Advances in Gerontology最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases","authors":"A. I. Dudinova,&nbsp;M. S. Legenko,&nbsp;I. D. Strazhesko","doi":"10.1134/S2079057026600114","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057026600114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global population is undergoing rapid aging, with increasing life expectancy resulting in a proliferation of age-related health problems. An increasing number of people are becoming vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases on an annual basis. These diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of nerve cells, motor or cognitive impairment, and the accumulation of abnormally aggregated proteins. A substantial body of research has demonstrated that oxidative stress can exert a multifaceted role in the development of diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in addition to contributing to their progression and exacerbating the overall condition of patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of the aging process, particularly in organs that require high energy, such as the heart, muscles, brain, and liver. The brain is particularly vulnerable to free radical damage due to its high oxygen demand, limited antioxidant protection, and high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are highly susceptible to oxidation. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism through which neurodegenerative diseases associated with disturbances in redox balance develop remains to be elucidated. A more profound comprehension of the molecular mechanisms associated with oxidative stress and neurodegeneration may facilitate the identification of novel avenues for the development of effective methods of prevention and treatment, which will have a favorable impact on the health of society.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"16 1","pages":"7 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State, Family, and Society: An Overview of Care for Older People Using the Examples of Germany, Finland, Italy, and Russia","authors":"I. Petukhova,&nbsp;N. Ermolaeva","doi":"10.1134/S2079057025600739","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057025600739","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents an overview of international experience in senior care, using Germany, Italy, Finland, and Russia as examples. It examines the key policies, approaches, and social support systems for older people in these countries. Care for older people is a specific type of work performed within the framework of particular social and economic relations. The key care providers are the state, family, market, and civil society. Their interaction forms a complex interplay of initiatives, referred to as a <i>care mix</i>. Combinations of initiatives and practices emanating from different care providers constitute specific care regimes. A study of care regimes allows classifying countries into types based on who provides care for the elderly and under what conditions. Based on a comparative analysis of care practices in Germany, Italy, Finland, and Russia, this article describes in detail how care is organized in these countries. It also compares the experiences of European countries with those of Russia. The Russian system of elderly care is gradually moving toward integrating the initiatives of various providers but has not yet reached the level of complexity and flexibility seen in Europe. In the future, development of the Russian system is possible through strengthening state coordination, expanding support for families, and active involvement of nonprofit and commercial sectors. These changes will help to bring Russian practices closer to European standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"16 1","pages":"55 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Neuropsychological Tests for Assessing Changes in Cognitive Functions During Normal Aging","authors":"A. I. Dudinova,&nbsp;M. S. Legenko,&nbsp;I. D. Strazhesko","doi":"10.1134/S2079057026600126","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057026600126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitive tests are standardized tasks that allow quantifying various aspects of human higher nervous activity. They are widely used to diagnose cognitive impairments in neurological and mental illnesses, as well as to monitor age-related cognitive changes. Each test aims at specific cognitive domains: memory, attention, executive functions, information processing speed, etc. Together, they provide a holistic view of the cognitive profile of the subject. This review article examines the most used cognitive tests, from ACE-III type screening batteries to specialized tests for memory, attention, and motor-perceptual skills. The principles of their implementation and their diagnostic value in population studies and clinical practice are discussed for assessing cognitive functions during normal aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"16 1","pages":"14 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Activity of the Working and Non-working Older Men and Women in St. Petersburg and the Republic of Karelia Regions","authors":"I. Grigoryeva,&nbsp;K. Galkin","doi":"10.1134/S2079057025600685","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057025600685","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the significance of various activities for employed and unemployed older adults, as well as their impact on quality of life and social well-being. The primary aim is to identify differences in approaches between older men and women regarding activity choices and their roles in daily life. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with respondents from different regions, including Saint Petersburg and the Republic of Karelia. Methods include quantitative analysis of coded interview narratives, conducted using the qualitative text analysis software QDA Miner. Two key groups are analyzed: those continuing to work and those retired, to understand how these circumstances influence their preferences and behaviors. The results demonstrate no significant differences between older men and women in activity practices, but a notable difference is observed between the activity sets of employed and unemployed seniors.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"16 1","pages":"66 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino Acid Regulation of Cellular Aging Pathways and Therapeutic Perspectives for Healthspan and Lifespan Enhancement","authors":"I. Sarenkova,&nbsp;U. Kletnieks","doi":"10.1134/S2079057025600557","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057025600557","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While amino acids have traditionally been viewed primarily as the building blocks of proteins, accumulating evidence indicates that they play critical roles in metabolic regulation and cellular homeostasis. These functions span several key biological pathways implicated in aging, including mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, proteostasis, cellular senescence, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic regulation. This review used a structured analytical approach to critically evaluate scientific literature on the role of amino acids in cellular aging, with a focus on healthspan and lifespan regulation. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2024 were systematically selected from major databases based on relevance and methodological quality. Evidence from both animal models and human studies was synthesized to identify shared mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications. Although this review highlights leucine, methionine, and glycine as illustrative examples of amino acids that influence aging pathways, the broader analysis encompasses multiple amino acids and dietary protein patterns to provide a more comprehensive perspective on their collective and context-dependent roles in human aging. We propose that targeted manipulation of amino acid availability represents a more specific and mechanistically precise intervention than general caloric restriction, and that imbalances in amino acid signaling, rather than absolute intake levels alone, may be key drivers of aging-related dysfunction. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, is well known for its anabolic effects mediated through mTOR activation; however, chronic mTOR stimulation has been linked to impaired autophagy and increased oxidative stress, potentially accelerating age-associated pathologies. Methionine, an essential amino acid central to one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation, exerts dual effects by supporting epigenetic stability while promoting metabolic stress when present in excess. Notably, dietary methionine restriction has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms, likely through enhanced stress resistance and metabolic reprogramming. In contrast, glycine has emerged as a cytoprotective amino acid that supports redox homeostasis and collagen synthesis, with growing evidence suggesting that glycine supplementation may improve healthspan by enhancing cellular resilience. By integrating the unique physiological contributions of these amino acids within aging-associated molecular pathways, this review highlights the importance of amino acid balance and context-dependent signaling in the regulation of aging. These insights underscore the potential of precision nutritional strategies aimed at modulating amino acid metabolism to promote healthier aging and improve quality of life across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"16 1","pages":"25 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D and Its Role in the Aging Process: A Review of the Literature","authors":"E. N. Dudinskaya","doi":"10.1134/S207905702660028X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S207905702660028X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vitamin D, a fat-soluble micronutrient, plays a crucial role not only in maintaining calcium-phosphorus metabolism but also in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including immune response, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In recent years, its role in modulating chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular aging processes has attracted significant research attention. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in the population, particularly in regions with low levels of solar insolation, making it one of the key challenges in modern medicine. Epidemiological data indicate an association between low vitamin D levels and the development of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain incompletely understood. In particular, the role of vitamin D in regulating telomere length, telomerase activity, and other biomarkers of cellular aging has not been sufficiently studied. Given the increasing prevalence of age-related diseases and the need to identify effective prevention strategies, investigating the impact of vitamin D on aging processes is highly relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Brief Remarks on Statistical Significance and “Trends” in Gerontological Research","authors":"A. N. Khokhlov","doi":"10.1134/S2079057025600788","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057025600788","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing on his editorial experience at relevant scientific journals and his experience in teaching the basics of scientific article formatting/design at Lomonosov Moscow State University, the author analyzes the current state of statistical analysis of results of the gerontological research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of aging and search for drugs that slow down this process and suppress the development of age-related diseases (geroprotectors, anti-aging drugs). It is emphasized that in many cases, such analysis is either not performed at all or is performed incorrectly. Specifically, authors periodically analyze data that does not follow a normal distribution using a parametric Student’s <i>t</i>-test. Moreover, many researchers, having failed to obtain reliable results (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), increasingly replace the term “significance” in their articles with the term “trend,” which seems completely unacceptable. Unfortunately, this problem affects not only gerontology but all biomedical research. It is suggested that greater attention should be paid to this issue by both reviewers of relevant articles and editors of the journals in which they are published. In addition, the importance of teaching the basics of statistical processing of research results to students and PhD students of biomedical institutes and relevant university schools is emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"15 4","pages":"298 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Signaling Role of Several Mitochondrial Metabolites in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis","authors":"V. I. Zvyagina,&nbsp;A. M. Shitikova,&nbsp;M. M. Atroshchenko,&nbsp;Yu. A. Marsyanova,&nbsp;E. S. Belskikh,&nbsp;D. O. Melnikov","doi":"10.1134/S2079057025600776","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057025600776","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review systematizes contemporary data on the signaling role of mitochondrial metabolites in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, with an emphasis on their influence on cellular adaptation to stress factors, including age-related changes. Mitochondria function not only as energy sources but also as key sensors and regulators, mediating anterograde and retrograde signaling through metabolites such as citrate, succinate, lactate, and L-carnitine. Citrate and succinate participate in epigenetic modifications, including protein acetylation and succinylation, thereby influencing gene expression and metabolic adaptation, with potential applications in the therapy of oncological and age-associated diseases. Lactate, traditionally regarded as a product of anaerobic metabolism, acts as a signaling molecule that modulates receptor cascades (GPR81), histone lactylation, and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. L-carnitine ensures metabolic flexibility by maintaining the acyl-CoA/CoA balance, removing toxic metabolites, and enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability, demonstrating its protective effects in models of hyperhomocysteinemia and NO deficiency. Understanding these mechanisms opens up prospects for the identification of biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring homeostasis in the context of aging, metabolic disorders, and gerontological syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"15 4","pages":"223 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Educational Attainment on Frailty in Older Adults with Colorectal Cancer: The Mediating Roles of Health Awareness, Physical Activity, and Stress Management","authors":"L. Ji,&nbsp;F. Fang,&nbsp;J. Tu,&nbsp;L. Xi","doi":"10.1134/S2079057025600387","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057025600387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aim: This study aims to clarify how educational attainment influences frailty in older adults with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, older adults with CRC completed surveys on general characteristics, educational attainment, health awareness, physical activity duration, stress management, and frailty. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was employed to examine associations between variables. Mediation analyses were conducted using Hayes’ PROCESS Macro (Model 6), with 5000 bootstrap resamples to assess the significance of indirect effects. Results: A total of 169 older adults with CRC were evaluated. Educational attainment, health awareness, physical activity duration, stress management ability, and frailty were significantly correlated (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Educational attainment significantly predicted health awareness (β = 0.291, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Both educational attainment (β = 0.294, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and health awareness (β = 0.297, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) positively predicted physical activity duration. Educational attainment (β = 0.266, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and physical activity duration (β = 0.316, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) positively predicted stress management ability. Physical activity duration (β = –0.209, <i>P</i> = 0.010) and stress management ability (β = –0.335, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) negatively predicted frailty. Physical activity duration and stress management mediated 25.38 and 36.92% of the effect of educational attainment on frailty. Chain mediation effects of health awareness and physical activity duration (7.31%), physical activity duration and stress management (12.69%), and all three factors (13.85%) were significant. Conclusions: Both physical activity duration and stress management independently mediate the relationship between educational attainment and frailty, while also exerting a chain mediating effect in older adults with CRC. Additionally, health awareness alone does not mediate the relationship between educational attainment, stress management skills, and frailty. However, educational attainment enhances health awareness, which in turn influences physical activity duration, affecting stress management and frailty.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"15 3","pages":"138 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let-7a MicroRNA Expression in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus during Aging","authors":"L. G. Pankrasheva,&nbsp;V. V. Porseva,&nbsp;P. M. Masliukov,&nbsp;E. V. Salnikov","doi":"10.1134/S2079057025600636","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2079057025600636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hypothalamus is a key integrator of autonomic and endocrine regulation and is also involved in aging mechanisms. It is hypothesized that aging processes may be regulated by changes in microRNA expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus. The aim of the study was to determine the localization and percentage of cells in the arcuate (ARN), dorsomedial (DMN), and ventromedial (VMN) nuclei of the hypothalamus expressing let-7a microRNA in male rats aged 2 months (young), 12 months (adult), and 24 months (aged) using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results indicate that in the ARN and DMN, the percentage of let-7a microRNA-positive neurons did not differ significantly between young and adult rats, but decreased in the ARN from 51.7 ± 3.8 to 34.7 ± 4.2% and in the DMN from 35.8 ± 3.3 to 27.2 ± 3.6% in adult rats relative to old animals. The highest percentage of neurons expressing let-7a microRNA in all animals studied was observed in the VMN compared to the ARN and DMN. However, in the VMN, the percentage of neurons expressing let-7a during ontogenesis did not change significantly with aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":44756,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Gerontology","volume":"15 3","pages":"156 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}