Perspectives on Behavior Science最新文献_第10页

Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple-Baseline Design Variations. 多基线设计变化对内部有效性的威胁。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-01-27 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00326-1

Timothy A Slocum, Sarah E Pinkelman, P Raymond Joslyn, Beverly Nichols

{"title":"Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple-Baseline Design Variations.","authors":"Timothy A Slocum, Sarah E Pinkelman, P Raymond Joslyn, Beverly Nichols","doi":"10.1007/s40614-022-00326-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-022-00326-1","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple baseline designs-both concurrent and nonconcurrent-are the predominant experimental design in modern applied behavior analytic research and are increasingly employed in other disciplines. In the past, there was significant controversy regarding the relative rigor of concurrent and nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs. The consensus in recent textbooks and methodological papers is that nonconcurrent designs are less rigorous than concurrent designs because of their presumed limited ability to address the threat of coincidental events (i.e., history). This skepticism of nonconcurrent designs stems from an emphasis on the importance of across-tier comparisons and relatively low importance placed on replicated within-tier comparisons for addressing threats to internal validity and establishing experimental control. In this article, we argue that the primary reliance on across-tier comparisons and the resulting deprecation of nonconcurrent designs are not well-justified. In this article, we first define multiple baseline designs, describe common threats to internal validity, and delineate the two bases for controlling these threats. Second, we briefly summarize historical methodological writing and current textbook treatment of these designs. Third, we explore how concurrent and nonconcurrent multiple baselines address each of the main threats to internal validity. Finally, we make recommendations for more rigorous use, reporting, and evaluation of multiple baseline designs.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":" ","pages":"619-638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9458807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33518031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Tutorial. A Behavioral Analysis of Rationality, Nudging, and Boosting: Implications for Policymaking. 教程。理性、引导和促进的行为分析：对决策的影响。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-01-26 eCollection Date: 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00324-9

Marco Tagliabue

{"title":"Tutorial. A Behavioral Analysis of Rationality, Nudging, and Boosting: Implications for Policymaking.","authors":"Marco Tagliabue","doi":"10.1007/s40614-021-00324-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-021-00324-9","url":null,"abstract":"As recent trends in policymaking call for increased contributions from behavioral science, nudging and boosting represent two effective and relatively economic approaches for influencing choice behavior. They utilize concepts from behavioral economics to affect agents' concurrent suboptimal choices: in principle, without applying coercion. However, most choice situations involve some coercive elements. This study features a functional analysis of rationality, nudging, and boosting applied to public policy. The relationship between behavior and environmental variables is termed a \"behavioral contingency,\" and the analysis can include social and cultural phenomena by applying a selectionist perspective. Principles of behavioral control, whether tight or loose, may be exerted by policymakers or regulators who subscribe to paternalistic principles and may be met with demands of libertarianism among their recipients. This warrants discussion of the legitimacy and likelihood of behavioral control and influence on choices. Cases and examples are provided for extending the unit of analysis of choice behavior to achieve outcomes regulated by policies at the individual and group levels, including health, climate, and education. Further research and intervention comprise the study of macrocontingencies and metacontingencies. Advancing the understanding and application of behavioral science to policymaking may, therefore, benefit from moving from the relatively independent contributions of behavioral economics and behavior analysis to an inclusive selectionist approach for addressing choice behavior and cultural practices.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"89-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8791424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9193515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applied Quantitative Analysis of Behavior: What It Is, and Why We Care-Introduction to the Special Section. 行为的应用定量分析：它是什么，我们为什么关心它--专栏简介。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2022-01-03 eCollection Date: 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00323-w

David P Jarmolowicz, Brian D Greer, Peter R Killeen, Sally L Huskinson

{"title":"Applied Quantitative Analysis of Behavior: What It Is, and Why We Care-Introduction to the Special Section.","authors":"David P Jarmolowicz, Brian D Greer, Peter R Killeen, Sally L Huskinson","doi":"10.1007/s40614-021-00323-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-021-00323-w","url":null,"abstract":"Science evolves from prior approximations of its current form. Interest in changes in species over time was not a new concept when Darwin made his famous voyage to the Galapagos Islands; concern with speciation stretches back throughout the history of modern thought. Behavioral science also does and must evolve. Such change can be difficult, but it can also yield great dividends. The focus of the current special section is on a common mutation that appears to have emerged across these areas and the critical features that define an emerging research area-applied quantitative analysis of behavior (AQAB). In this introduction to the \"Special Issue on Applications of Quantitative Methods,\" we will outline some of the common characteristics of research in this area, an exercise that will surely be outdated as the research area continues to progress. In doing so, we also describe how AQAB is relevant to theory, behavioral pharmacology, applied behavior analysis, and health behaviors. Finally, we provide a summary for the articles that appear in this special issue. The authors of these papers are all thinking outside the Skinner box, creating new tools and approaches, and testing them against relevant data. If we can keep up this evolution of methods and ideas, behavior analysis will regain its place at the head of the table!","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"503-516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8738785/pdf/40614_2021_Article_323.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10471971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing the Application and Use of Single-Case Research Designs: Reflections on Articles from the Special Issue. 推进个案研究设计的应用与运用——对特刊文章的思考

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-11-26 eCollection Date: 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00322-x

Robert H Horner, John Ferron

引用次数: 0

Monte Carlo Analyses for Single-Case Experimental Designs: An Untapped Resource for Applied Behavioral Researchers and Practitioners 蒙特卡罗分析的单一案例实验设计:一个未开发的资源应用行为研究人员和实践者

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00318-7

Jonathan E. Friedel, Alison D. Cox, Ann Galizio, Melissa J. Swisher, Megan L. Small, Sofia Perez

引用次数: 2

Student Procrastination on an E-learning Platform: From Individual Discounting to Group Behavior. 电子学习平台上的学生拖延:从个人折扣到群体行为。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-11-19 eCollection Date: 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00321-y

Michel B C Sokolowski, François Tonneau

{"title":"Student Procrastination on an E-learning Platform: From Individual Discounting to Group Behavior.","authors":"Michel B C Sokolowski, François Tonneau","doi":"10.1007/s40614-021-00321-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-021-00321-y","url":null,"abstract":"Most applied research on delay discounting has focused on substance use disorders, eating, or gambling. In comparison, the issue of procrastination has received little interest from quantitative behavior analysts. In the present study, conducted on an e-learning platform, a group of 295 psychology students completed a series of four tests. The students could choose the day and hour on which they completed the tests, the deadline for each test being separated from the previous one by a period of 30 days. Most students completed the test in the last days before the deadline. The group response profile across days, reminiscent of fixed-interval scalloping, was well described formally by a hyperbola, replicating previous results by Howell et al. (2006). Also, the students' individual degree of procrastination showed stability across tests, in accordance with the notion of discounting as a persistent behavioral trait, and was negatively correlated with the students' grades. Finally, the shape of the scallop observed at the group level was consistent with a lognormal density of individual degrees of impulsivity, as measured by people's delay-discounting parameter.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":" ","pages":"621-640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739410/pdf/40614_2021_Article_321.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39735644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Further Analysis of Advanced Quantitative Methods and Supplemental Interpretative Aids with Single-Case Experimental Designs. 进一步分析高级定量方法和单例实验设计的辅助解释工具。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-10-22 eCollection Date: 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00313-y

John Michael Falligant, Michael P Kranak, Louis P Hagopian

{"title":"Further Analysis of Advanced Quantitative Methods and Supplemental Interpretative Aids with Single-Case Experimental Designs.","authors":"John Michael Falligant, Michael P Kranak, Louis P Hagopian","doi":"10.1007/s40614-021-00313-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-021-00313-y","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable and accurate visual analysis of graphically depicted behavioral data acquired using single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) is integral to behavior-analytic research and practice. Researchers have developed a range of techniques to increase reliable and objective visual inspection of SCED data including visual interpretive guides, statistical techniques, and nonstatistical quantitative methods to objectify the visual-analytic interpretation of data to guide clinicians, and ensure a replicable data interpretation process in research. These structured data analytic practices are now more frequently used by behavior analysts and the subject of considerable research within the field of quantitative methods and behavior analysis. First, there are contemporaneous analytic methods that have preliminary support with simulated datasets, but have not been thoroughly examined with nonsimulated clinical datasets. There are a number of relatively new techniques that have preliminary support (e.g., fail-safe k), but require additional research. Other analytic methods (e.g., dual-criteria and conservative dual criteria) have more extensive support, but have infrequently been compared against other analytic methods. Across three studies, we examine how these methods corresponded to clinical outcomes (and one another) for the purpose of replicating and extending extant literature in this area. Implications and recommendations for practitioners and researchers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"77-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8894533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Some Characteristics and Arguments in Favor of a Science of Machine Behavior Analysis 支持建立机器行为分析科学的一些特点和论据

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00332-3

M. Lanovaz

引用次数: 2

Correction to: How to Be RAD: Repeated Acquisition Design Features that Enhance Internal and External Validity. 纠正:如何成为RAD:重复获取设计特征，提高内部和外部有效性。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-10-19 eCollection Date: 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00320-z

Megan S Kirby, Trina D Spencer, John Ferron

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Cochran's Q Test of Stimulus Overselectivity within the Verbal Repertoire of Children with Autism. 更正：科克伦 Q 测试自闭症儿童口语曲目中的刺激过度选择性。