Psychologie Francaise最新文献

{"title":"Une ou plusieurs orthorexies ? Conceptualisation, évaluation et enjeux sociétaux : une revue critique de la littérature","authors":"E. Hanras ,&nbsp;G. Dorard ,&nbsp;E. Boujut","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2022.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2022.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the interest in the quality of food is getting increasingly widespread in our society. From now on, consumers are paying more attention to food components and are trying to adopt a more environmentally friendly by consuming, for example, products from short circuits. However, this attention to the quality of food can be pathological. The neologism <em>orthorexia nervosa</em>, invented in 1997, describes this obsessive relationship with food. People with orthorexia develop obsessions related to food quality and may develop eating rituals in order to stay “healthy”. Orthorexia nervosa is not yet considered a psychiatric disorder due to a lack of consensus on its definition, but it is associated with impaired somatic, social, professional and/or academic functioning. Indeed, although orthorexia nervosa has been the subject of increasing scientific interest, it remains poorly understood because the main tools used to assess it offer a partial measure of the concept. For example, the “ORTHO” self-questionnaire, which is the most widely used in the scientific literature, assesses an interest in healthy eating rather than psychopathological obsessions. The current data and knowledge on orthorexia nervosa are therefore uncertain, making it difficult to understand this concept. In order to better understand the issues at stake in the assessment of orthorexia nervosa, a critical reading of these tools is proposed in this article. Moreover, a new conceptualization of orthorexia emerged a few years ago. It offers a better understanding of this concept with a healthy side (i.e., healthy orthorexia) and a pathological side (i.e., orthorexia nervosa). In an attempt to clarify the knowledge on orthorexia, the main objective of this critical review of the literature is to present orthorexia nervosa according to its initial conceptualization and its current understanding in accordance with scientific advances. The second objective is to distinguish orthorexia nervosa from anorexia nervosa. The third objective is to highlight the emergence of a growing, and sometimes pathological, interest in healthy eating within the context of societal development. To achieve these objectives, a review of the literature on orthorexia and healthy eating was conducted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 559-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129750998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approches thérapeutiques de transmission d’intention à distance (Distant Healing Therapy) et effets sur la santé : défi épistémologique face aux résultats probants !","authors":"C. Berghmans","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2021.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2021.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The therapeutic approaches for transmitting the intention of healing (or care) at a distance such as prayer or certain forms of meditation have been studied for nearly forty years in the Anglo-Saxon literature, giving rise to numerous controlled researches and meta-analyzes. The results of these studies point to a large number of convincing works showing the effectiveness of these therapies by highlighting the non-local aspects of these approaches, which clash and pose a problem for the mechanistic and classical view of science. In the Anglo-Saxon world, and especially in the United States, patients use these approaches very strongly, especially in situations of great suffering. Because of this enthusiasm for these ancient healing techniques, the object of this article is to take stock of this question by identifying and making known on the one hand the key research in this field by highlighting the work of Americans researchers and on the other hand by developing the various method biases which are very numerous and which invite to relativize this effectiveness which, without calling it into question, should allow better study of this legitimate research subject, to finally allow to identify an embryonic conceptual framework in the light of research in physics and psychology and explanatory tracks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 543-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116627767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation francophone de l’échelle Ikigai-9","authors":"R. Vandroux,&nbsp;L. Auzoult-Chagnault","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Ikigai, a concept originating in Japan, is related to life purpose and has been found to be involved in many studies related to physical and mental health. It is only very recently that it has started to be used in Western studies, through the Ikigai-9 questionnaire, developed in Japan.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of our study is the French validation of the Ikigai-9.</p></div><div><h3>Method and results</h3><p>An exploratory factor analysis on 170 participants resulted in a three-factor structure of the Ikigai-9: “attitudes toward the future”, “acknowledgement of one's own existence” and “emotions toward life”. A confirmatory factor analysis on an independent sample of 1205 participants allows us to switch an item to the appropriate dimension. The internal reliability indices of the three dimensions confirm the French validation of the Ikigai-9.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The French version of the Ikigai-9 allows for larger-scale cross-cultural studies and a better understanding of the concept of Ikigai in Western geographical areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 503-513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127611890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilisation problématique d’Instagram, orientation à la comparaison sociale, estime de soi physique et sociale : étude exploratoire","authors":"S. Polar,&nbsp;I. Varescon","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2022.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2022.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Even though Instagram use and popularity have been developed increasingly, many studies investigating have been carried out on problematic social networks use or problematic Facebook use. However, problematic Instagram use and underlying factors related to it are little known.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Based on the I-PACE model (Brand et al., 2016), the aim of this exploratory study is to assess problematic Instagram use and to examine the links between behavioural characteristics (number of hours spent on Instagram, of self-photos, of likes on posts and followers), social comparison orientation, physical and social self-esteem, and problematic Instagram use in a sample of young adults French university students from 20 to 26 years old.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Sixty-six participants have completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires including the Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS), the physical appearance subscale of “Physical Self-Perception Profile” (SEISP), the “Social Self-Esteem Inventory” (IESS), and the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty percent of participants have a problematic Instagram use. Correlational analysis revealed that behavioural characteristics and social comparison orientation are positively associated with problematic Instagram use, while physical and social self-esteem were negatively associated with it. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that social comparison orientation, physical self-esteem, number of hours spent on Instagram and number of followers were the most powerful predictors of problematic Instagram use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Results provide a better understanding regarding to psychological factors linked to problematic Instagram use and allow to consider therapeutic and preventive interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 4","pages":"Pages 481-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130998529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratégies d’acculturation, jugement et (dés)approbation sociale chez les immigrés : une approche intra-groupe","authors":"N.M. Ouoba ,&nbsp;C. Badea ,&nbsp;S. Guimond ,&nbsp;A. Nugier","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Few studies in France have examined the impact of acculturation strategies chosen by immigrants on intra-group relations. However, facing rejection from one's peers or evolving in a different way in the host country can be as important as being accepted by the majority. This study aims to address this deficit by investigating immigrants’ acculturation preferences, social judgements and social approval towards a target of the same origin according to its acculturation profile.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>In two studies of Malagasy (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->111) and Maghrebi (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->106) immigrants, participants were presented with a fictional portrait of a Malagasy or Maghrebi immigrant adopting an assimilation or separation strategy. Participants were asked to report their evaluation of the target (competence, sociability, morality) and their approval of the target. Their own inclination towards acculturation strategies was measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Assimilationist targets are perceived as more competent (study 1) and more sociable (studies 1 and 2) than separatist targets. Malagasy participants were more likely to perceive the assimilationist target as less moral when they were inclined to separatism. North African participants perceive the assimilationist target as more moral when they themselves prefer assimilation. Both samples approve of the target's assimilation strategy more if they themselves are inclined toward it.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results revealed that participants’ preference for different acculturation strategies could increase their perceptions of the target's morality and their approval of his/her acculturation strategy, especially when there was congruence of the target's acculturation with that of the participants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 3","pages":"Pages 387-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49875179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passion et profil de toxic-handler chez les bénévoles du scoutisme et de l’éducation populaire","authors":"J. Bruno ,&nbsp;C. Martin-Krumm ,&nbsp;C. Tarquinio","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Popular education is an educational method based on the education of the people by the people and for the people, with the objective of improving the social system and achieving individual and collective development. Scouting's mission is to contribute to building a better world by training committed citizens, aware of the problems of their society and committed to solving them. This type of commitment takes time and energy and can lead to the development of a passion. Passion is one of the predictors of self-compassion, and self-compassion may be linked to another construct: the toxic-handlers.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To test self-compassion level by toxic-handlers, the links between toxic-handlers and passion in volunteering and to analyze the impacts on the perceived health of volunteers and the development of different toxic-handler profiles.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 381 volunteers in scouting and popular education. The questionnaire was completed online by the participants via LimeSurvey.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The concept of toxic-handler appears to be independent of the dualistic model of passion. In contrast, significant differences were found between the toxic-handler profile developed and depression, self-compassion, coping strategies, emotional balance, and some dimensions of burnout.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Volunteers are observable and analyzable through the prism of toxic-handling. Self-compassion would seem to be one of the explanatory factors of the profile that individuals develop. New diagnostic and support tools must be developed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 3","pages":"Pages 373-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49875178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vécu psychologique de la sexualité chez les patientes endométriosiques douloureuses","authors":"C. Guillemot,&nbsp;J. Klinkenberg,&nbsp;F. Sordes","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The main objective of this qualitative study was to explore the relationship to sexuality of patients with painful endometriosis.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Sixteen women participated in a semi-structured interview that asked about their experience with the disease, their sexuality, the emotional sphere and the coping strategies they used to deal with potential difficulties.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The thematic analysis of all the interviews enabled us to consider the impact of pain on the sexuality of women with endometriosis. Indeed, they suffer from sexual difficulties attributable to the feeling of pain but also to the anticipation of this same pain. The coping strategies put in place do not allow for a better well-being and provoke a vicious circle of emotional and cognitive fixation on the pain.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results lead us to rethink pain management and to consider the impact of this symptom on patients’ sexuality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 3","pages":"Pages 345-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49875176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence de la comparaison symbolique versus non symbolique sur le risque de difficultés d’apprentissage en mathématiques en éducation de la petite enfance","authors":"E. Aragón,&nbsp;C. Delgado,&nbsp;M.C. Canto,&nbsp;J.I. Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main goal of this study was to clarify if students at risk of Mathematics Learning Disabilities had deficits in symbolic, non-symbolic processing, or both. Other purpose was to know if the Open Algorithm Based on Numbers (OBN) teaching method offers advantages over Closed Algorithms Based on Ciphers (CBC) method. A total of 307 Early Childhood Education students participated in this study. Based on student’ scores obtained in Test of Early Mathematics Ability (TEMA-3), that assesses formal and informal thinking, three analysis groups were designed: low-performance group, average-performance group, and high-performance group. There were significant differences in symbolic comparison and, consequently, the <em>post hoc</em> analysis showed significant differences between all groups in symbolic comparison except between the High and Average groups calculation. However, there were no differences in non-symbolic comparison between any of the groups. The teaching method and the mathematical competence showed a significant effect only on the symbolic comparison, resulting in a small size of effect for both the method and the Early Math Competence rate. These data support the dual representation hypothesis, in which the non-symbolic magnitudes would activate the Numerical Approximation System (ANS) and the symbolic quantities an exact representation of the numbers. This being a significant source of mathematical learning that could contribute to the improvement of the ANS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 3","pages":"Pages 359-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49875177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’effet du sexe et de l’orientation sexuelle sur les jugements de responsabilité et l’attribution de sanctions dans les homicides conjugaux","authors":"S. Azoulay,&nbsp;M. Tostain","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Anglo-Saxon research shows that the evaluation of intimate partner violence varies according to the gender of the perpetrator and the victim.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this research was to clarify, in the French context, the effects of gender and sexual orientation on the perception of and reaction to intimate partner homicide.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We presented 201 subjects with an intimate partner homicide in a between-subjects procedure in which the sex of the perpetrator and the victim was varied and which involved opposite- or same-sex couples. The subjects were then asked to judge the perpetrator and the victim and decide on punishment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results show that the judgments of responsibility and punishment assignments are the most severe when the perpetrator is a man, the victim a woman, the least severe when the perpetrator is a woman, the victim a man. This difference is more present for women than for men. It is noted that the judgments for the author in the couples of same-sex (lesbian and especially gay) are more moderate, being most often between those of the couples of opposite sex.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In discussion, the impact of the sociological reality of intimate partner violence, gender representations and penal philosophies on these judgments and the interest of sensitizing judicial actors and jurors to these gender-related effects are evoked.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 3","pages":"Pages 327-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49875175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’acquisition de l’expertise ou l’abandon progressif du renforcement des processus génériques","authors":"G. Froger ,&nbsp;C. Blättler ,&nbsp;N. Bonnardel","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The repetition of multitasking episodes leads to a reinforcement of the generic and specific processes solicited, resulting in an improvement of the performance in these same tasks, up to a final state which corresponds to expertise. However, the expert's performance is attributed to processes considered as “domain specific”. Thus, the reinforcement of generic processes developed during the pathway to expertise seems to have disappeared. What happened to the reinforced generic processes? This review articulates several discrete theoretical fields: that of expertise acquisition (Logan, 1988), acquired expertise (Gobet &amp; Simon, 1996), dual-task situations (Pashler, 1994) and executive functions (Miyake et al., 2000). We show that it is possible to envisage reinforcement of executive functions throughout the process of developing expertise and we propose that this reinforcement ceases when expertise is acquired.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"68 3","pages":"Pages 427-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49874647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}