Perspectives on Behavior Science最新文献_第6页

Trauma-Informed Care for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: From Disparity to Policies for Effective Action. 智力和发育障碍患者的创伤知情护理：从差异到有效行动政策。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-28 eCollection Date: 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00359-6

Elizabeth J Houck, Joseph D Dracobly

{"title":"Trauma-Informed Care for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: From Disparity to Policies for Effective Action.","authors":"Elizabeth J Houck, Joseph D Dracobly","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00359-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00359-6","url":null,"abstract":"People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are an often overlooked minority population. They experience significant health disparities and a high risk of exposure to traumatic events that can lead to stress-related disorders. Access to effective treatments for stress-related disorders is limited for people with ID due to a lack of appropriate assessments and common communication deficits. We discuss and analyze four factors that have led to these disparities: (1) historical segregation; (2) society's response to identification of trauma in vulnerable populations; (3) lack of accessible assessments and treatments for stress disorders in people with ID; and (4) communication deficits common in people with ID. Based on this analysis, we suggest behavior analysts advocate for policy development that would (1) increase acknowledgement of trauma in people with ID and mandate sharing of information about trauma across providers; (2) require observable and measurable goals be included in the assessment and treatment of trauma-related behavior change; and (3) increase funding for services and research in this area.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"67-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10050265/pdf/40614_2022_Article_359.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Case for Observability. 可观察性的案例。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00344-z

Ioannis Bampaloukas

{"title":"A Case for Observability.","authors":"Ioannis Bampaloukas","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00344-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-022-00344-z","url":null,"abstract":"Observability is a tricky concept that has been used by philosophers and scientists in an inconsistent and vague way. In this article a reformulation and operational analysis (as used by Skinner, 1945) of this concept is proposed and its implications are discussed. According to the view presented in this article, observation is defined as the act of making contact with a natural phenomenon and should not be conflated with observability, which is defined as the potential to make contact with a natural phenomenon. On the basis of our current faculties and tools, observability may be divided into four levels, labeled as (1) public, (2) private, (3) technology-enhanced, and (4) conceptual. Conceptual observability (typically referred to as interpretation) is especially important for scientific purposes, as long as it is informed by observations conducted at the other levels. Entities that fail to classify in those categories should be considered unobservable. It is further suggested that because all natural phenomena by definition lie within the observability spectrum, the notion of existence might be restated in terms of observability. An observability-based truth criterion is also proposed, according to which a statement may be considered true insofar it tacts (i.e., is controlled by) an observable event or series of events. Last, some implications of the present conceptualization of observability for putative psychological entities will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"45 3","pages":"579-596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458833/pdf/40614_2022_Article_344.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10007922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pediatric Pain and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Implications for Research and Practice in Behavior Analysis. 儿童疼痛和神经发育障碍:行为分析研究和实践的意义。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00347-w

Ciobha A McKeown, Timothy R Vollmer, Michael J Cameron, Liz Kinsella, Sheida Shaibani

引用次数: 1

The Nonconcurrent Multiple-Baseline Design: It is What it is and Not Something Else. 非并发多基线设计:它就是它，而不是别的什么。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00343-0

Craig H Kennedy

引用次数: 0

The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein's Monster. IRAP作为内隐认知的测量:一个弗兰肯斯坦怪物的例子。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00352-z

Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Colin Harte

{"title":"The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein's Monster.","authors":"Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Colin Harte","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00352-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-022-00352-z","url":null,"abstract":"The implicit relational assessment procedure (IRAP) was initially developed as a way to assess the strength and probability of natural verbal relations, as defined within relational frame theory (RFT), and was conceptually rooted within the behavior-analytic tradition. However, the IRAP quickly became employed primarily as a measure of implicit cognition, more in line with mainstream psychology than behavior analysis. In doing so, research using the IRAP increasingly employed ill-defined mainstream psychological terms, focused on correlational analyses with traditional psychometry, and thus emphasized prediction over the prediction-and-influence of behavior. Although perhaps beneficial to the study of implicit cognition, this approach could be argued to have limited the IRAP's utility in behavior analyses of human language and cognition. In the current article we will reflect on this suggestion, on the IRAPs place and current use in the field of behavior analysis, and on its potential future within behavioral psychology in light of recent conceptual and empirical advances in RFT. In doing so, it is hoped that the measure may be refined into a better understood, more precise, functional-analytic tool.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"45 3","pages":"559-578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458800/pdf/40614_2022_Article_352.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A Systematic Review of Treatment Maintenance Strategies in Token Economies: Implications for Contingency Management. 代币经济中治疗维持策略的系统回顾：对应急管理的启示》。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 eCollection Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00358-7

Sean D Regnier, Haily K Traxler, Amanda Devoto, Anthony DeFulio

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Treatment Maintenance Strategies in Token Economies: Implications for Contingency Management.","authors":"Sean D Regnier, Haily K Traxler, Amanda Devoto, Anthony DeFulio","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00358-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00358-7","url":null,"abstract":"Contingency management (CM) interventions are based on operant principles and are effective in promoting health behaviors. Despite their success, a common criticism of CM is that its effects to not persist after the intervention is withdrawn. Many CM studies evaluate posttreatment effects, but few investigate procedures for promoting maintenance. Token economy interventions and CM interventions are procedurally and conceptually similar. The token economy literature includes many studies in which procedures for promoting postintervention maintenance are evaluated. A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize the literature on treatment maintenance in token economies. Search procedures yielded 697 articles, and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in 37 articles for review. The most successful strategy is to combine procedures. In most cases, thinning or fading was combined with programmed transfer of control via social reinforcement or self-management. Social reinforcement and self-monitoring procedures appear to be especially important, and were included in 70% of studies involving combined approaches. Thus, our primary recommendation is to incorporate multiple maintenance strategies, at least one of which should facilitate transfer of control of the target behavior to other reinforcers. In addition, graded removal of the intervention, which has also been evaluated to a limited extent in CM, is a reasonable candidate for further development and evaluation. Direct comparisons of maintenance procedures are lacking, and should be considered a research priority in both domains. Researchers and clinicians interested in either type of intervention will likely benefit from ongoing attention to developments in both areas.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"45 4","pages":"819-861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9712881/pdf/40614_2022_Article_358.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Teaching the History of Applied Behavior Analysis. 教授应用行为分析的历史。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-08-12 eCollection Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00354-x

Cody Morris, Stephanie M Peterson

引用次数: 0

Commentary on Slocum et al. (2022): Additional Considerations for Evaluating Experimental Control. 对 Slocum 等人（2022 年）的评论：评估实验控制的其他考虑因素。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-07-21 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00346-x

Sean W Smith, Faris R Kronfli, Timothy R Vollmer

{"title":"Commentary on Slocum et al. (2022): Additional Considerations for Evaluating Experimental Control.","authors":"Sean W Smith, Faris R Kronfli, Timothy R Vollmer","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00346-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00346-x","url":null,"abstract":"In the target article, Slocum et al. (2022) suggested that nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs can provide internal validity comparable to concurrent multiple baseline designs. We provide further support for this assertion; however, we highlight additional considerations for determining the relative strength of each design. We advocate for a more nuanced approach to evaluating design strength and less reliance on strict adherence to a specific set of rules because the details of the design only matter insofar as they help researchers convince others that the results are valid and accurate. We provide further support for Slocum et al.'s argument by emphasizing the relatively low probability that within-tier comparisons would fail to identify confounds. We also extend this logic to suggest that staggering implementation of the independent variable across tiers may be an unnecessary design feature in certain cases. In addition, we provide an argument that nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs may provide verification within baseline logic contrary to arguments made by previous researchers. Despite our general support for Slocum et al.'s assertions and our advocacy for more nuanced approaches to determining the strength of experimental designs, we urge experimenters to consider the perspectives of researchers from other fields who may favor concurrent multiple-baseline designs and suggest that using concurrent multiple-baseline designs when feasible may foster dissemination of behavior analytic research.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"45 3","pages":"667-679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458778/pdf/40614_2022_Article_346.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10205648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confluence of Science and History in the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Course. 行为课程实验分析中的科学与历史融合。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-07-07 eCollection Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00348-9

Kennon A Lattal

{"title":"Confluence of Science and History in the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Course.","authors":"Kennon A Lattal","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00348-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-022-00348-9","url":null,"abstract":"This is a review of content and method for incorporating the history of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) into the EAB course, although the material also could be adapted for any course related to the topics of learning and behavior change, or the history of psychology. Six elements associated with establishing a new discipline are considered as a framework for introducing the history of EAB: the intellectual leader/founding scientist(s), early proponents of the new area who advance and elaborate on the founder's ideas, the cultural context in which the discipline develops, a set of methods, a textbook, and means of communicating with other, similarly inclined scientists. The historical ebb and flow of research and some of the reasons for these shifts are discussed next, with examples of EAB research themes that have shifted over time. Illustrating the history of EAB with specific milestone experiments seems a useful way to both introduce substantive research and its history. To that end, milestone experiments in EAB are discussed. The review ends with considerations about locating historical material within the EAB course.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"45 4","pages":"743-755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9712869/pdf/40614_2022_Article_348.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Honoring Uncontrolled Events: Commentary on Slocum et al. 纪念失控事件：对 Slocum 等人的评论

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-06-21 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00345-y

Robert H Horner, Wendy Machalicek

引用次数: 0