Asian Bioethics Review最新文献_第10页

Ethical Analysis of Appropriate Incentive Measures Promoting Organ Donation in Bangladesh 孟加拉国促进器官捐献适当激励措施的伦理分析

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00208-3

Md. Sanwar Siraj

{"title":"Ethical Analysis of Appropriate Incentive Measures Promoting Organ Donation in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Sanwar Siraj","doi":"10.1007/s41649-022-00208-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-022-00208-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bangladesh, a Muslim-majority country, has a national organ donation law that was passed in 1999 and revised in 2018. The law allows living-related and brain-dead donor organ transplantation. There are no legal barriers to these two types of organ donations, but there is no legislation providing necessary costs and incentive measures associated with successful organ transplants. However, many governments across the globe provide different types of incentives for motivating living donors and families of deceased donors. This study assesses the merits and demerits of incentive measures already in use around the world and proposes ethical measures that can promote organ donation in Bangladesh. The primary focus of this paper is to present an ethical analysis of the comparison of incentive measures on organ donation between Bangladesh and the Islamic Republic of Iran as two Muslim countries that operate organ donation for transplantation practices according to Islamic principles. In this paper, I mainly argue that providing a fixed bare minimum financial incentive measure to distantly related living donors and families of deceased donors will encourage Bangladeshis to donate organs in a manner that is ethically justifiable, morally permissible, and socio-economically appropriate. The government of Bangladesh should revise the existing biomedical law to include a provision related to incentive measures and set a strict policy to properly regulate these measures as key stewardship that can ethically promote organ donation for transplantation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9250557/pdf/41649_2022_Article_208.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9722737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Public Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccinations before Dawn in Japan: Ethics and Future Perspectives 日本公众对黎明前接种新冠肺炎疫苗的态度：伦理学和未来展望

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00207-4

Haruka Nakada, Kyoko Takashima, Yuichi Maru, Tsunakuni Ikka, Koichiro Yuji, Sachie Yoshida, Kenji Matsui

{"title":"Public Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccinations before Dawn in Japan: Ethics and Future Perspectives","authors":"Haruka Nakada, Kyoko Takashima, Yuichi Maru, Tsunakuni Ikka, Koichiro Yuji, Sachie Yoshida, Kenji Matsui","doi":"10.1007/s41649-022-00207-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-022-00207-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving public understanding and acceptance are critical for promoting coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination. However, how to promote COVID-19 vaccine programs remains controversial due to various ethical issues. This study, thus, aimed to survey the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among Japanese citizens and discuss relevant ethical issues. A cross-sectional survey was conducted via an online platform. An anonymous, quantitative, self-administered online questionnaire was sent to 6965 registered Japanese residents (20–79 years of age), which included questions regarding the respondent’s general knowledge, experience, and opinions of vaccines, vaccine development, COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccines. Of the 1569 respondents, 730 (46.5%) and 839 (53.5%) were categorized into the younger and older groups, respectively. Most of the respondents possessed general knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines and their features. Of the respondents, 57.8% definitely agreed (10.5%) or somewhat agreed (47.3%) to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The older group showed significantly greater willingness to receive vaccines and higher literacy regarding vaccines in general. Possible reasons for the older group’s greater willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines are a high risk of severe COVID-19 infection and their past accumulated experience of receiving various vaccinations. Although active public intervention could increase vaccination rates, most of the respondents did not agree with mandatory vaccination. Furthermore, a gap between the participants in the COVID-19 vaccine trials and the prioritized population in real-world vaccination should be adjusted in future vaccine development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50472518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An Ethical Defense of a Mandated Choice Consent Procedure for Deceased Organ Donation 死亡器官捐献强制选择同意程序的伦理辩护

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00206-5

Xavier Symons, Billy Poulden

{"title":"An Ethical Defense of a Mandated Choice Consent Procedure for Deceased Organ Donation","authors":"Xavier Symons, Billy Poulden","doi":"10.1007/s41649-022-00206-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-022-00206-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>Organ transplant shortages are ubiquitous in healthcare systems around the world. In response, several commentators have argued for the adoption of an opt-out policy for organ transplantation, whereby individuals would by default be registered as organ donors unless they informed authorities of their desire to opt-out. This may potentially lead to an increase in donation rates. An opt-out system, however, presumes consent even when it is evident that a significant minority are resistant to organ donation. In this article, we defend a mandated choice framework for consent to deceased organ donation. A mandated choice framework, coupled with good public education, would likely increase donation rates. More importantly, however, a mandated choice framework would respect the autonomous preferences of people who do not wish to donate. We focus in particular on the Australian healthcare context, and consider how a mandated choice system could function as an ethical means to increase the organ donation rate in Australia. We make the novel proposal that all individuals who vote at an Australian federal election be required to state their organ donation preferences when voting.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-022-00206-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40586915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Negotiating ‘Surrogate Mothering’ and Women’s Freedom 谈判“代孕母亲”与妇女自由

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00205-6

Zairu Nisha

引用次数: 0

Diversity of Experience and Perspective in Bioethics 生命伦理学经验与视角的多样性

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00204-7

Graeme T. Laurie

引用次数: 0

An Islamic Bioethics Framework to Justify the At-risk Adolescents’ Regulations on Access to Key Reproductive Health Services 伊斯兰生物伦理框架，以证明高危青少年获得关键生殖健康服务的规定

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-021-00200-3

Forouzan Akrami, Alireza Zali, Mahmoud Abbasi

{"title":"An Islamic Bioethics Framework to Justify the At-risk Adolescents’ Regulations on Access to Key Reproductive Health Services","authors":"Forouzan Akrami, Alireza Zali, Mahmoud Abbasi","doi":"10.1007/s41649-021-00200-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-021-00200-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adolescent sexuality is one of the most important reproductive health issues that confronts healthcare professionals with moral dilemmas and legal issues. In this study, we aim to justify the at-risk adolescents’ regulations on access to key reproductive health services (KRHSs) based on principles of Islamic biomedical ethics and jurisprudence. Despite the illegitimacy and prohibition of sexuality for both girls and boys in Islamic communities, in this study, using 5 principles or universal rules of purpose; certainty, no-harm; necessity; and custom, we argue that first, applying these principles in the context of the no-harm principle can provide the best interests of at-risk adolescents; second, it is permissible to provide KRHSs to these adolescents with their own assent, as long as necessary, only with the intention of preventing or reducing harm. In this framework, while preventing harm, it tries to provide the best interests of at-risk adolescent. Thus, the principle of no-harm requires that the government, by designating the responsibility to healthcare professionals, protects at-risk adolescents from harm, and obliges these professionals to choose and implement the option that best suits adolescents’ interests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9250575/pdf/41649_2021_Article_200.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9722738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mapping out the Trajectory of Islamic Perspectives on Neuroethics 伊斯兰神经伦理学观的轨迹

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00203-8

Noorina Noorfuad

引用次数: 0

Reducing the Ethical Burdens of Antimicrobial Stewardship using a Social Determinants Approach 使用社会决定因素方法减轻抗菌药物管理的道德负担

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-01-29 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-022-00202-9

Vijayaprasad Gopichandran

引用次数: 0

Discussions on Present Japanese Psychocultural-Social Tendencies as Obstacles to Clinical Shared Decision-Making in Japan 论当前日本心理文化社会倾向对日本临床共同决策的阻碍

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-021-00201-2

Atsushi Asai, Taketoshi Okita, Seiji Bito

{"title":"Discussions on Present Japanese Psychocultural-Social Tendencies as Obstacles to Clinical Shared Decision-Making in Japan","authors":"Atsushi Asai, Taketoshi Okita, Seiji Bito","doi":"10.1007/s41649-021-00201-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41649-021-00201-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Japan, where a prominent gap exists in what is considered a patient’s best interest between the medical and patient sides, appropriate decision-making can be difficult to achieve. In Japanese clinical settings, decision-making is considered an act of choice-making from multiple potential options. With many ethical dilemmas still remaining, establishing an appropriate decision-making process is an urgent task in modern Japanese healthcare. This paper examines ethical issues related to shared decision-making (SDM) in clinical settings in modern Japan from the psychocultural-social perspective and discusses the ideal decision-making process in present Japan. Specifically, we discuss how five psychocultural-social tendencies – “surmise (<i>Sontaku</i>),” “self-restraint <i>(Jishuku</i>),” “air (atmosphere or mood, <i>Kuuki</i>),” “peer pressure (or tuning pressure, <i>Docho-Atsuryoku</i>),” and “community (<i>Seken</i>)”—which have often been referred to as characteristics of present-day Japanese people, may affect the ideal practice of SDM in Japanese clinical settings. We conclude that health care professionals must be aware of the possible adverse effects of the above Japanese psychocultural-social tendencies on the implementation of SDM and attempt to promote autonomous decision-making, thereby allowing patients to make treatment choices that sufficiently reflect their individual and personal views of life, experiences, goals, preferences, and values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":44520,"journal":{"name":"Asian Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41649-021-00201-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39729211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Health Inequalities amongst Refugees and Migrant Workers in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Report of Two Cases 新冠肺炎大流行中期难民和移民工人之间的健康不平等：两例报告

IF 2.9

Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-01-15 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-021-00198-8

Shu Hui Ng

引用次数: 3