Psychologie Francaise最新文献

{"title":"Effets du bilinguisme précoce sur la flexibilité représentationnelle et procédurale dans le dessin du bonhomme","authors":"M. Adline,&nbsp;C. Lefevre","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present research aims to evaluate representational and procedural flexibility by comparing the performances of simultaneous bilingual children French-Arabic (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->28), successive bilingual children Tamil-French (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->21) and French monolinguals (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->24) at 5 years old and at 8 years old educated, in public school, in a disadvantaged neighborhood. The paradigm of the man that does not exist (Karmiloff-Smith, 1990) has been proposed to measure the ability to introduce graphic innovation into a familiar production and drawing a man by starting with the foot (Baldy, 2010) was used to evaluate the ability to make an usual pattern in an unusual way. The results show that bilingual children as young as 5 years old produce significantly more inter-categorical innovations than their monolingual peers while in monolingual children this capacity doesn’t appear until 8 years old. In procedural representations, the results are more nuanced. The underlying mechanisms that explain the best performance of bilingual children are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 3","pages":"Pages 189-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42695446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Évaluation-Cognition-Polyhandicap (ECP) : apports d’une approche qualitative dans l’élaboration et la validation d’un outil","authors":"A.-L. Poujol ,&nbsp;A. Boissel ,&nbsp;D. Guédon ,&nbsp;N. Guénolé ,&nbsp;D. Mellier ,&nbsp;R. Scelles","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Setting up a personalised project for any person with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) requires an evaluation of their cognitive skills. Nevertheless an international literature review highlights: a lack of adequate tools for evaluation of the cognitive skills of people with PIMD; the need to create standardised protocols. In 2009, Scelles et al. proposed the P2CJP–Profil de Compétences Cognitives du Jeune Polyhandicapé. This tool was designed for children up to 14 years of age. In 2017, this scale has been revised and extended to the adults, and called ECP (Evaluation-Cognition-PIMD).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>To elaborate and validate this tool, a statistical methodology has been combined with a qualitative process close to professionals and parents. The aim was to assess the relevance and the ergonomic of the ECP, the comprehension of items, the facility of use, the guideline and at least the effects regarding the practice.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The qualitative analyse of user backgrounds, at all validation stages, let adapt the ECP as well on the content as on the form. This work reveals the necessity to continue to adapt the ECP through interactions between users and searchers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 3","pages":"Pages 207-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41254254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived dyadic coping, anxiety, depression and satisfaction with life of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia","authors":"E. Cappe ,&nbsp;M. Bolduc ,&nbsp;A. Vilcoque ,&nbsp;L. Jammet ,&nbsp;S. Rostaing-Rigattieri ,&nbsp;S. Perrot ,&nbsp;A. Untas","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Women diagnosed with fibromyalgia<span> face a wide range of challenges impacting multiple aspects of their lives, such as their relationship with their partner. This study aims to examine how women diagnosed with fibromyalgia manage stress in their own couple and to investigate the role of dyadic coping in anxiety and depression symptoms, and in life satisfaction. Seventy-three women diagnosed with fibromyalgia and 73 matched women filled questionnaires to examine dyadic coping, anxiety and depression symptoms, and life satisfaction. Results show that women diagnosed with fibromyalgia perceived themselves and their partner as using more negative dyadic coping, more delegated dyadic coping and less common dyadic coping. Moreover, negative dyadic coping predicted higher anxiety symptoms and poorer life satisfaction. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of dyadic stress management in understanding psychological adjustment better in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia and the need to develop better-adapted interventions to support them effectively.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 3","pages":"Pages 259-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46992333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Végétarisme, végétalisme, véganisme : des comportements (alimentaires) au service de l’identité ? Une étude qualitative en population française","authors":"S. Mathieu,&nbsp;G. Dorard","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>These last years have been marked by an evolution as to how people feed themselves, highlighting a growing interest for vegetarian food. Vegetarianism at large refers to several types of food that are characterized by the partial or total exclusion of animal foods. This study aims at relating various elements associated to vegetarianism, such as eating motives, behaviors, self-perception and others’ perception, in relation with the notion of identity.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Participants were recruited via vegetarian and vegan (for food and for lifestyle) groups on Facebook, once their agreement was obtained. Six interviews were conducted by a clinical psychologist around the notion of being and identity related to food, as well as the food history of the individual and his/her family. The use of retrospective investigation makes possible to establish a continuity between the past and the current eating behavior. These interviews, once manually transcribed, were the subject of a complex semantic analysis via TROPES software (version 8.4).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed a major use of state's and identity's verbs (being, becoming, “I”) and the personal pronoun “we”, referring to a construction of both individual and collective identity around the diet. The commitment to vegetarian/vegan diet has been primarily motivated by ethical concern. And, positive feelings have emerged following the adoption of this type of diet, such as pride, inner purity and a sense of being healthy and holy. Despite the fact that their diet is ethically focused, participants spontaneously addressed the issue of weight and body image.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion/conclusion</h3><p>Whatever the food's history of participants, identifications to disorders related to body image or identifications to weight categories have preceded the identification to a specific diet. And the following of a vegetarian/vegan diet appears at the base of positive feelings toward oneself and a better self-esteem. So, we can assume that adopting a vegetarian/vegan diet could improve self-perception. Otherwise, the ethical choice mentioned by the participants, may be an acceptable sociable justification to control more or less the fate of their body (inside and outside). More research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of vegetarian/vegan diet, to explore the personality profiles of individuals and their relation to the body.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 3","pages":"Pages 273-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46880694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le burn-out est-il une entité nosographique distincte ?","authors":"F. Schmid,&nbsp;T. Huyghebaert,&nbsp;A. Bertrand,&nbsp;M. Cartier,&nbsp;K. Deleau,&nbsp;A. Henry,&nbsp;N. Stefaniak","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although it has largely been studied since the 1970s, it remains controversial to accurately define what the concept of burnout encompasses. Indeed, burnout is not consensually defined and, although some consider that it is a work-related illness, there is no clear diagnostic criteria. This problem is intensified by the fact that some studies present methodological limitations, thus impeding an appropriate characterization of burnout. As a consequence of this lack of agreement, burnout is not acknowledged as a work-related illness, which minimizes the pain of those individuals who are suffering from it. The present paper will review findings that can help to disentangle whether burnout should be considered as a medical diagnosis. Cultural differences concerning the consideration of burnout as a medical condition will be pointed out and the distinctiveness of burnout compared to depression, adjustment disorder or other stress related symptoms will be highlighted. Moreover, we will explain why considering that burnout belongs to broader diagnostic categories implies that the weight of employees’ discomfort mainly relies on personal causes and therefore weakens the role of existing working conditions. This paper will also summarize clinical, psychological and biological evidences for and against the inclusion of burnout as a medical condition, before embedding them in a wider social, political and economic context. More specifically, we will explain why burnout is intimately related to the political and economic situation of a country: when society promotes cost-effectiveness, it increases stress and psychological pressure, which makes a burnout more likely to appear. Furthermore, if burnout is recognized as a work-related disease, the consequences for organizations will be that they will have to pay for additional health care charges. Finally, more effective prevention techniques could be developed, and more appropriate care could be provided to patients, but only if an agreement on diagnostic criteria was obtained and if reliable assessment tools were developed. As long as these issues are not addressed, treatments specifically targeting burnout symptoms will be further delayed although it is a serious clinical condition associated with physical and psychological symptoms impairing patients’ quality of life. In conclusion, we suggest that burnout should be considered as a medical condition despite the economic and political impediments. Nevertheless, up to now, several methodological limitations preclude to reliably establish a pathological cut-off and to delineate burnout from other mental illnesses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 3","pages":"Pages 241-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) : validation de l’adaptation française auprès d’étudiants de première année","authors":"B. Chevrier,&nbsp;L. Lannegrand","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article focuses on the validation of the French adaptation of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS). According to the self-determination theory (SDT), this scale aims to assess satisfaction and frustration of the three basic psychological needs: competence, affiliation and autonomy. The objective of this research was to translate and validate the French version of the BPNSFS general context. The BPNSFS was completed by 1031 French students (<em>M</em>_<em>age</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->18.73; <em>SD</em>_<em>age</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.71; 66.89% of women). The psychometric properties were assessed through reliability, validity of construct based on internal structure, validity based on response processes and validity of prediction based on relations to other variables (i.e., self-worth and depression). The results confirmed the good reliability and validity of the scale. Therefore, the French version of the BPNSFS can be used to evaluate the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 3","pages":"Pages 289-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49026318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propriété égolytique des psychédéliques et intérêts dans le traitement de la dépression","authors":"B. Fauvel ,&nbsp;J. Mutlu ,&nbsp;P. Piolino","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Approximately a third of depressive patients doesn’t respond to classical treatments and never experiences remission, justifying the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Research on the effect of psychedelics on consciousness and their therapeutic use is currently re-exploding. New data confirm that the psychedelic experience with psychological support is well-tolerated and diminishes immediately and durably the symptoms associated with anxiety and depression. This article gathers neurophysiological and psychological arguments which posit that psychedelics’ effect on depressive symptoms is due to their egolytic properties. Ego roles are adaptive by sustaining a sense of personal unity, continuity over time, and by guiding behavior in a coherent manner. However, ego dysfunctions can lead to cognitive biases and schemas involved in several psychopathological conditions, such as depression. Therefore, ego is a cornerstone of psychotherapy. It is proposed that default mode network functions and organization are somewhat consistent with the description of the ego. In major depression, hyperconnectivity of the default mode network's brain areas causes ego-focused and stereotyped symptoms such as ruminations and excessive tendency to self-judgment. On the contrary, psychedelics disrupt the functional connectivity of brain areas belonging to the default mode network, causing ego dissolution and releasing consciousness from its constrains. As a result, a flow of supplementary bottom-up limbic information can reach consciousness and the subject experiences a mystical sense of connectedness with what is usually seen as external. Even if the psychedelic state is transitory, its benefits on depressive symptoms persist over time. The reason is that the psychedelic experience leads to phenomena of insights and long-term perspective shifts. Thus, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies appear as a promising option in the treatment of treatment-resistant depressions. Research on the effects of psychedelics in human is an exciting and promising field, which might continue to yield interesting results regarding their psychotherapeutic potentials and the link between brain and consciousness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 3","pages":"Pages 303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.09.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48134277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Réguler ses émotions quand on apprend, oui mais pourquoi ? Motivations à réguler ses émotions, buts émotionnels et stratégies de régulation émotionnelle mises en œuvre par des étudiants universitaires primo-arrivants en situation de préparation d’examen","authors":"Line Fischer ,&nbsp;Pierre Philippot ,&nbsp;Marc Romainville","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psfr.2020.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studying for the first exam period is a big challenge for freshmen students, especially because they must be able to regulate emotions emerging from this new learning situation. Indeed, it is now recognized that cognitions and emotions interact in learning and that emotion can hinder or support it. However, we argue that it is not only emotions per se but rather how students manage them in the targeted situation (i.e. their emotional regulation skills) that impacts students’ adaptation to this academic context. Using an online survey, this study explored motives in emotion regulation, emotion goals and concrete emotion regulation strategies implemented by students during the preparation of a significant course evaluation. It focuses both on “why” students engage in emotion regulation in the target situation and on “how” this regulation is implemented. A thematic content analysis, processing the data of the 235 respondents, indicates that different motivations in emotion regulation are present among students (hedonic and instrumental motivations to regulate emotions) and that these motivations can be plural among the same students. When instrumental and hedonic motivations are both reported, although the students’ discourse argues that hedonic motivation (feeling good/better) is at the service of instrumental motivation (studying the course), concrete SRE prioritize well-being, through distraction from the course, more than the study of the course (the SRE rarely supports learning). In addition, the most reported emotion regulation strategy is distraction from the course (taking a break and doing something to distract yourself from the course), even in the absence of motivational conflicts. As a result, the theoretical model of motivated regulation (Tamir, 2009; Tamir, 2015) applied to this learning situation offers an innovative reading of why and how university students attempt to manage their emotions in order to learn successfully. Although the current study approaches only the conscious side of emotion regulation, it provides an original perspective on this complex phenomenon without ignoring the context in which it emerges. Finally, this insight should help students, teachers and educational coaches to see emotion regulation as necessary for learning and to set up pedagogical and coaching practices that support the development of SRE, adapted to the learning situation and linked to the emotional states that students wish to experiment in order to optimize learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 3","pages":"Pages 223-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2020.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48413209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effet du niveau d’études sur les performances en mémoire épisodique chez des adultes âgés : rôle médiateur de la métamémoire","authors":"L. Guerrero-Sastoque ,&nbsp;B. Bouazzaoui ,&nbsp;L. Burger ,&nbsp;L. Taconnat","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2017.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2017.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Educational level is a factor of cognitive reserve and older adults with a higher level of formal education have a better memory performance than those having a lower educational level (Angel et al., 2010; Van Der Elst, Van Boxtel, Van Breukelen, &amp; Jolles, 2005). Memory functioning can also be modulated by the beliefs and knowledge of a person about his/her own memory, that is, by his/her metamemory (Hultsch, Hertzog, &amp; Dixon, 1987). The objective of this study was to examine the role of metamemory as a potential mediator of the effect of educational level on memory performance. Eighty-three older adults (60–80 years) participated in the experiment, they have been divided into two subgroups according to their educational level (high: 14.36 years and low level: 9.85 years). Episodic memory was evaluated with a cued recall task and metamemory by the Metamemory in Adulthood questionnaire (MIA). As shown by previous studies, results indicated that educational level had a significant effect on memory and metamemory, higher educational level was associated to better memory and metamemory capacities. At the MIA questionnaire, older adults with a high educational level affirmed using more internal and external strategies for learning, having higher motivation and perceiving less memory change with aging than older adults with a lower educational level. They also showed that the metamemory dimensions associated to the memory performance differed according to the educational level. For participants with a lower educational level, memory performance was correlated to the participants’ perception about their memory capacity and their knowledge about memory tasks, while for participants with a higher educational level, memory performance was correlated to the dimensions linked to memory control (strategies and motivation). Finally, the group effect was mediated by metamemory, specifically by the use of internal strategies. These results suggest that a prolonged educative experience would be associated to a better capacity to implement adapted strategies, which led individuals to maintain an optimal memory performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 2","pages":"Pages 111-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2017.05.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91709387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appel à articles pour un numéro spécial sur la pandémie du Covid-19","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.psfr.2021.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psfr.2021.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44717,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie Francaise","volume":"66 2","pages":"Pages 187-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psfr.2021.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91709376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}