Advances in Gerontology最新文献

{"title":"Piezopulsometric Analysis of Autonomous Regulation of the Cardiovascular System in an Elderly Person under Stress","authors":"V. P. Nesterov,&nbsp;A. I. Burdygin,&nbsp;K. B. Ivanov,&nbsp;S. V. Nesterov,&nbsp;S. I. Soroko","doi":"10.1134/S207905702202014X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S207905702202014X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of the application of a new method of arterial piezopulsometry for noninvasive assessment of the functional state and physiological mechanisms of autonomous regulation of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in an elderly person with acute pain associated with unexpected physical trauma are described. Such exposure caused a negative stress response in the muscle effectors (MEs) of CVS on the first day, provoking an abnormal increase and acceleration of LV myocardial contractility. Analysis of the arterial blood pressure pulse (PP) wave graphs shows that the maximum rate of PP growth, <i>VmaxPP</i>, reflecting the myocardial contractility, increased from 625 ± 74 before the trauma to 2117 ± 173 mm Hg/s after the trauma, distorting the waveform of the normal graph. The cause of this increase could be the rapid total effect of transmitters of the neuroendocrine sympathoadrenal system on the adrenergic receptors (ARs) of cardiomyocytes (CMs). The results of the spectral analysis of the variability of the PP wave parameters confirm this possibility. It is shown that under stress, norepinephrine from activated sympathetic efferents is added to the already increased content of humoral catecholamines in the extracellular environment of the myocardium near ARs of CMs, which is typical for older people. At the same time, the activity of parasympathetic efferents that release acetylcholine, which inhibits the contractile reaction of the myocardium and, thereby, performs a restraining cardioprotective function, significantly increases. A personalized approach was used to study the mechanisms of autonomous regulation of CVS MEs under stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 2","pages":"149 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44101560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageist Attitudes: Youth Identity, Subjective Time to Become Older, and Impressions of the General Older Population’s Physical and Mental Health","authors":"Y. Shimizu,&nbsp;T. Hashimoto,&nbsp;K. Karasawa","doi":"10.1134/S2079057022020163","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057022020163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reduction in ageist attitudes is crucial to resolve intergenerational conflicts between older adults and other generations. As factors related to ageist attitudes, the extent to which people perceive themselves to be young should be the focus. The perceived link between older adults and illness also has a significant relationship with ageist attitudes. This study examines the relationship between ageist attitudes and youth identity (the extent to which people feel they belong to the young population as opposed to the older population), and impressions of the physical and mental health of the general older population. The results of an online survey of Japanese participants (<i>n</i> = 474) showed that those with higher youth identity held stronger ageist attitudes. While impressions of the physical health of the general older population were not associated with ageist attitudes, participants with more positive impressions of older adults’ mental health had weaker ageist attitudes. Future research should extend our model by adding factors not considered in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 2","pages":"157 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Ketogenic Diet Therapy a Remedy for Alzheimer’s Disease or Mild Cognitive Impairments?: A Narrative Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"H. Şimşek,&nbsp;A. Uçar","doi":"10.1134/S2079057022020175","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057022020175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is estimated to increase further due to the aging of the world population. Since preventive strategies or effective treatment for AD have not been defined yet, studies on metabolism and nutritional approaches have gained attention. A present literature review aimed to provide a summary of current evidence on the neuroprotective roles of ketogenic diets. A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases for clinical trials that published in English and focused ketogenic therapy in AD or mild cognitive impairment. The neuroprotective potential of ketone bodies is based on mitochondrial dysfunction, suppression of oxidative damage and inflammation, reduction of the negative effects of impaired glucose metabolism in the brain, and effects at the genomic level. Clinical studies mainly provide evidence of improved verbal memory, attention, and total cognitive function. But optimal procedures have not yet been clarified. Also, ketogenic diet practices in older adults may pose several risks in long term. Therefore, further clinical research will shed more light on the neuroprotective effect, safety, and sustainability of the ketogenic diet, which is promising in the protection or improvement of cognitive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 2","pages":"200 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46039695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective cohort comparison of programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) and continued epidural infusion (CEI) on delivery mode.","authors":"Allana Munro, Hilary MacCormick, Milia Aidemouni, Chris M Nash, Ronald B George","doi":"10.1007/s12630-022-02268-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12630-022-02268-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"11 1","pages":"909-911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83459610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visually Impaired Older Adults as a Target Group of Social Rehabilitation: The Issue of the Peculiarities of their Lifestyle","authors":"V. Z. Kantor,&nbsp;N. N. Smirnova","doi":"10.1134/S2079057022010076","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057022010076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents materials of an empirical study of the peculiarities of the way of life of visually impaired older people in a social rehabilitation context. In comparison with older people without disabling visual impairments, the older blind and visually impaired, according to the results of this questionnaire survey, are characterized in terms of their position in society, the preservation of the “inner core” of the personality, involvement in social and cultural life, the need for novelty and expansion of “spiritual and cultural spaces,” creative activity, and social and cultural communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 1","pages":"84 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45920489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Physical Health and Functional Status on Cognitive Functions in Women at Ages of 55–64 Years","authors":"O. N. Tkacheva,&nbsp;N. K. Runikhina,&nbsp;E. A. Mkhitaryan,&nbsp;N. V. Sharashkina,&nbsp;N. M. Vorobyeva,&nbsp;N. N. Koberskaya,&nbsp;N. N. Yakhno","doi":"10.1134/S2079057022010155","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057022010155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitive impairment is one of the most common causes of reduced quality of life in elderly people. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of functional status, physical health, and cognitive functions in 55–64 year old women. The study included 250 women at ages of 55–64 years (mean age 59.3 ± 2.9 years). The study analyzed socio-demographic and economic factors, as well as functional and cognitive status and looked into the presence and prevalence of geriatric syndromes and their association with social, demographic, and economic characteristics and risk factors for the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The prevalence of cognitive impairments was independently associated with education level, low income of patients, diabetes mellitus, glomerular filtration rate, and vertebral artery diameter. Among these parameters, the level of education was a protective factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 1","pages":"41 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44741591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Age Estimation Based on the Spectral Analysis of the Bioelectrical Activity of the Human Brain","authors":"G. A. Shabanov,&nbsp;A. A. Rybchenko,&nbsp;Ye. A. Lugovaya,&nbsp;S. I. Vdovenko","doi":"10.1134/S207905702201012X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S207905702201012X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research offers a method of estimating human biological age based on the spectral analysis of the bioelectric activity of the brain for the first time. We have developed an IDC decentralization index, which is calculated by taking the total reduction of the background neurotrophic influences of the brain activating system on the peripheral tissues and organs into account. The obtained dependence of the IDC index on the age of healthy people at ages of 10 to 90, as well as on the degree of differentiation G1–G4 of cancer cells, was close to linear. The accumulation of cell malfunctions and mutations with age could be detected by the growth in the IDC index from 100 to 900 units. An even greater number of cell mutations in cancer patients with the G1 to G4 degree of cell differentiation resulted in the IDC index increasing to 3000 units or more. These data allowed us to estimate a person’s biological age after a 10-minute registration of the bioelectric activity of the brain. The estimation accuracy increased when averaged data were obtained for several trials of each subject. The technology is applicable in scientific research in the field of gerontology, monitoring healthy people, revealing risk groups, and controlling treatment process in cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 1","pages":"25 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48302791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Frequency of the Main Geriatric Syndromes in Elderly Patients of the Social Institution of Kyrgyz Republic","authors":"M. A. Arstanbekova,&nbsp;A. O. Musakeev,&nbsp;S. O. Turdaliev,&nbsp;R. M. Azhimamotova,&nbsp;R. Zikira kyzy,&nbsp;H. U. Ymynapazova,&nbsp;S. M. Mamatov","doi":"10.1134/S2079057022010027","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057022010027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the prevalence of the main geriatric syndromes in elderly people at ages of 65–74 years at a social welfare institution. The subjects of the study were 77 patients, 51 (66.2%) were men, 26 (33.7%) were women. The average age of the patients was 68.3 ± 7.2 years. The Optimization of care in geriatrics depending on the degree of senile asthenia computer program was used to identify geriatric syndromes. Among the main geriatric syndromes, patients were found to have a high risk of falls, deterioration of spiritual welfare, the risk of developing depression, and cognitive impairment. All identified syndromes caused a high dependence on outside help: 87% of the patients were dependent on various degrees of support. When organizing medical care in a social welfare institution, it is advisable to carry out a comprehensive geriatric assessment in patients at ages of 65 and over aimed at solving and improving medical care for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 1","pages":"30 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41264507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Psychiatric Consultations of Elderly Hospitalized Patients: What are the Psychological Complaints and Diagnoses?","authors":"A. Civan Kahve,&nbsp;H. Kaya,&nbsp;H. İ. Daylan,&nbsp;O. Ozpinar,&nbsp;E. Goka","doi":"10.1134/S2079057022010064","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057022010064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the aging world population, inpatient services for elderly patients have become an increasingly important issue. These patients may have accompanying psychological problems and mental disorders. Psychological evaluations of the patients, in which situations psychiatric consultation should be requested and the principles of psychiatric approach should be determined. This study aimed to determine the risk factors leading to psychiatric consultation in elderly hospitalized patients, determine psychiatric comorbidities, and determine the role of psychiatric consultations in psychopharmacological treatment. All psychiatric consultations requested from patients over 65 years of age hospitalized patients in University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital from September 2019 to March 2020 (189 male and 137 female, in total 326) were evaluated. The files of the patients were examined retrospectively through the hospital system, and the information was recorded in the data collection form. This form includes the following information: sociodemographic characteristics, hospitalization service, the reason for hospitalization, additional diseases other than hospitalization diagnosis, duration of hospitalization, the reason for requesting psychiatric consultation, diagnosis after psychiatric consultation, psychotropic drugs used before the consultation, psychotropic drugs recommended after consultation, the total number of drugs used. While agitation is the most common reason for psychiatry consultation in elderly patients, the most common psychiatric disease diagnosis is delirium. Drug treatment was not recommended to almost one-third of the patients, and recommendations were made to increase psychosocial and treatment compliance regarding their complaints. Patients diagnosed with delirium have higher re-consultation rates. Haloperidol and quetiapine are the most commonly recommended psychotropic. Sertraline and escitalopram are the most commonly recommended antidepressants in elderly hospitalized patients. Psychiatric consultations should be planned without workforce loss, and in a more qualified way, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions should be appropriately performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 1","pages":"63 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44788336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronological Age and Subjective Perception of the Old-Age Threshold: An Empirical Verification of the Age-Group Dissociation Effect Using European Social Survey Data","authors":"Ł. Jurek","doi":"10.1134/S2079057022010052","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057022010052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As people get older, they perceive old age as starting later. Such phenomenon is explained by the so-called “age-group dissociation effect.” Since old people (as a part of society) and old age (as a stage of life) are the source of negative connotations, people tend to mentally distance from them in order to avoid stigma and to improve personal well-being. This study aims to investigate the impact of the attitude towards old people on the mental distance separating from the old-age threshold. Using data from European Social Survey (round 4), two measurement tools were developed: Ageism Index (AI) and Modified Mental Distance (MMD). The obtained results indicated no linear relationship between these two parameters. As so, no empirical evidence that supports the “age-group dissociation effect” hypothesis was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"12 1","pages":"14 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47864251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}