Perspectives on Behavior Science最新文献_第7页

The Nonconcurrent Multiple-Baseline Design: It is What it is and Not Something Else. 非并发多基线设计:它就是它，而不是别的什么。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00343-0

Craig H Kennedy

引用次数: 0

The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein's Monster. IRAP作为内隐认知的测量:一个弗兰肯斯坦怪物的例子。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00352-z

Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Colin Harte

{"title":"The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein's Monster.","authors":"Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Colin Harte","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00352-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-022-00352-z","url":null,"abstract":"The implicit relational assessment procedure (IRAP) was initially developed as a way to assess the strength and probability of natural verbal relations, as defined within relational frame theory (RFT), and was conceptually rooted within the behavior-analytic tradition. However, the IRAP quickly became employed primarily as a measure of implicit cognition, more in line with mainstream psychology than behavior analysis. In doing so, research using the IRAP increasingly employed ill-defined mainstream psychological terms, focused on correlational analyses with traditional psychometry, and thus emphasized prediction over the prediction-and-influence of behavior. Although perhaps beneficial to the study of implicit cognition, this approach could be argued to have limited the IRAP's utility in behavior analyses of human language and cognition. In the current article we will reflect on this suggestion, on the IRAPs place and current use in the field of behavior analysis, and on its potential future within behavioral psychology in light of recent conceptual and empirical advances in RFT. In doing so, it is hoped that the measure may be refined into a better understood, more precise, functional-analytic tool.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458800/pdf/40614_2022_Article_352.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A Systematic Review of Treatment Maintenance Strategies in Token Economies: Implications for Contingency Management. 代币经济中治疗维持策略的系统回顾：对应急管理的启示》。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 eCollection Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00358-7

Sean D Regnier, Haily K Traxler, Amanda Devoto, Anthony DeFulio

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Treatment Maintenance Strategies in Token Economies: Implications for Contingency Management.","authors":"Sean D Regnier, Haily K Traxler, Amanda Devoto, Anthony DeFulio","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00358-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00358-7","url":null,"abstract":"Contingency management (CM) interventions are based on operant principles and are effective in promoting health behaviors. Despite their success, a common criticism of CM is that its effects to not persist after the intervention is withdrawn. Many CM studies evaluate posttreatment effects, but few investigate procedures for promoting maintenance. Token economy interventions and CM interventions are procedurally and conceptually similar. The token economy literature includes many studies in which procedures for promoting postintervention maintenance are evaluated. A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize the literature on treatment maintenance in token economies. Search procedures yielded 697 articles, and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in 37 articles for review. The most successful strategy is to combine procedures. In most cases, thinning or fading was combined with programmed transfer of control via social reinforcement or self-management. Social reinforcement and self-monitoring procedures appear to be especially important, and were included in 70% of studies involving combined approaches. Thus, our primary recommendation is to incorporate multiple maintenance strategies, at least one of which should facilitate transfer of control of the target behavior to other reinforcers. In addition, graded removal of the intervention, which has also been evaluated to a limited extent in CM, is a reasonable candidate for further development and evaluation. Direct comparisons of maintenance procedures are lacking, and should be considered a research priority in both domains. Researchers and clinicians interested in either type of intervention will likely benefit from ongoing attention to developments in both areas.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9712881/pdf/40614_2022_Article_358.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Teaching the History of Applied Behavior Analysis. 教授应用行为分析的历史。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-08-12 eCollection Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00354-x

Cody Morris, Stephanie M Peterson

引用次数: 0

Revisiting an Analysis of Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple Baseline Designs. 重新审视多基线设计中内部有效性的威胁分析。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-07-26 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00351-0

Timothy A Slocum, P Raymond Joslyn, Beverly Nichols, Sarah E Pinkelman

{"title":"Revisiting an Analysis of Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple Baseline Designs.","authors":"Timothy A Slocum, P Raymond Joslyn, Beverly Nichols, Sarah E Pinkelman","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00351-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00351-0","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous article on threats to internal validity of multiple baseline design variations (Slocum et al., 2022), we argued that nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs (NCMB) are capable of rigorously demonstrating experimental control and should be considered equivalent to concurrent multiple baselines (CMB) in terms of internal validity. We were fortunate to receive five excellent commentaries on our article from experts in single-subject research design-four of whom endorsed the conclusion that NCMBs should be considered strong experimental designs capable of demonstrating experimental control. In the current article, we address the most salient points made in the five commentaries by further elaborating and clarifying the logic described in our original article. We address arguments related to classic threats including maturation, testing and session experience, and coincidental events (history). We rebut the notion that although NCMBs are strong, CMBs provide an increment of additional control and discuss the application of probability-based analysis of the likelihood of threats to internal validity. We conclude by emphasizing our agreement with many of the commentaries that selection of single-case experimental designs should be based on the myriad subtleties of research priorities and contextual factors rather than on a decontextualized hierarchy of designs.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commentary on Slocum et al. (2022): Additional Considerations for Evaluating Experimental Control. 对 Slocum 等人（2022 年）的评论：评估实验控制的其他考虑因素。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-07-21 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00346-x

Sean W Smith, Faris R Kronfli, Timothy R Vollmer

{"title":"Commentary on Slocum et al. (2022): Additional Considerations for Evaluating Experimental Control.","authors":"Sean W Smith, Faris R Kronfli, Timothy R Vollmer","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00346-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00346-x","url":null,"abstract":"In the target article, Slocum et al. (2022) suggested that nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs can provide internal validity comparable to concurrent multiple baseline designs. We provide further support for this assertion; however, we highlight additional considerations for determining the relative strength of each design. We advocate for a more nuanced approach to evaluating design strength and less reliance on strict adherence to a specific set of rules because the details of the design only matter insofar as they help researchers convince others that the results are valid and accurate. We provide further support for Slocum et al.'s argument by emphasizing the relatively low probability that within-tier comparisons would fail to identify confounds. We also extend this logic to suggest that staggering implementation of the independent variable across tiers may be an unnecessary design feature in certain cases. In addition, we provide an argument that nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs may provide verification within baseline logic contrary to arguments made by previous researchers. Despite our general support for Slocum et al.'s assertions and our advocacy for more nuanced approaches to determining the strength of experimental designs, we urge experimenters to consider the perspectives of researchers from other fields who may favor concurrent multiple-baseline designs and suggest that using concurrent multiple-baseline designs when feasible may foster dissemination of behavior analytic research.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458778/pdf/40614_2022_Article_346.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10205648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confluence of Science and History in the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Course. 行为课程实验分析中的科学与历史融合。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-07-07 eCollection Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00348-9

Kennon A Lattal

{"title":"Confluence of Science and History in the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Course.","authors":"Kennon A Lattal","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00348-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00348-9","url":null,"abstract":"This is a review of content and method for incorporating the history of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) into the EAB course, although the material also could be adapted for any course related to the topics of learning and behavior change, or the history of psychology. Six elements associated with establishing a new discipline are considered as a framework for introducing the history of EAB: the intellectual leader/founding scientist(s), early proponents of the new area who advance and elaborate on the founder's ideas, the cultural context in which the discipline develops, a set of methods, a textbook, and means of communicating with other, similarly inclined scientists. The historical ebb and flow of research and some of the reasons for these shifts are discussed next, with examples of EAB research themes that have shifted over time. Illustrating the history of EAB with specific milestone experiments seems a useful way to both introduce substantive research and its history. To that end, milestone experiments in EAB are discussed. The review ends with considerations about locating historical material within the EAB course.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9712869/pdf/40614_2022_Article_348.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Correction: A Theory of the Extinction Burst. 更正:灭绝爆发理论。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-07-06 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00350-1

Timothy A Shahan

引用次数: 0

Honoring Uncontrolled Events: Commentary on Slocum et al. 纪念失控事件：对 Slocum 等人的评论

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-06-21 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00345-y

Robert H Horner, Wendy Machalicek

引用次数: 0

A Theory of the Extinction Burst. 灭绝爆发理论。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-06-08 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00340-3

Timothy A Shahan

{"title":"A Theory of the Extinction Burst.","authors":"Timothy A Shahan","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00340-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00340-3","url":null,"abstract":"A preliminary theory of a temporary increase in the rate of an operant response with the transition to extinction (i.e., the extinction burst) is proposed. The theory assumes reinforcers are events permitting access to some valuable activity, and that such activity can compete for allocation with the target response under some conditions (e.g., very high reinforcement rates). With the transition to extinction, elimination of this competition for allocation can produce an increase in the the target response, but the increase is transient because the value of the target response decreases with exposure to extinction. The theory provides a way to understand why the extinction burst is not ubiquitous, seems more common following very small ratio schedules, occurs for a short period of time following the transition to extinction, and may be eliminated with the availability of alternative reinforcement. It appears to provide a reasonable starting point for a theory of the extinction burst that does not necessarily require inclusion of invigorating effects of frustration, and it is closely aligned with Resurgence as Choice theory. Additional research on factors modulating reinforcement-related activities and how they affect the extinction burst could help to further evaluate the theory.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458838/pdf/40614_2022_Article_340.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9968920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0