European History Quarterly最新文献_第6页

Prisons in Transition? The Prison System During and After the Political Transition from the Francoist Dictatorship 过渡时期的监狱？从佛朗哥独裁政权政治过渡期间和之后的监狱系统

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231216301

César Lorenzo Rubio

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引用次数: 0

Critical and Comparative Reappraisals of the Greek Revolution 对希腊革命的批判性和比较性再评价

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231216406

George Kalpadakis

引用次数: 0

Staying in Control? Youth Reformatories, Social Fears and Social Change Under Francoism 保持控制？佛朗哥主义统治下的青年感化院、社会恐惧和社会变革

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231216298

Amélie Nuq

{"title":"Staying in Control? Youth Reformatories, Social Fears and Social Change Under Francoism","authors":"Amélie Nuq","doi":"10.1177/02656914231216298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231216298","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores continuity and change in Spain's reformatories. Looking at legal and normative documentation, we could argue, on the one hand, that the Franco dictatorship (1939–1975) found little need to change how the reformatories worked. The juvenile court system, on which they depended, displayed strong similarities to those operating elsewhere in the West, and my empirical study of 2,300 personal and administrative records indicates that the reformatories were always characterized by archaic practices and were chronically underfunded throughout Francoism. On the other hand, after analysing the evolving profiles of adolescents confined under Francoism, we can see the connections with both specific processes of regime-sanctioned change from the end of the 1950s – in particular massive, accelerated, internal rural-to-urban migration – and the goal of the dictatorship of preserving a particular form of social order by maintaining tight control of those sectors of the population it considered a danger (i.e., predominantly marginalized, male adolescents living on the edges of Spain's cities – in the shanty towns ( chabolas) or poor suburbs ( banlieues)). The article also looks at how families from different social classes interacted with the reformatories to achieve their own goals, which overlapped with the dictatorship's while remaining partly distinct.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not Recognizing the Political: Analyzing Franco's Long Dictatorship Through a Genealogy of its Prisoners 不承认政治：通过囚犯家谱分析佛朗哥的长期独裁统治

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231214917

Helen Graham, César Lorenzo Rubio

{"title":"Not Recognizing the Political: Analyzing Franco's Long Dictatorship Through a Genealogy of its Prisoners","authors":"Helen Graham, César Lorenzo Rubio","doi":"10.1177/02656914231214917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231214917","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes Francoism through its prison system – from the mass incarcerations of the 1940s (deployed as an instrument of overt political repression) to the gaols of the 1960s developmentalist dictatorship, by which time the majority of prisoners were not activists but the ‘ballast’/‘excess’ of high-speed industrialization/urbanization undertaken without any welfare safety net. The article discusses how the dictatorship conceived of the different groups it incarcerated, how it tried to manage them by ‘divide and rule’ and to what purpose. It explores prisoners’ counterstrategies and the paradox of ‘the political’ in a Francoist prison system which never used the term, yet saw each and every inmate as posing a threat to the dictatorship's ideology of ‘social peace’ (i.e., societal stasis). The article charts a prison transition by the early 1970s, from totalitarian to emerging neoliberal model, the latter still designed to ‘contain’ but no longer to ‘sculpt’ its inmates. Notwithstanding this key change, the article highlights core continuities in the prison system across forty years of Francoism: militarized discipline, rule by secret decree, ‘divide and rule’ strategies, and institutionalized abuse that was endemic and structural.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"346 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When Was the War in Spain? Liberal State, Illiberal Justice in the Twentieth Century 西班牙何时爆发战争？二十世纪的自由主义国家、非自由主义司法

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231216272

Helen Graham

{"title":"When Was the War in Spain? Liberal State, Illiberal Justice in the Twentieth Century","authors":"Helen Graham","doi":"10.1177/02656914231216272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231216272","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes increasingly militarized state power and public order in twentieth-century Spain, discussing these in the context of other European states’ disciplinary regimes, with their ubiquitous social-Darwinist dimension in an era of accelerating urbanization, industrial change and emergent mass societies. The article offers a dissection of the often problematically opaque term ‘liberal’, arguing that wherever Spain or other twentieth-century European states were positioned on the dictatorial-through-parliamentary-constitutional spectrum, they all came to be ‘gardening states’ (Bauman). Each state's goal was to sculpt its population as part of a nationalist project – nationalism being the norm, whether named as such or not. Francoism is analysed in this framework, as a hybrid war-born political order blending old-style, top-down military control with new forms of populist mass mobilization from below, the latter enabled and accelerated by the war of 1936–1939. The article defines the Franco dictatorship as fascist in the 1940s and totalitarian for far longer, until macro-economic changes – which its cupola believed for a long time need not affect the deep form of Spanish society – hollowed out Francoism's own ideological categories (and its ‘disciplinary’ efficacy), but not its obsession with social control, which it called ‘social peace’.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imagining Contagion: Epidemic, Prisons, and Franco Spain's Politics of Space, 1936–1945 想象传染：流行病、监狱和佛朗哥的西班牙空间政治，1936-1945 年

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231216874

Michael Richards

{"title":"Imagining Contagion: Epidemic, Prisons, and Franco Spain's Politics of Space, 1936–1945","authors":"Michael Richards","doi":"10.1177/02656914231216874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231216874","url":null,"abstract":"Recent accounting for disease in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War has been contained within study of hunger in the early 1940s. Historians have cited the typhus epidemic which hit Spain between 1939 and 1945 as demonstrating a causal link between widespread semi-starvation and disease. Though important, the focus on hunger risks losing sight of other vital elements in the onset and transmission of typhus, however, as well as the way the epidemic's progress sheds light on population movement as central to the broader social history of the war and its aftermath. By paying close attention to epidemiological records, this article argues that the direct causes of typhus and its vertiginous spread were primarily ideological and spatial. It shows first how the war's victors used the language of political and bacterial contagion to claim spuriously that the wartime Republic was responsible for the epidemic. It then demonstrates how the intense confinement on a huge scale of those linked to the Republic was at the root of the disease. Transmission depended on this mass imprisonment and on the increased circulation of families to support those in captivity. Finally, typhus influenced the social imagination of the Franco regime and its anxiety about hygiene, prisons, and control of the movement of the urban poor.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"37 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Re-Reading Francoism to Re-Read Post-1945 Europe 导言：重读佛朗哥主义以重读 1945 年后的欧洲

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231214912

Helen Graham

引用次数: 0

Forging New Instruments of Mass Social Control from Traditional Materials: The Disciplinary Role of Catholic Church Personnel in Franco's State Prison System of the 1940s and 1950s 从传统材料中锻造新的大众社会控制工具：天主教会人员在二十世纪四五十年代佛朗哥国家监狱系统中的惩戒作用

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231214932

Gutmaro Gómez Bravo

{"title":"Forging New Instruments of Mass Social Control from Traditional Materials: The Disciplinary Role of Catholic Church Personnel in Franco's State Prison System of the 1940s and 1950s","authors":"Gutmaro Gómez Bravo","doi":"10.1177/02656914231214932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231214932","url":null,"abstract":"Francoism's repression of its civilian population was based on a massified prison system and parallel system of punitive parole. At their core were religious personnel who fulfilled key disciplinary functions for the new state. By the latter stages of the civil war (1936–1939), church and lay Catholic personnel had already produced the legal justifications to underpin the repression. They blended older quasi-theocratic and anti-egalitarian philosophy to meet the disciplinary needs of the new moment where a politically mobilized society was challenging older forms of traditional order and hierarchy (before and during the war). This church–state symbiosis in Spain was already explicit by the early-twentieth century. After World War Two, as before it, Franco's ‘National-Catholic’ dictatorship deployed religious personnel speaking an antiquated language of ‘re-Christianization’ and ‘religious conversion’ to impose a modern, state disciplinary project – i.e., the sculpting and close surveillance of its population. Given the Church's full participation in this ‘divine totalitarianism’, it was paradoxical that by the time of Cold War ascendancy in the mid-1950s, it would be the same Church providing an alibi for Franco's state – in which judicial and penal systems remained militarized, and the everyday lives of its population closely controlled – to reassure Western interlocutors, who were themselves mostly socially conservative and/or Christian-Democratic, of Francoism's ‘non-totalitarian’ nature.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"231 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Citizens, Subjects, Enemies: The First World War and Citizenship Policies in the Italian Colonies 公民、臣民、敌人：第一次世界大战与意大利殖民地的公民政策

IF 0.3 3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231216611

Nicola Camilleri

{"title":"Citizens, Subjects, Enemies: The First World War and Citizenship Policies in the Italian Colonies","authors":"Nicola Camilleri","doi":"10.1177/02656914231216611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231216611","url":null,"abstract":"There are few research fields in European history that have received as much scholarly attention over the last few years as citizenship and the First World War. While this is also true for the Italian case, there is still a striking absence of research on citizenship laws in the colonial territories under Italian sovereignty. The present article addresses this gap and challenges the long-established assumption – due to an all too narrow focus on the historical military framework – that the First World War did not really affect the colonies of the Kingdom of Italy. An investigation of how the legal status of the colonial population – especially in Eritrea, on the one hand, and in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, on the other – was regulated, but also contested, claimed and negotiated, both during the conflict and in its immediate aftermath, reveals that a global event like the First World War actually had a significant impact on the Italian territories in the Horn of Africa and in North Africa. To illustrate this point, the article adopts an approach based on local players in the colonies rather than on legislators or policymakers in the metropole. Contemporary sources collected from several different archives are used to retrace personal stories and administrative processes which reveal important aspects in the story not only of Italian colonialism but of the Italian state in general. Citizenship in the Italian territories in Africa, as much as in other European colonies, was marked by the prejudicial concept of the backwardness of Africans, who were thus excluded from metropolitan citizenship. Beyond that, the article highlights utilitarianism as a concept that can help us to understand how Italy dealt with the inhabitants of its colonies during the First World War.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: V. I. Nevskii – uchastnik i istorik pervoi rossiiskoi revoliutsii by M. V. Zelenov 书评：V. I. Nevskii - uchastnik i istorik pervoi rossiiskoi revoliutsii by M. V. Zelenov

3区历史学

European History Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199945z

John Biggart

引用次数: 0