Asian Bioethics Review最新文献_第3页

Global Horrendous Evil: A Cautionary Tale Against Procreation 全球可怕的邪恶：一个反对生育的警示故事

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00382-0

Tianxiang Lan

引用次数: 0

Relational Autonomy, Dementia, and AI-Based Care Robots: Ethical Aspects of Using Machines to Care for People with Dementia 关系自主、痴呆症和基于人工智能的护理机器人：使用机器照顾痴呆症患者的伦理问题

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00363-3

Mario Kropf

{"title":"Relational Autonomy, Dementia, and AI-Based Care Robots: Ethical Aspects of Using Machines to Care for People with Dementia","authors":"Mario Kropf","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00363-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00363-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the care sector, professionals face numerous challenges, for example due to a lack of resources, overburdened wards, or stressful situations with patients. In order to counter these and other stress factors, technical means have been increasingly assigned for some years, including care robots. These machines are intended to counteract staff shortages, relieve the burden on nurses, or generally consider the technical component of care. Numerous authors have dealt with ethical aspects surrounding these machines. However, the thematization of people with dementia and the associated question of relational autonomy through the use of AI-based care robots has been neglected so far. To this end, the first step is to consider dementia with reference to relational autonomy. These people are dependent on help, particularly due to the physical and mental impairments that become increasingly apparent in the course of dementia. In this context, a relational understanding of autonomy seems useful. In a second step, AI-based care robots and their current capabilities are presented. In the third step, ethical challenges and opportunities that arise from the integration of these machines for people with dementia are presented. To this end, the notion of relational autonomy is used on the one hand, and on the other hand, special reference is made to (1) a new interaction, (2) mobility, and (3) communication. It will be shown that relational aspects of autonomy can be realized to a certain extent by these robot companions, thus contributing to the care for people with dementia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"299 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-025-00363-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promoting Dialogue and Debate in Bioethics 促进生命伦理学的对话和辩论

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00401-0

Graeme T. Laurie

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Knowledge and Perceptions of Members and Staff of Ethics Committees and Investigators in China toward Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Research 修正：中国伦理委员会成员和工作人员以及调查人员对临床研究中利益冲突的认识和看法

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00405-w

Dan Liu, Jiyin Zhou

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Benefits and Harms of RNAi-Based Pesticides Through the Lens of Islamic Bioethics 从伊斯兰生物伦理学的角度评估基于rnai的农药的利弊

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00370-4

Muhammad Faiz E. Suasono, Muhammad Safwan Harun, Nurzatil Sharleeza Mat Jalaluddin

{"title":"Assessing the Benefits and Harms of RNAi-Based Pesticides Through the Lens of Islamic Bioethics","authors":"Muhammad Faiz E. Suasono, Muhammad Safwan Harun, Nurzatil Sharleeza Mat Jalaluddin","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00370-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00370-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RNA interference (RNAi)–based pesticide technology is an alternative to synthetic pesticides or transgenic plants that are able to control, repel, or eliminate pests that could cause harm to crops or livestock. A notable example is Calantha™, the first commercially approved sprayable RNAi biopesticide, which received approval from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2024. Although RNAi technology holds promise with many potential benefits, there are still uncertainties about potential risks to humans and the environment. This study applies the <i>Maslahah-Mafsadah</i> (benefit-harm) framework from <i>Maqasid al-Shari’ah</i> (Islamic bioethics) to evaluate RNAi-based pesticides, analysing their implications through evidence-based, impact-based, and priority-based approaches. By addressing universal bioethical principles such as beneficence and non-maleficence, this study highlights how Islamic bioethical concepts can contribute to broader ethical discussions on emerging biotechnologies. The analysis considers pest management, environmental sustainability, human health, and socio-economic impacts, concluding that RNAi-based pesticides may be categorised as zanniyyah (probable) in terms of their benefits and risks. Consequently, the study underscores the ethical obligation to establish rigorous regulatory oversight, taking into considerations appropriate scientific evidence, environmental impact studies, and health assessments when evaluating the technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"449 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generational Influences on Conscientious and Religious Objections in Malaysian Medical Practice: a Comparative Study of Medical Students and Teachers 世代对马来西亚医疗实践中良心和宗教异议的影响：医学生和教师的比较研究

IF 1.8

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00378-w

Erwin Jiayuan Khoo, Katherina Asha Raj, Kher Minh Chong, Hui Fern Lim, Eng Jia Low, Siew Houy Chua

{"title":"Generational Influences on Conscientious and Religious Objections in Malaysian Medical Practice: a Comparative Study of Medical Students and Teachers","authors":"Erwin Jiayuan Khoo, Katherina Asha Raj, Kher Minh Chong, Hui Fern Lim, Eng Jia Low, Siew Houy Chua","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00378-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00378-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conscientious (CO) and religious objections (RO) to controversial medical practices often emerge as early as medical school, influenced by moral, religious and cultural factors. This study explores the attitudes of clinical-year medical students and teachers at a Malaysian medical school toward CO and RO in ethically contentious practices, including abortion, contraception for minors, euthanasia, brain-dead organ donation, gender-diverse care and ritual circumcision. A cross-sectional survey involving 188 students and 21 teachers assessed perspectives on these issues through both quantitative measures and qualitative analysis. Overall, 42% supported the right to object to procedures on moral or religious grounds, while 37% disagreed and 21% were uncertain. Teachers were more likely than students to object to late-term abortion and euthanasia, often citing non-religious or mixed reasons. Religious affiliation significantly predicted objections (<i>p</i> < 0.05), though less so among students (<i>p</i> = 0.06). Qualitative findings revealed tensions between autonomy, professional duty and legal obligations. Generational differences were notable, with students showing greater acceptance of contentious procedures, possibly reflecting shifts in medical education toward patient-centred care. These findings highlight the need for structured ethics training, institutional guidelines and cultural competency education to balance healthcare providers’ moral integrity with patients’ equitable access to care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 4","pages":"807 - 827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical Profession in Medical Disputes: Redefining Indonesia Malpractice Terminology 医疗纠纷中的医疗专业：重新定义印尼医疗事故术语

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00376-y

Rangga Hotman Hasibuan

引用次数: 0

Gaps and Gains in Informed Consent for Surgery in a Non-Western Context: Beyond the Signatures of Iranian Patients 非西方背景下手术知情同意的差距和收获：超越伊朗患者的签名

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00372-2

Malihesadat Taghriri, Maryam Modabber, Alireza Parsapour, Shirzad Nasiri, Ayat Ahmadi, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki

{"title":"Gaps and Gains in Informed Consent for Surgery in a Non-Western Context: Beyond the Signatures of Iranian Patients","authors":"Malihesadat Taghriri, Maryam Modabber, Alireza Parsapour, Shirzad Nasiri, Ayat Ahmadi, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00372-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00372-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Informed consent is essential for protecting patients’ rights and ensuring ethical medical practices. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and identify deficiencies in the informed consent forms of surgical patients at Shariati Hospital in Tehran. This descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in 2022, reviewed the medical records of 288 surgical patients at Shariati Hospital from 2017 to 2021. A researcher-made checklist assessed demographic data, disease specifics, informed consent information, and completeness. Deficiencies in the forms and patients’ understanding were evaluated using a Likert scale, with checklist validity confirmed by a pilot study (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75). Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.24. This study of 288 patient records found that while 93.4% had consent forms, only 2.2% were adequately informative and 4.5% understandable. Wound infection was the most discussed complication (89.6%), with no significant link to surgery type. Third-party consent was rare (2.8%), and 83% of forms had witnessed signatures. Residents obtained 98.5% of consents. This study identifies significant gaps in the informed consent process at a hospital, particularly in the disclosure and understanding of risks, benefits, and alternatives. While it does not assess voluntariness or decision-making capacity, it shows positive trends, such as increased healthcare team involvement and reduced third-party authorization, especially for female patients. The findings highlight a shift toward legal protections over ethical considerations, with implicit safeguards, like fingerprints and witness signatures, replacing explicit waivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"239 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-025-00372-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Potential of Ethical Portfolios in Promoting Ethical Reasoning and Development: Experiences of Allied Health Students 揭示伦理组合在促进伦理推理和发展方面的潜力：专职健康学生的经验

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00375-z

Sama’a Almubarak

{"title":"Unveiling the Potential of Ethical Portfolios in Promoting Ethical Reasoning and Development: Experiences of Allied Health Students","authors":"Sama’a Almubarak","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00375-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00375-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The complex and evolving nature of ethical dilemmas in healthcare underscores the importance of teaching ethics to health college students. As teaching ethics became an integral part of education curricula, previous studies have mainly examined teaching ethics to medical students with a focus on teaching content. To address this gap, the study examined students’ ethical awareness and confidence levels before and after an ethics course for allied health students in a Saudi university. It also presented the development of an ethics portfolio as an assessment method. Through a virtue ethics perspective, the mixed-methods study employed content analysis of students’ ethics portfolios as well as descriptive analysis of survey responses. The Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test was used to analyze the differences in the median scores of students’ assessment in the pre and post surveys. The study found that the majority of students chose fidelity as the ethical concept to improve. Most of the students chose the ethical concept based on their current behaviors and practices, or interactions with others. Attending professional courses was the most common evidence provided by students. The majority of students provided positive responses reflecting their ethical awareness and confidence in the pre survey. Students’ positive assessment of their awareness of ethics related to the profession and their ability to handle ethical dilemmas professionally decreased in the post survey. The study findings contribute to current literature on teaching ethics within health disciplines and extends it to discuss differences associated with allied health. The study introduces implications for students, academicians and healthcare providers, while highlighting the interplay between virtue ethics and Islamic ethics within the sociocultural context of Saudi Arabia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"391 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Locating Caste in SDGs: A Critical Analysis of Caste Discrimination and Its Implications for India’s Development Agenda 在可持续发展目标中定位种姓：种姓歧视的批判性分析及其对印度发展议程的影响

IF 1.1

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-025-00377-x

Karamala Areesh Kumar, Prajwal T V, Edberg D. Cheeran, Abdul Rehman

{"title":"Locating Caste in SDGs: A Critical Analysis of Caste Discrimination and Its Implications for India’s Development Agenda","authors":"Karamala Areesh Kumar, Prajwal T V, Edberg D. Cheeran, Abdul Rehman","doi":"10.1007/s41649-025-00377-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-025-00377-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the influence of caste discrimination and marginalisation of Dalit and Adivasi communities in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Indian context. This study argues that India cannot fully achieve its SDG commitments without addressing caste-based inequities. It proposes an intersectional approach to SDG implementation by including caste within the development debate to ensure that marginalised communities are integral to India’s developmental trajectory. Although caste-based discrimination was declared illegal in 1950, it remains a deeply rooted system of stigmatisation, segregation and exclusion, influencing access to resources, education, healthcare and economic opportunities. Adopted by the UN in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to promote inclusive progress by addressing global issues such as poverty, hunger, health, education, inequality and climate change. Informed by the spirit of ‘leaving no one behind’, the SDGs mention ‘race’, income, gender, disability, ethnicity, origin, religion and economic or other status. The SDG framework has ignored the caste structure despite SDG-1 (eradicating poverty), SDG-2 (zero hunger), SDG-4 (quality education), SDG-6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG-8 (decent jobs), SDG-10 (reduced disparities) and SDG-16 (peace, justice and strong institutions) are all directly impacted by caste-based exclusion. Marginalised caste groups, constituting more than 25% of India’s population, face systemic barriers, including limited access to education and employment, landlessness and economic exploitation. Reports show that Dalits and Adivasis remain among the most economically and socially vulnerable populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":"18 2","pages":"433 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0