Asian Bioethics Review最新文献_第2页

Locating Caste in SDGs: A Critical Analysis of Caste Discrimination and Its Implications for India’s Development Agenda 在可持续发展目标中定位种姓：种姓歧视的批判性分析及其对印度发展议程的影响

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00377-x

Karamala Areesh Kumar, Prajwal T V, Edberg D. Cheeran, Abdul Rehman

{"title":"Locating Caste in SDGs: A Critical Analysis of Caste Discrimination and Its Implications for India’s Development Agenda","authors":"Karamala Areesh Kumar, Prajwal T V, Edberg D. Cheeran, Abdul Rehman","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00377-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00377-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the influence of caste discrimination and marginalisation of Dalit and Adivasi communities in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Indian context. This study argues that India cannot fully achieve its SDG commitments without addressing caste-based inequities. It proposes an intersectional approach to SDG implementation by including caste within the development debate to ensure that marginalised communities are integral to India’s developmental trajectory. Although caste-based discrimination was declared illegal in 1950, it remains a deeply rooted system of stigmatisation, segregation and exclusion, influencing access to resources, education, healthcare and economic opportunities. Adopted by the UN in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to promote inclusive progress by addressing global issues such as poverty, hunger, health, education, inequality and climate change. Informed by the spirit of ‘leaving no one behind’, the SDGs mention ‘race’, income, gender, disability, ethnicity, origin, religion and economic or other status. The SDG framework has ignored the caste structure despite SDG-1 (eradicating poverty), SDG-2 (zero hunger), SDG-4 (quality education), SDG-6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG-8 (decent jobs), SDG-10 (reduced disparities) and SDG-16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) are all directly impacted by caste-based exclusion. Marginalised caste groups, constituting more than 25% of India’s population, face systemic barriers, including limited access to education and employment, landlessness and economic exploitation. Reports show that Dalits and Adivasis remain among the most economically and socially vulnerable populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"433 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attitudes Towards the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Conjoint Analysis Survey in Singapore 对医疗保健中使用人工智能的态度：新加坡的联合分析调查

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00380-2

Hui Jin Toh, Hui Yun Chan, Thomas Ploug, Søren Holm, Tamra Lysaght

{"title":"Attitudes Towards the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Conjoint Analysis Survey in Singapore","authors":"Hui Jin Toh, Hui Yun Chan, Thomas Ploug, Søren Holm, Tamra Lysaght","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00380-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00380-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Novel artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used as a clinical decision support tool in healthcare. Despite AI’s growing use and improved quality in clinical decision-making, questions persist about potential harms and the lack of transparency in their algorithms. Implementation of AI technologies in healthcare must align with local norms and ethical standards if the purported benefits are to be achieved in specific contexts. Using choice-based conjoint analysis, we examined how Singaporeans evaluate different principles related to AI decision-making in healthcare. Six attributes were included: decision type, severity, explainability, quality, responsibility, and discrimination. Among 596 respondents, 51% reported fear that AI would unintentionally harm humans, while 87% feared increased surveillance. Responsibility had the highest relative importance (31.5%) for AI use in healthcare, followed by explainability (27.7%) and discrimination (15.9%). The most valued attribute levels were AI recommendations being as explainable as doctors’, doctors retaining responsibility for treatment decisions, and AI systems being tested for discrimination. Our respondents showed higher levels of trust, hope, and fear toward AI, with a stronger preference for explainability over doctor responsibility. While having AI outperform doctors in generating clinical suggestions is desirable, principles such as explainability, human oversight, and fairness are more important for the people whose lives AI will impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"371 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-025-00380-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Mental Health Care: Policy Directions in South Korea’s Mental Health Welfare Act 在精神卫生保健中导航伦理困境：韩国精神卫生福利法的政策方向

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00371-3

Yuri Lee

{"title":"Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Mental Health Care: Policy Directions in South Korea’s Mental Health Welfare Act","authors":"Yuri Lee","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00371-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00371-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Act on the Improvement of Mental Health and the Support for Welfare Services for Mental Patients (2017) marks a significant reform in South Korea’s mental health system. This study reviews the legal amendments from 2016 to 2023, alongside the mental health policies and programs published in the Health and Welfare White Paper during the same period. The focus is on the ethical challenges and future directions in mental health care, analyzed through the lens of Beauchamp and Childress’ four principles of biomedical ethics—autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. In conducting this study, we performed a focused document analysis of legislative amendments and policy reports published between 2016 and 2023. We selected and reviewed the Health and Welfare White Papers and the official amendments to the Mental Health Welfare Act according to predefined inclusion criteria, focusing on relevance to mental health governance and ethical considerations. This paper evaluates how key provisions of the Act address involuntary admission, patient autonomy, the expansion of services, and the integration of mental health care into broader welfare systems. Moreover, by incorporating public health ethics concepts such as equity, solidarity, and the common good, this study highlights the importance of balancing individual rights with broader societal needs—especially during public health crises—to ensure comprehensive and inclusive mental health governance. Additionally, it proposes future policy directions to enhance patient autonomy, maximize well-being, and ensure equitable access to services, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and low-income groups. Key recommendations include developing informed consent protocols, expanding telemedicine and community-based care, and addressing digital health equity. This paper contributes to ongoing discussions on mental health reform and bioethics, emphasizing the importance of equitable mental health care as a fundamental component of social justice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"279 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Hope in Improving the Physician–Patient Relationship: A Comparative Study of the Persian Medicine Ethical Viewpoint with Modern Medical Ethics 希望在改善医患关系中的作用：波斯医学伦理学与现代医学伦理学的比较研究

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00374-0

Mohsen-Keyhan Soltani, Mohsen Naseri, Jamal Shams, Farzaneh Ghaffari, Majid Taheri, Fatemeh Alijaniha, Seyedeh Fatemeh Jafari

{"title":"The Role of Hope in Improving the Physician–Patient Relationship: A Comparative Study of the Persian Medicine Ethical Viewpoint with Modern Medical Ethics","authors":"Mohsen-Keyhan Soltani, Mohsen Naseri, Jamal Shams, Farzaneh Ghaffari, Majid Taheri, Fatemeh Alijaniha, Seyedeh Fatemeh Jafari","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00374-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00374-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the role of hope in disease recovery, it is not considered a component of the physician–patient relationship in modern medical literature. However, Persian medicine (PM) believes that hope should always be inspired. We explored this issue by comparing the PM opinions with those of modern medical ethics (MME). Using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on historical library evidence, we investigated the ideas of two famous Persian thinkers. After classifying the data on the areas related to the physician–patient relationship in PM and MME, the role of “hope-giving” was compared with four principles of biomedical ethics. We found that the physician’s obligations to the patient were similar in the two perspectives. The only difference was the emphasis of the sages on “always giving hope to the patient,” which did not seem to follow the principle of truth-telling in MME. An in-depth analysis of the concept in both perspectives resolved this disagreement by indicating that the PM principle of “always giving hope to the patient” was in line with the four principles of MME. It is suggested that hope-giving skills should be included in the physician training system to improve the physician–patient relationship and achieve better outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"265 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights from the Coalface of Bioethics 来自生命伦理学的见解

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Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00394-w

Graeme T. Laurie

引用次数: 0

Navigating Structural Tensions: Australian Surrogacy Facilitators’ Understanding on Children’s Rights in Cross-Border Surrogacy 导航结构性紧张：澳大利亚代孕促进者对跨境代孕中儿童权利的理解

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00364-2

Yingyi Luo

{"title":"Navigating Structural Tensions: Australian Surrogacy Facilitators’ Understanding on Children’s Rights in Cross-Border Surrogacy","authors":"Yingyi Luo","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00364-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00364-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within cross-border surrogacy, particularly in consumer countries, the protection of children’s human rights presents complex and significant challenges. This study examines how Australian surrogacy facilitators perceive and navigate the rights of children born through such arrangements. Despite striving to adopt child-centred practices, facilitators face structural barriers, including conflicting interests between intended parents and children, the commodification of children in surrogacy contracts, and legal ambiguities around parental relationships. These challenges create a persistent tension between the universal recognition of children as independent rights holders and the practical demands of facilitating surrogacy arrangements. The findings highlight the need for robust regulatory frameworks and clearer accountability mechanisms to ensure children’s rights are upheld. This study advances the scholarship on surrogacy and human rights and informs the ongoing review of Australian surrogacy laws, emphasizing the need for stronger protections for children in international surrogacy arrangements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"135 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-025-00364-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Should Malaysia Widen Patient Access to Medical Records? An Ethical Analysis 马来西亚是否应该扩大患者获取医疗记录的渠道？伦理分析

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00359-z

Astrid Sinarti Hassan

{"title":"Should Malaysia Widen Patient Access to Medical Records? An Ethical Analysis","authors":"Astrid Sinarti Hassan","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00359-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00359-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the ethical justification for wider patient access to their own medical records, focusing on utilitarian and deontological perspectives. At present, despite acknowledging that patients have rights to their medical records in Malaysia, this access is restricted. The utilitarian approach, rooted in consequentialist theory, advocates for actions that produce the greatest benefit for most people. It emphasises that patient access to medical records can enhance patient empowerment, engagement and overall health outcomes. Despite concerns from healthcare providers about potential patient confusion and misinterpretation, empirical studies indicate that patients generally benefit from access, feeling more in control and involved in their healthcare decisions. Conversely, Kant’s deontological theory prioritises the morality of actions based on their inherent nature rather than outcomes. It supports unrestricted patient access as a moral obligation, emphasising respect for patient autonomy and truth-telling. According to this theory, withholding information from competent patients is ethically unjustifiable and infringes on their rights. Both ethical frameworks reveal significant patient benefits and challenge the traditional paternalistic approach of healthcare providers. This paper concludes that wider patient access to medical records in Malaysia is ethically justifiable and beneficial, urging legal and ethical reforms to support this practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"211 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-025-00359-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solones, Solo Reproduction and Vice 独奏，独奏复制和罪恶。

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Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00381-1

Anantharaman Muralidharan, Julian Savulescu

引用次数: 0

Knowledge and Perceptions of Members and Staff of Ethics Committees and Investigators in China toward Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Research 中国伦理委员会成员、工作人员和调查人员对临床研究中利益冲突的认识和看法

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00361-5

Dan Liu, Zhou Jiyin

{"title":"Knowledge and Perceptions of Members and Staff of Ethics Committees and Investigators in China toward Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Research","authors":"Dan Liu, Zhou Jiyin","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00361-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00361-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This survey analyzes the knowledge and perceptions of members and staff of ethics committee and investigators toward conflicts of interest in clinical research. This cross-sectional survey in China included 324 respondents from November to December 2022. The 12-item questionnaire estimated the knowledge of respondents on conflicts of interest and correct answers were given by at least 47%. According to perception scores, most respondents (88%) believed that strengthening conflicts of interest management was necessary, such as through national government, institutional regulation, ethics training, avoidance systems, timely reporting, the declaration and management of nonfinancial conflicts of interest, and the assessment of relevant conflicts of interest for the chief reviewer. However, less believed it was necessary to establish a conflicts of interest committee in institutions (74.1%), to enroll more members from other institutions (61.4%), and to avoid appointing a scientific research department leader as the chairperson of ethics committee (72.5%). Technical title and ethics training both significantly affected median knowledge scores (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Further, technical title and ethics training also had an obvious influence on the average perception score (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These findings are critical for enhancing conflicts of interest management in clinical research in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"33 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender and Socio-Economic Inequities in Social Listening: Evidence from Two Quantitative Case Studies in India 社会倾听中的性别和社会经济不平等：来自印度两个定量案例研究的证据。

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00383-z

Srishti Goel, Sonia Lewycka, Deepshikha Batheja

{"title":"Gender and Socio-Economic Inequities in Social Listening: Evidence from Two Quantitative Case Studies in India","authors":"Srishti Goel, Sonia Lewycka, Deepshikha Batheja","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00383-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00383-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social listening has emerged as a powerful tool for bridging the gap between public health messaging and the diverse needs of communities. Its focus, however, has primarily centered on monitoring social media platforms for public health communication and managing infodemics, thereby neglecting a considerable segment of the population, especially in low- and middle-income countries, with no internet access. Within low- and middle-income countries, established social and cultural norms and financial constraints contribute to gender disparities in both access and social acceptance of educational attainment and mobile phone use by women. Our research explores the influence of gender and socio-economic status on engagement with social media and its use as an information source. We use two case studies involving urban and rural settings in India. In the first case study, the surveyed sample in the urban setting comprised 1565 men and 1133 women employed in the call center industry across five cities in India. In the second case study, a total of 723 men and 748 women were surveyed in the rural Karnataka region in India. Our key findings indicate that women tend to use social media platforms less frequently than men for accessing news, and their economic status and caste shape their reliance on social media for essential health information. These findings underscore the necessity to integrate both online and offline data sources in social listening and health communication efforts, in order to mitigate the digital divide within communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"385 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0