, Ethiopia, Slovakia, and Türkiye, the article also offers recommendations to strengthen inclusive social protection systems specifically tailored to meet the humanitarian and development needs of displaced children.","PeriodicalId":44996,"journal":{"name":"International Social Security Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}