Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research最新文献

{"title":"Differences in the Health Status of Older Adults in Community and Hospital Cohorts.","authors":"Ji Yeon Lee, Kwang Joon Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Young Mi Yun, Eun Seo Sun, Chang Oh Kim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0199","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older adults frequently utilize healthcare services across diverse medical settings to maintain continuity of care. However, data from the hospital records of older adults is often not linked to their health status in community settings, preventing a full understanding of their healthcare needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to compare the multidimensional health status (i.e., self-rated health, depression, physical function/activity, mobility, nutrition, lifestyle factors, blood laboratory, and diseases) of older adults between community and hospital cohorts. The goal was to identify the potential health problems of older adults and establish a preventive care system. Secondary analysis was conducted using data obtained from the Korean Urban Rural Elderly study for the community cohort and outpatient patients from a single tertiary hospital for the hospital cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using age- and sex-matched propensity score matching, 550 older adults were selected equally from the two cohorts. Logistic regression was performed to predict the health status of the two groups. The health status of the community and hospital cohorts differed in several health domains. The hospital cohort group had more risk of depression, impairment in instrumental activities of daily living, and malnutrition. The hospital cohort group had lower alcohol intake and albumin, and higher glucose levels. The hospital group also had a higher prevalence of stroke and depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the need to provide multidimensional healthcare services that consider the deterioration of multiple health conditions in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with the Patient Safety Activities among Home-Visit Caregiver: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Soon-Hee Cho, Sujin Kang, Youngji Kim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0159","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Home-visit care should prioritize patient safety and promote positive safety awareness to maintain caregivers&apos; commitment to providing safe care. This descriptive study aims to examine the relationship between home-visit caregivers&apos; knowledge, attitudes, awareness of patient safety, and safety-related activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were 210 adult home-visit caregivers, aged 20 years or older, with more than six months of experience working at six long-term care centers in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Data were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire to measure participants' general characteristics and their patient safety knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and activities, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN version 28.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study demonstrated that patient safety activities were significantly positively correlated with patient safety knowledge (r=0.63, p˂0.001), patient safety attitude (r=0.49, p ˂0.001), and patient safety awareness (r=0.69, p˂0.001). The factors affecting patient safety activities were patient safety awareness and patient safety knowledge, with an explanatory power of 55%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To practice patient safety activities and maintain a desirable attitude, an educational strategy that promotes cognitive change, such as a systematic and continuous practice-oriented campaign, is needed. Furthermore, efforts to improve the working environment to extend the tenure of experienced caregivers are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"159-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Physical Activity Level on Whole-Body and Muscle-Cell Function in Older Adults.","authors":"Hyo-Seong Yeo, Jae-Young Lim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0141","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different levels of physical activity on functional capacity, muscle strength, and the contractile properties of single muscle fibers in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-ones older adults (71.1±3.7 years) were divided into the high physical activity (HPA, n=10) and low physical activity (LPA, n=11) groups. Physical activity was assessed using a short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Physical function and muscle strength tests were performed. The fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), maximal force (Po), maximal force normalized to CSA (specific force, SF), maximal shortening velocity (Vo), and myosin heavy chain isoform expression were determined in single muscle fibers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IPAQ walking and total scores were higher in the HPA than in the LPA. The differences in body composition of the LPA and HPA were not significant. The 4-m walking velocity and isometric and isokinetic knee extensor strength were higher in the HPA than in the LPA. There was a significant difference between the two groups in Vo, but not fiber CSA, peak force, and SF. In addition, the Vo was significantly higher in the HPA than in the LPA for type I but not type II fibers. The correlation between total physical activity level and Vo was positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In older adults, higher levels of physical activity may have a greater impact on muscle function than on body composition. Moreover, increased physical activity is associated with higher Vo at the muscle cell level. Thus, we propose that enhancing overall physical activity levels should be considered an effective strategy for improving muscle function in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"254-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Family and Friend Networks with Appetite: Structural Equation Modeling of the Indirect Effects of Depression among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Kento Noritake, Keisuke Fujii, Daiki Nakashima, Yuta Kubo, Kyosuke Yorozuya, Naoki Tomiyama, Takahiro Hayashi, Fumihiko Goto, Hidehiro Watanabe, Akihiro Yoshida","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0173","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Appetite loss in older adults raises the risk of malnutrition and frailty. The recent emphasis on psychological and social support for appetite loss reveals the importance of robust social networks. Depression is linked to a decline in appetite and social networks. Social networks may influence appetite directly and indirectly through depression. This exploratory cross-sectional study categorizes social networks into family and friend networks to elucidate their direct and indirect effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analyzed 193 community-dwelling older adults (women 78.2%; mean age 77.1±5.3 years) who participated in health-checkup events in two cities in Japan. Appetite was assessed using the Japanese version of the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, and family and friend networks were assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. Based on previous research, we constructed a causal model examining the impacts of family and friend social networks and depression on appetite and calculated the direct and indirect effects through structural equation modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The family network had a direct effect on appetite (path coefficient=0.18) and an indirect effect via depression (path coefficient=0.0608). Conversely, the friend network was not directly associated with appetite but had an indirect effect through depression (path coefficient=0.095). The model exhibited a good fit. The mechanism of influence on appetite varied between the networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To prevent appetite loss, social networks with family and friends should be assessed separately, and tailored support should be provided for each.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Geriatric Characteristics Associated with Changes in Postoperative Cognitive Function and Quality of Life: A Prospective Observational Analytic Multicenter Study.","authors":"Isngadi Isngadi, Aswoco A Asmoro, Nurul Huda, Taufiq A Siswagama, Nancy M Rehatta, Susilo Chandra, Djayanti Sari, Mayang I Lestari, Tjokorda G A Senapathi, Haizah Nurdin, Belindo Wirabuana, Bintang Pramodana, Adinda P Pradhana, Novita Anggraeni, Kenanga M Sikumbang, Radian A Halimi, Zafrullah K Jasa, Akhyar H Nasution, Mochamat Mochamat, Purwoko Purwoko","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0102","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Changes in cognitive function are associated with increased depression and decreased quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of geriatric patients and anesthetic management with changes in postoperative cognitive function and QOL of geriatric patients undergoing elective surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational analytic multicenter study included patients aged ≥60 years who underwent elective surgery in hospitals in Indonesia. We used the whole sampling method and performed follow-up 30 days after surgery. Data were analyzed using bivariate chi-square and multivariate regression tests with a confidence interval of 95% and α=5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 933 geriatric patients included in this study 55.0%, females most (59.8%) received general anesthesia. Factors including age (p&lt;0.001, B=-0.374, odds ratio [OR]=0.688), body mass index (BMI) (p&lt;0.05, B=0.129, OR=1.138), and physical status based on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (p&lt;0.001, B=-0.458, OR=0.633) were significantly associated with postoperative cognitive function. BMI (p&lt;0.001, B=-0.218, OR=1.244), absence of comorbidities (p&lt;0.05, B=-0.312, OR=0.732), regional anesthesia (p&lt;0.05, B=0.606, OR=1.883), and changes in cognitive function (p&lt;0.05, B=0.288, OR=1.334) were significantly correlated with changes in postoperative QOL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age, BMI, and ASA physical status were significantly associated with postoperative cognitive function in geriatric patients, whereas BMI, comorbidities, regional anesthesia, and changes in postoperative cognitive function were associated with QOL. These preoperative factors can predict postoperative cognitive function and QOL and may be useful during preoperative planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Physical and Cognitive Frailty on Long-Term Mortality in Older Patients undergoing Elective Non-cardiac Surgery.","authors":"Min-Jie Low, Zhen Yi Liau, Jun Leong Cheong, Pui San Loh, Ina Ismiarti Shariffuddin, Hui Min Khor","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0163","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older adults undergoing surgery frequently have multiple comorbidities and reduced physical and cognitive reserves. This study aims to assess the effect of physical and cognitive frailty on long-term mortality in older patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery in a tertiary center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged ≥65 years old admitted to surgical wards at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were recruited. Physical frailty and cognitive status were assessed using the Fried Frailty Index (FFI) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. Patients were stratified into six groups based on their frailty and cognitive status: Group 1, normal cognition and non-frail (reference group); Group 2, normal cognition and frail; Group 3, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and non-frail; Group 4, MCI and frail; Group 5, dementia and non-frail; and Group 6, dementia and frail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 406 patients with a mean FFI score of 1.1±1.2 were recruited. Predictors of mortality include male sex (hazard ratio [HR]=1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-3.37; p=0.015), presence of active malignancy (HR=3.86; 95% CI, 2.14-6.95; p&lt;0.001), and high FFI scores (1.8±1.2 vs. 1.0±1.1; p=0.013). Compared to Group 1, long-term mortality risk was significantly increased in Group 4 (HR=3.17; 95% CI, 1.36-7.38) and Group 6 (HR=3.91; 95% CI, 1.62-9.43) patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of physical frailty and cognitive impairment was associated with long-term mortality risk among older patients who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery. This highlights the importance of assessing physical frailty and cognitive function of all older surgical patients to guide targeted intervention, especially for those with impairments which may be potentially reversible.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Japan's Revised Infectious Disease Control Law on Older Adults' Social Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Kohji Iwai, Yuta Kubo, Takeshi Yamazaki, Takahiro Hayashi","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0112","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In May 2023, Japan reclassified coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) under the Infectious Disease Control Law. However, there have been insufficient examinations on how the change in classification has impacted citizens' lives. This study examined the impact of revisions to the Infectious Disease Control Law in Japan on the social frailty and social life of older adults in the community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From mid-March to mid-April 2023, a self-administered survey targeting community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over was conducted by mail, before the revision of the Infectious Disease Control Law. From mid-February to mid-March 2024, after the revision of the law, a second survey was conducted among those who had responded to the first one. Ultimately, data from 240 cases were collected. The survey included social information such as mask-wearing when going out, status of long-term care insurance, presence of polypharmacy, sleep status, long outings, presence of COVID-19 infection, presence of post-COVID-19 syndrome (if infected), social frailty, and the Kihon Checklist, alongside basic demographic information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the revision of the Infectious Disease Control Law, there was an increase in the number of individuals receiving benefits from long-term care insurance and those identified as socially frail. However, no significant differences were observed in the other surveyed items.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The increase in socially frail individuals and those with long-term care insurance suggests that, despite the revision of the Infectious Disease Control Law, the connections within the local community that had once weakened due to the COVID-19 pandemic have not been fully restored.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength with Bone Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nur Riviati, Surya Darma, Muhammad Reagan, Muhammad Baharul Iman, Fara Syafira, Bima Indra","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0113","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the relationship between muscle mass, muscle strength, and bone density in older adults is crucial for addressing age-related conditions like osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This review aims to evaluate the relationship between muscle mass and muscle strength with bone density in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, involved a comprehensive search across seven databases from 2014 to April 2024. Included were observational studies in English and Indonesian on adults aged 60 and older. The Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) tool assessed the risk of bias, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework evaluated the evidence quality. Study selection was independently reviewed, and consensus was reached through discussion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten studies were included. For muscle mass and bone density, five studies showed a significant association, while four did not. For muscle strength and bone density, four of seven studies reported a significant association. However, the evidence quality was low due to inconsistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relationship between muscle mass, muscle strength, and bone density in older adults shows variability and inconsistent evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nationwide Postoperative Rehabilitation at Home Program after Lower Extremity Surgeries in Older and Younger People.","authors":"Kyunghoon Min, Sangchul Lee, Jae Min Kim, Jung Hyun Park, Jun Hwan Choi, Bo Ryun Kim, Kyu Wan Kwak, Seong Jun Kim, Jae-Young Lim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0094","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A nationwide Rehabilitation at Home Care Pilot Program for patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgeries has been ongoing since 2020. The program was designed to improve clinical outcomes through early mobilization and rehabilitation after discharge. This study aimed to analyze the interim data to assess its effectiveness and suggest improvements, particularly for older patients who are more vulnerable compared to younger patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the data of 872 patients from seven hospitals. Patients were divided into an older-age group (OG; ≥60 years) and younger-age group (YG; &lt;60 years). The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores for pain were the main outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were categorized into OG (n=801) and YG (n=71). The most common surgeries were knee joint replacement (63.7%) in OG and hip joint replacement in YG (77.5%). It took more days to enroll in the pilot program in OG (4.4 days) than YG (3.2 days). OG showed less improvement in BBS than YG for all surgeries (23.3 vs. 31.9) and hip joint surgery (19.8 vs. 33.5). In patients with hip joint replacement in OG, those with a higher number of comorbidities (≥3) showed less BBS improvement than those with fewer comorbidities (&lt;3). In the pain domain, NRS scores decreased in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The postoperative rehabilitation education program appeared to be effective in improving physical function and reducing pain severity, though the improvement was less obvious in older patients who may require a more comprehensive approach compared to younger patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium in Non-dementia Older Patients after Non-cardiac Surgery and Anesthesia: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Napat Wattanaboot, Warinporn Kuawatcharawong, Pattarada Permsakmesub","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0129","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the incidence and perioperative risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) in non-dementia older patients who underwent anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was conducted on 195 non-dementia older patients, aged 60 years or older, who were hospitalized after non-cardiac surgery and anesthesia. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit was used to evaluate the occurrence of POD. Incidence of POD was reported. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify the risk factors associated with POD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 195 patients were enrolled; 172 completed the study. POD occurred in seven patients within three days after anesthesia, which is a 4.1% incidence of POD. Multivariate logistic analysis showed arrhythmia, coagulopathy, urinary comorbidity, minimum intraoperative heart rate, and minimum post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) pain score as independent risk factors for POD. A minimum PACU pain score &gt;1 is the optimum cutoff pain score for developing POD, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 69.1%. The postoperative complication rate and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher for patients with POD compared to those without POD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of POD in the study population is 4.1%. Arrhythmia, coagulopathy, urinary comorbidity, minimum intraoperative heart rate, and minimum PACU pain score were independent risk factors for POD. The minimum PACU pain score is the strongest independent risk factor of POD. POD is associated with increased postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality rates in non-dementia older patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}