Perspectives on Behavior Science最新文献_第9页

The Evidence is in the Design. 证据就在设计中。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-09-03 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00309-8

Janet S Twyman

引用次数: 3

Whatever the Kid Does Is the Truth: Introduction to the Special Section on Direct Instruction. 无论孩子做什么都是真理：直接教学特别章节导言。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-08-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00314-x

William L Heward, Janet S Twyman

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Dissemination of Direct Instruction: Ponder These while Pursuing That. 更正:直接指导的传播:在追求那个的同时思考这个。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-08-19 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00312-z

Patrick C Friman

引用次数: 0

Faultless Communication: The Heart and Soul of DI. 完美沟通:人工智能的核心和灵魂。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-08-18 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00310-1

Janet S Twyman

{"title":"Faultless Communication: The Heart and Soul of DI.","authors":"Janet S Twyman","doi":"10.1007/s40614-021-00310-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-021-00310-1","url":null,"abstract":"We are in the midst of a global learning crisis. The National Center for Education Statistics (2019) reports that 65% of fourth- and 66% of eighth-grade students in the United States did not meet proficient standards for reading. A 2017 report from UNESCO reports that 6 out of 10 children worldwide do not achieve minimum proficiency in reading and mathematics. For far too many learners, instruction is riddled with confusion and ambiguity. Engelmann and Carnine's (1991) approach to improving learning is to design instruction that communicates one (and only one) logical interpretation by the learner. Called \"faultless communication\" this method can be used to teach learners a wide variety of concepts or skills and underpins all Direct Instruction programs. By reducing errors and misinterpretation, it maximizes learning for all students. To ensure effectiveness, the learner's performance is observed, and if necessary, the communication is continually redesigned until faultless (i.e., the learner learns). This \"Theory of Instruction\" is harmonious with behavior analysis and beneficial to anyone concerned with improving student learning-the heart and soul of good instruction.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"44 2-3","pages":"169-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40614-021-00310-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39504027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

How to Be RAD: Repeated Acquisition Design Features that Enhance Internal and External Validity. 如何成为RAD:重复获取设计特征，提高内部和外部有效性。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-08-02 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00301-2

Megan S Kirby, Trina D Spencer, John Ferron

{"title":"How to Be RAD: Repeated Acquisition Design Features that Enhance Internal and External Validity.","authors":"Megan S Kirby, Trina D Spencer, John Ferron","doi":"10.1007/s40614-021-00301-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-021-00301-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Repeated Acquisition Design (RAD) is a type of single-case research design (SCRD) that involves repeated and rapid measurement of irreversible discrete skills or behaviors through pre-and postintervention probes across different sets of stimuli. Researchers interested in the study of learning in animals and humans have used the RAD because of its sensitivity to detect immediate changes in rate or accuracy. Despite its strengths, critics of the RAD have cautioned against its use due to reasonable threats to internal validity like pretest effects, history, and maturation. Furthermore, many methodologists and researchers have neglected the RAD in their SCRD standards (e.g., What Works Clearinghouse [WWC], 2020; Horner et al., 2005). Unless given guidance to address threats to internal validity, researchers may avoid the design altogether or continue to use a weak version of the RAD. Therefore, we propose a set of 15 quality RAD indicators, comprising foundational elements that should be present in all RAD studies and additional features that enhance causal inference and external validity. We review contemporary RAD use and describe how the additional features strengthen the rigor of RAD studies. We end the article with suggested guidelines for interpreting effects and the strength of the evidence generated by RAD studies. We invite researchers to use these initial guidelines as a jumping off point for a more RAD future.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"44 2-3","pages":"389-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40614-021-00301-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39504426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

What Can We Learn by Treating Perspective Taking as Problem Solving? 我们可以从看待问题的角度来解决问题中学到什么?

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-08-02 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00307-w

Tokiko Taylor, Timothy L Edwards

引用次数: 3

Dissemination of Direct Instruction: Ponder These while Pursuing That. 传播直接教学：在追求这些的同时思考那些。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-08-02 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00285-z

Patrick C Friman

引用次数: 0

Applying Mixed-Effects Modeling to Behavioral Economic Demand: An Introduction. 混合效应模型在行为经济需求中的应用。

IF 2 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-07-21 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00299-7

Brent A Kaplan, Christopher T Franck, Kevin McKee, Shawn P Gilroy, Mikhail N Koffarnus

{"title":"Applying Mixed-Effects Modeling to Behavioral Economic Demand: An Introduction.","authors":"Brent A Kaplan, Christopher T Franck, Kevin McKee, Shawn P Gilroy, Mikhail N Koffarnus","doi":"10.1007/s40614-021-00299-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-021-00299-7","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral economic demand methodology is increasingly being used in various fields such as substance use and consumer behavior analysis. Traditional analytical techniques to fitting demand data have proven useful yet some of these approaches require preprocessing of data, ignore dependence in the data, and present statistical limitations. We term these approaches \"fit to group\" and \"two stage\" with the former interested in group or population level estimates and the latter interested in individual subject estimates. As an extension to these regression techniques, mixed-effect (or multilevel) modeling can serve as an improvement over these traditional methods. Notable benefits include providing simultaneous group (i.e., population) level estimates (with more accurate standard errors) and individual level predictions while accommodating the inclusion of \"nonsystematic\" response sets and covariates. These models can also accommodate complex experimental designs including repeated measures. The goal of this article is to introduce and provide a high-level overview of mixed-effects modeling techniques applied to behavioral economic demand data. We compare and contrast results from traditional techniques to that of the mixed-effects models across two datasets differing in species and experimental design. We discuss the relative benefits and drawbacks of these approaches and provide access to statistical code and data to support the analytical replicability of the comparisons.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40614-021-00299-7.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"44 2-3","pages":"333-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40614-021-00299-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39504033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Meta-Analytic Methods to Detect Publication Bias in Behavior Science Research. 检测行为科学研究中出版偏差的元分析方法》（Meta-Analytic Methods to Detect Publication Bias in Behavior Science Research）。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-07-21 eCollection Date: 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00303-0

Art Dowdy, Donald A Hantula, Jason C Travers, Matt Tincani

{"title":"Meta-Analytic Methods to Detect Publication Bias in Behavior Science Research.","authors":"Art Dowdy, Donald A Hantula, Jason C Travers, Matt Tincani","doi":"10.1007/s40614-021-00303-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40614-021-00303-0","url":null,"abstract":"Publication bias is an issue of great concern across a range of scientific fields. Although less documented in the behavior science fields, there is a need to explore viable methods for evaluating publication bias, in particular for studies based on single-case experimental design logic. Although publication bias is often detected by examining differences between meta-analytic effect sizes for published and grey studies, difficulties identifying the extent of grey studies within a particular research corpus present several challenges. We describe in this article several meta-analytic techniques for examining publication bias when published and grey literature are available as well as alternative meta-analytic techniques when grey literature is inaccessible. Although the majority of these methods have primarily been applied to meta-analyses of group design studies, our aim is to provide preliminary guidance for behavior scientists who might use or adapt these techniques for evaluating publication bias. We provide sample data sets and R scripts to follow along with the statistical analysis in hope that an increased understanding of publication bias and respective techniques will help researchers understand the extent to which it is a problem in behavior science research.","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"37-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8894526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52671258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ode to Zig (and the Bard): In Support of an Incomplete Logical-Empirical Model of Direct Instruction. 齐格颂歌（和吟游诗人）：支持不完整的直接教学逻辑-经验模型。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Perspectives on Behavior Science Pub Date : 2021-07-20 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00302-1

Edward J Kame'enui

引用次数: 0