Active Aging and the Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Older Adults in Rural Areas of Madrid, Spain: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Abstract

This study investigates how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) influence active ageing among older adults living in rural areas of Madrid, Spain. By addressing a gap in the literature regarding the intersection of digital inclusion and active ageing in rural contexts, this research contributes novel insights into the lived experiences of older individuals. A qualitative approach was adopted, involving semi-structured interviews with fifteen individuals aged 80 and over residing in rural areas. Data were analysed through inductive thematic analysis, emphasizing the relationship between ICT use and the pillars of active ageing (health, participation, lifelong learning and security). The findings reveal a dual impact of ICTs on active ageing. Participants identified ICTs as facilitators of social participation and emotional well-being, particularly through video calls with family members, which helped maintain social connections and reduce loneliness. ICTs also supported health-related behaviours, such as accessing online exercise programs, contributing to physical activity and cognitive engagement. However, concerns about privacy violations and external control challenged the sense of security, while fears of overuse and dependency on digital devices were seen as potential risks to autonomy. These challenges were exacerbated by limited digital literacy and accessibility in rural areas. This study highlights the potential of ICTs to align with the goals of active ageing by fostering health, participation, and security. However, the findings underscore the critical need for tailored interventions to address digital literacy and infrastructure deficits in rural contexts. Promoting equitable access and addressing privacy concerns are essential to harness the benefits of ICTs while mitigating their risks.