Asian Bioethics Review最新文献

{"title":"The WHO Pandemic Agreement’s Missing Epistemic Architectures: Infodemics and Antimicrobial Resistance as Examples","authors":"Calvin Wai Loon Ho,&nbsp;Karel Caals","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00387-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00387-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On 20 May 2025, the 78^th World Health Assembly adopted the World Health Organization’s Pandemic Agreement (PA). With the benefit of lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic, the PA rightly focuses on advancing equity, but we are concerned that the PA appears to apply equity narrowly as distributive justice and neglects epistemic justice. Using infodemics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as examples, we argue that the PA misses epistemic architectures. We first explain why infodemics are an important public health concern that the PA seeks to address, even though it does not clearly mention them. We then explain why equity must be interpreted to include epistemic justice. Using infodemics as an example, we subsequently discuss how the epistemic architecture of the PA on infodemics will need to be set out clearly as an annex to the PA or through the adoption of an additional protocol. We note in particular that the PA could help to draw together different normative and human rights approaches and frameworks to meet the requirements of epistemic justice. A similar challenge applies to AMR as an epistemically complex phenomenon, and our argument is that a global response to AMR will require a just and equitable epistemic architecture that the PA could lay the foundation for.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"495 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Listening in Infodemic Management: Insights from Preparatory Work on Ethical Guidance","authors":"Calvin W. L. Ho,&nbsp;Karel Caals","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00384-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00384-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"375 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Listening in Infodemic Management: The Start of a Conversation on the Normative Challenges of Infodemics","authors":"Calvin W. L. Ho,&nbsp;Karel Caals","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00385-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00385-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"369 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appreciating the Personnel of Bioethics","authors":"Graeme T. Laurie","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00386-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00386-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"527 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational Responsibility: Bringing the Wider Social Environment into the Analysis","authors":"Serene Ong,&nbsp;Julian Savulescu","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00379-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00379-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current conceptions of special responsibilities often adopt a narrow, individualistic lens that fails to consider the broader socio-relational context. In response to this gap, we propose a concept of relational responsibility that emphasises the interconnectedness of individuals and the wider societal context in which they exist. We posit that assigning relational responsibilities should not solely hinge on the voluntary nature of one’s relationships, but rather on the intrinsic value of these connections, as determined by individuals who hold pertinent roles within those relationships or who would be impacted by the definition of value. Our account acknowledges that many responsibilities, especially in caregiving contexts, are not chosen freely, and there should be normative limits to protect individuals from unreasonable burdens. Recognising the role of structural conditions in shaping responsibilities, we argue that collectives with the capacity and resources have an obligation to support individuals by mitigating these burdens and creating just conditions for care. This relational and structural reframing offers a more ethically attuned and practically responsive understanding of responsibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"321 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7618974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Why are Menstruating Women in India Removing their Wombs?’ Neoliberalism and Reproductive Justice: Unveiling the ‘Womb Divide’","authors":"Shahida Shahida","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00356-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00356-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper employs a critical lens rooted in neoliberalism to scrutinize the stark dichotomy surrounding the female reproductive organ, ‘womb’. On the one hand, it is commodified for commercial purposes through surrogacy, while on the other hand, procedures like ‘hysterectomy’ are promoted as solutions to complications arising from menstruation or unwanted pregnancies, often interfering with women’s demanding lives as labourers to enhance productivity. Utilizing a case study approach, this research delves into the experiences of migrant workers hailing from Beed district in Maharashtra and the underlying cases leading to surrogacy reforms aiming to protect the vulnerable groups highlighting the gaps in the present Surrogacy Regulation Act 2021 (SRA), Surrogacy (Regulation) Rules, 2022 and recent amendments which have failed to do justice to all stakeholders. Further, the study aims to uncover the challenges, gender dynamics, and socio-economic disparities that contribute to the marginalization and segregation faced by women from underprivileged background. Residing amidst economic deprivation, the lives of poor working women are characterized by precariousness and exploitative circumstances often silencing or misleading them into oppressive systems jeopardising their mental, physical, and reproductive health. These harsh realities prompt crucial inquiries into reproductive justice, shedding light on how feminist perspectives in neoliberal states have failed to address reproductive injustices. In particular, the study advocates the need for a more nuanced understanding of the intersectionality of gender, economic disparity, and education in shaping the lived experiences of these vulnerable populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"93 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering the Discourse: the Role of Engineers in the Health Infodemic","authors":"Michelle Liu,&nbsp;Samantha Fowler","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00352-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00352-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the era of rapid information exchange, engineers and computer scientists are not merely creators of technology but vital players in the shaping of public discourse, including in the context of serious health threats like the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the dis/misinformation surrounding public health risks, this work will dissect the mechanisms that enable disinformation and explore how design decisions, algorithmic biases, and lack of regulation contribute to the spread of false information. Design decisions that include simplified sharing mechanisms, limited word counts, and basing the platforms in the sharing of emotional stories drive confirmation biases and discourage fact-checking. Users are further trapped by their past behaviors in algorithm-based echo chambers that repeat false information. These effects are solidified by failed regulation attempts and backfire effects, as well as barriers to regulation from organizations. Thus, the built infrastructure and embedded algorithms of these digital platforms create breeding grounds for disinformation. By indirectly governing social listening, engineers and computer scientists can actively influence the distribution and credibility of information, thus impacting public trust and health decisions. This work will further analyze the professional, ethical, and human rights responsibilities of the engineering profession as architects of social media and other digital platforms. In Ontario, Canada, the engineering profession’s specific responsibilities include statutory duties to serve the public interest, ethical obligations that are both statutory and normative, and compliance with laws related to privacy, human rights, and communication. This work contends that as a player in infodemics, engineering ethics education must shift away from a rules-based approach to instead prioritize social responsibility and foster engagement with societal and political dimensions of technology and its consequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"463 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South Korea’s Health Misinformation Response during COVID-19: A Narrative-Thematic Analysis","authors":"Sophia Wasti,&nbsp;Hajeong Lee,&nbsp;Hannah Kim","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00323-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00323-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infodemics have emerged as a serious contemporary challenge to public health, especially in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This paper conducts a narrative thematic analysis exploring the South Korean response to the public health risks caused by misinformation, critically examining the legal, social, and ethical dimensions of dealing with the difficulties posed by health misinformation, identifying the following key themes: limitations posed by existing law in South Korea, government policies as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, self-regulation in the private sector and mitigation of the social impacts of COVID-19 misinformation. The paper offers a thematic exploration of South Korea’s integrated policy response to health misinformation within the context of the global COVID-19 infodemic and highlights the South Korean effort to balance the protection of public health and welfare with citizen’s individual rights to freedom of expression and the necessity of flexibility and adaptive policies to effectively counter COVID-19 misinformation. It observes the importance of effective public health communication and provides insight useful for dealing with potential future challenges arising from the proliferation of health misinformation and mitigating the adverse impacts of infodemics on public health initiatives, using the example of South Korea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"425 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Listening and its Issues: What can the Precautionary Principle Advice?","authors":"Hai Thanh Doan","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00369-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00369-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently initiated “social listening”. The first section of this paper investigates conceptual aspects of social listening. It demonstrates that the WHO’s descriptions of social listening are vague and inconsistent. Notwithstanding this, <i>possibly</i>, the WHO-envisaged social listening is constituted by three core components: (i) listening and monitoring, (ii) understanding, and (iii) engaging and nudging. It follows that there is an inherent relatedness between WHO-envisaged social listening and other “social-listening” activities. It follows that to investigate issues of or related to social listening, the inquiry should be broadened to general practices of “social listening”, and experiences related to these must be considered. In the second section, this paper finds several issues with or related to social listening, including bad faith uses, the difficulty of identifying misinformation and punishing it, the echo chambers problem, issues concerning nudging, concerns about policy preset position, concerns for the management and prioritization of resources, and concerns about overlapping between social listening activities. Thus, social listening should be subject to certain rules. In the third section, this paper argues that social listening should be subject to the precautionary principle. Doan, Nie, and Fenton projected that the central teleology, the purpose, and the modus operandi of the precautionary principle could be identified in various policy and legal instruments and propositions, accordingly, the precautionary principle entails, <i>inter alia</i>, proactive preparation for public health matters, specifically emergencies, and assessment, e.g. risk–benefit analysis, taking into account uncertainty and past experiences. They showed the normative validity and necessity of applying the precautionary principle in its “<i>moderate versions</i>” to public health matters. It follows from this and the rationale underlying and the range of rules of the precautionary principle that the precautionary principle can offer some insights, solutions, and mechanisms to remedy issues posed by or related to social listening.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"401 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Cares How Information Feels? A Call for Digital Influence Literacy","authors":"Theresa M. Senft","doi":"10.1007/s41649-024-00350-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-024-00350-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article introduces digital influence literacy, arguing for its inclusion in programs devoted to lessening the spread of health misinformation online. Influence literacy can be roughly understood as the capacity to recognise, analyse, navigate, and emotionally regulate feeling as it is generated, circulated and monetized over digital platforms, alternately experienced by social media users as mood, movement, sentiment, or environmental vibe. Combining insights from communications, social and behavioural psychology, digital design, and trauma studies, influence literacy can be used to better understand events like #FilmYourHospital, where a single rumour on Twitter wound up feeding into a global conspiracy. It can also be used to better appreciate how trends, memes, challenges, and calls for justice move from online spaces to offline ones. After arguing that traditional media literacy’s assumptions about the value of emotional communication require substantial re-thinking in the age of platforms, this article lays the groundwork for topics that might be included in discussions on influence, moving from psycho-social theories of feeling to techno-social operations like emotion recognition, sentiment mining, persuasive computing and emotion optimization on platforms. To assist those looking to add influence literacy to classrooms, a teaching framework called the Influence Ecosphere is offered, with discussion topics suggested to help supplement media literacy’s traditional focus on rights with a feeling-based ethics of care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"17 3","pages":"477 - 493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12304360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}