Sumer 1最新文献

{"title":"Impact of potassium in alleviating water stress on wheat plants irrigated with treated water Some vegetative growth characteristics","authors":"Sanaa Khadem Abdul-Amir Ali Al-Fatlawy, Abdoun H.Alwan, H. J. Al-Fatlawy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.99","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted using plastic pots during the growing season\u00002020-2021 in private field crops at the Holy Karbala Governorate to study the effect of the quality of water, soil moisture and potassium levels on some growth\u0000parameters of wheat plant var. A.L. baraka. A factorial experiment was carried\u0000out using a completely randomized design (C.R.D.) with three replications, which\u0000included two types of irrigation water treated heavy water and soft water, three\u0000levels of field capacity, i.e., %, 50% and 100% and four levels of potassium, i.e.,\u00000, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg. L-1 The experiment included 72 experimental units.\u0000The results were statistically analyzed, and the means of treatments were compared using the least significant difference under the probability level 0.05. The\u0000following characteristics were measurements: plant height, number of leaf areas,\u0000dry weight of shoot and root systems. Results could be summarized as follows:\u0000Water quality had a statistical effect on the traits under study, as the treatment\u0000with treated heavy water gave the highest values of plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area, root and shoots dry weights, which amounted to\u000070.21cm, 14.03leaf, 23.42cm2\u0000, 6.24g, 1.76g respectively compared to soft water,\u0000which amounted to 69.17 cm, 3.52tiller, 13.24leaf, 22cm2\u0000, 58, 5.94 and 1.68g.\u0000The addition of 100% of the field capacity value gave the highest averages of the\u0000following height, number of leaves, leaf area, root and shoots dry weights, which\u0000amounted to 80.80cm, 15.98leaves, 27.81cm2\u0000, 7.69g and 2.15g sequentially. The\u0000addition of 3000 mg.L-1\u0000of potassium gave the highest averages for the traits\u0000plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight and root dry weight,\u0000where their averages were 73.11cm, 14.66 leaves, 25.11cm2\u0000, 6.63g and 1.87g respectively. Some bi- and tr-interactions between studied factors showed a different effect on the studied characteristics.\u0000Keywords: Wheat plant, water quality, field capacity, potassium concentration.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133828480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes assessed from 99mTC\u0000single photon emission tomography technique during stress and rest in relation to age in\u0000normal volunteer students.","authors":"Satar M. Kadam","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.22","url":null,"abstract":"The heart is subject to structural and functional changes with advancing age. Left\u0000ventricular compliance appears to decline with age, which could explain why the\u0000elderly have such a high rate of heart failure. Changes in heart function with age\u0000are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death and morbidity. Various techniques have been used to measure the impact of age on heart structure and\u0000function. Subject and methods: The study included 221 healthy adult male and\u0000female volunteers (160 females and 61 males, 20–80 years of age). All healthy\u0000subjects volunteered to participate in this study. They were classified according to\u0000their age. All healthy subjects enrolled in the study underwent myocardial perfusion imaging following the 2-day rest–stress 99mTc sestamibi (GSPECT) protocol.\u0000At rest and during stress, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection\u0000fraction using the GSPECT software were assessed both at rest and during stress\u0000for comparison. The following parameters were measured: left ventricular\u0000end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),\u0000and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The results show that the change in\u0000left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased during rest and stress in all age\u0000groups. In contrast, the change in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV)\u0000increased during stress and rest compared with the left ventricular end-diastolic\u0000volume (LVEDV) for all ages. Results show a significant change in EDV, ESV,\u0000and EF% (16.49%, 30.35%, -7.49%) with p-value < 0.05 for the groups (20- 49).\u0000Also a significant change in EDV, ESV, and EF% (12.13%, 24.86%,-1.62%),\u0000respectively, with p-value <0.05. for age range (50-80) years. In conclusion, in\u0000people with no cardiac functional or structural problems, the aging process is\u0000linked to considerable alterations in left and right ventricular EF, ESV, and EDV.\u0000When assessing SPECT with 99mTc investigations, our findings highlight the need\u0000to adopt age-adapted data as a reference standard.\u0000Keywords: SPECT with 99mTC, Age, Hemodynamics, Rest and Stress","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115139647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic identification of Giardia lamblia in children for Tikrit city, Iraq","authors":"Deema K. Mostafa, I. Ghanim Abdulwahhab, Najwa Shihab Ahmed","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.34","url":null,"abstract":"Giardia lamblia, also known as (Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is\u0000the causative agent of giardiasis, and it is the most common parasitic diarrheal\u0000disease that affects humans and more than 40 species of other mammals. The\u0000study recorded (17) positive cases of Giardia infection out of a total of (47) samples diagnosed microscopically for pediatric patients arriving at Tikrit General\u0000Hospital from nearby areas. The results showed that the percentage of positive\u0000cases of infection with the Giardia parasite amounted to (36.2%) for PCR, as\u0000significant differences appeared when compared with the microscopic examination ( P value< 0.05). Also, the rates of infection with the parasite varied between\u0000males and females, and the percentage of infection in males reached (53.2%),\u0000while the percentage of infection in females was (43.14%); the results showed the\u0000relationship between infection and Giardia by age groups less than one year,\u0000where the percentage amounted to 44.6%, followed by the age group 1-2 years,\u0000the percentage reached 31.9%, and the lowest percentage was in the age group 3-\u00004 years 10.6%.PCR technique diagnosed the specific region within the DNA of\u0000the parasite Giardia using special primers for the encoded gene (for Giardia2029/Gia2150c) and (for Giardia). Also, it was sequenced and aligned. The\u0000isolate in the current study was 100% similar to the globally recorded isolate. In\u0000conclusion, the methods of detection of Giardia showed differences in positive\u0000results for this parasite. In addition, there are more infections in males than in\u0000females aged less than one year more infected than in other ages.\u0000Keywords: Giardia lamblia, Giardia2029/Gia2150c, Giardia gene","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the effectiveness of antibiotics against bacteria isolated from the\u0000Al-Khassa river in Kirkuk city, Iraq","authors":"Sanarya Kamal Tawfiq, Staar Mohammed Qader, Muhannad Abdullah Al-Azzawy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.38","url":null,"abstract":"Sewage uses wastewater consisting of human excreta, wash waters, and industrial\u0000and agricultural wastes (e.g., wastes from livestock, i.e., chicken, cattle, and\u0000horse) that enter the sewage system. The study aims to study bacteria isolated\u0000from sewage water to know their source and different antibiotics used and compare it with other bacteria present in human excretion. This study was carried out\u0000in March - 2019. 30) Water samples were taken from the Al-Khassa River in\u0000Kirkuk, starting from the Al-Tabaqchary bridge to the Domiez bridge; all the\u0000samples were worked in the general health laboratory of Kirkuk. All the water\u0000samples were collected in sterile containers and were processed within one hour\u0000after arriving at the laboratory. First, it was cultured on blood and MacConkey\u0000agar for each sample; the petri dishes were put in an aerobic incubator at 37 C0 for\u000024 hours. It was isolated on nutrient agar for purification, incubating at 37 C0 for\u000024 hours. Bacterial colonies were identified based on diagnosis using morphology, cultured, and biochemical characteristics. The antimicrobial screening was\u0000performed using Muller-Hinton agar disk diffusion assay for signing drug sensitivity; the study showed that E. coli represented the most isolated bacteria from\u0000Al-Khassa River (14 isolates), Serratia marcescens (10 isolates), Pseudomonas\u0000aeruginosa (5 isolates) and Proteus spp. (only 2 isolates), The study showed that\u0000gentamicin was the most active antibiotic against the Gram-negative bacilli isolates tested, as only 2.6% of these isolates were resistant to this antibiotic at concentrations up to 10μg while susceptible to clindamycin.\u0000Keywords: Al-Khassa; Kirkuk; Sewege, river; Contamination","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128899488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis related with uric acid in B-thalassemia\u0000major patients","authors":"Wurood Alwan Kadhim, Ahmed Khudhair Al-Hamairy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.43","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory experiments were performed to study 66 samples were collected for\u0000beta-thalassemia patients, with 30 samples for control of healthy people, male\u0000and female, and 96 samples were examined in the Cobas e411 Advice for both\u0000IgG and IgM, 20 samples were obtained positive for IgG in patients with betathalassemia, and one sample was positive for IgM, then the Uric Acid examination was conducted for all After that, 12 male and female samples were selected\u0000with a high percentage of Uric Acid, 6 of which were positive for Toxoplasmosis\u0000and 6 negatives for the disease. To perform the Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique and use the standard substance allantoin to observe the\u0000relationship between Uric Acid and Allantoin, where the relationship is inverse\u0000between them; in the case of infection and the presence of the parasite in the\u0000blood, the Uric Acid oxidizes and combines with the free radicals (reactive oxygen species) in the blood such as oxygen and hydrogen peroxide that are harmful\u0000to the cell or tissue. Free radicals in abundance and as a guide to the extent of\u0000damage performed by the parasite.\u0000Keywords: beta-thalassemia, Uric Acid, Allantoin, Toxoplasmosis, IgG and\u0000IgM.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126671744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and anticancer activities of (free and immobilized)\u0000elastase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Jawad N. K. Makassees, Neihaya H. Zaki, Asmaa, A. Hussein","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.94","url":null,"abstract":"Elastase is a type of protease that degrades explicitly elastin. The elastase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was purified by three steps:\u0000ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex\u0000G-150 chromatography. The optimal condition for elastase production showed\u0000high specific activity with starch (3.8 U/mg protein) and casein as a nitrogen\u0000source with a specific activity reaching (3.3 U/mg protein). The maximum elastase production was obtained when the pH value was (7.5) with specific activity\u0000(4.4 U/mg protein). Elastase (free and immobilized on TiO2- NPs) was used in\u0000application as antibacterial and anticancer, and results showed high antibacterial\u0000activity against pathogenic isolates, especially Lactobacillus acidophilus and\u0000Pseudomonas aeruginosa were affected by immobilized elastase. Free and immobilized elastase have anticancer activity against lung cancer using the A549\u0000cell line, and immobilized elastase had the potent cytotoxic effect on A549 cells\u0000with IC50 142.8 µg/ ml compared with IC50 of normal cell line HdFn on 655.0\u0000µg /ml.\u0000Key Words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Elastase, Immobilization, TiO2-Nps- Antibacterial, Anticancer.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126885670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficiency of Pseudomonas mendocina in biodegradation of chlorpyrifos\u0000insecticides","authors":"Zahraa Khudhair Abbas Al-Khafaji, Hassanin Sabah Hashim, Maryam Jabbar Nasser, Mohammed A. Dabbi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.42","url":null,"abstract":"At present, wide varieties of pesticides are being used, but the demand for Organophosphorus pesticides is increasing globally to control insects. Chlorpyrifos\u0000is a broad-spectrum, highly toxic, and chlorinated organophosphate insecticide\u0000that is synthetic in origin and is normally ester or thiol derivatives of phosphoric.\u0000The mode of action involves inhibiting acetyl-cholinesterase, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine, causing neurotoxicity. Bacteria capable of degrading\u0000the pesticide chlorpyrifos were isolated from soil contaminated with pesticides.\u0000This way, three distinct chlorpyrifos degrading strains of p.mendocina were isolated and characterized using morphological and biochemical analysis. Strains\u0000exhibited the greatest chlorpyrifos degradation rate, reaching 100%, and were\u0000consequently selected for further investigation. Degradation of chlorpyrifos by\u0000strains was rapid at 20 and 37C. Bacteria species were able to effectively degrade\u0000chlorpyrifos in the sterilized medium using high inoculum levels. The maximum\u0000degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was calculated as 100% during 6-12 days. Bacteria such as strain PC1 that use chlorpyrifos as a carbon source could be employed\u0000for the biodegradation of sites contaminated with pesticides\u0000Keywords: Biodegradation, organophosphate, chlorpyrifos, Pseudomonas\u0000putida, Hplc.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125354668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis, C3, C4 & ESR Abs in pathogenicity of Iraqi patients with SLE","authors":"Mohammed Amer Kamil, Hazima Mossa Alabassi, Zahraa Hussein M. Kadr","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Systematic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been described as a\u0000chronic inflammatory illness where chemokines play an essential role in its\u0000pathogenesis CX3CL1and CX3CR1 are chemokines that described their crucial\u0000role in immune response in SLE patients. Aim of the study: To evaluate the serum\u0000level of CX3CL1- CX3CR1, C3, C4 & ESR Abs in SLE patients without treatment\u0000and compare their level with those under treatment (hydroxychloroquine,predeslone 5-20mg, D3). Patients collecting and Methods: 120 females with\u0000SLE and healthy, with ages ranging between 20-40 years, were involved in this\u0000investigation from Medical City (Consultant of Arthritis, Consultant of Dermatology, Lobby of Hematology and Arthritis)/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital and from\u0000Al-Imameen Al-Kazimeen Teaching Hospital from August 26 to October 18,\u00002021. The samples included 80females with SLE (40 females as early diagnosed\u0000patients (G2) without treatment, 40 females as patients that received treatment\u0000subjects (hydroxychloroquine, predeslone 5-20mg, D3) (G3), while the control\u0000group included 40 healthy females (G1). Five mL of venous blood were obtained\u0000from patients and healthy females for measuring C3, C4, ESR and serum levels of\u0000CX3CL1 and CX3CR1, which were measured using the ELISA method. Results:\u0000Our findings demonstrated a significant increase in the serum levels of CX3CL1,\u0000CX3CR1, and ESR. Also, there were significant decreases in serum levels of C3\u0000and C4 in SLE patients (with and without treatment) compared to the control\u0000group, and a significant difference was detected between SLE patients without\u0000treatment and patients receiving treatment. Conclusion: Based on our results,\u0000CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 chemokines may have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE as\u0000they are increased in SLE patients. In addition, serum CX3CL1 levels can be used\u0000as an independent biomarker of SLE activity. Furthermore, low levels of c3 and c4\u0000and high levels of ESR are considered diagnostic indicators of SLE disease in\u0000people.\u0000Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus, CX3CL1; CX3CR1. C3,C4","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126284358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) on the properties of electrospun\u0000polymeric nanofibers","authors":"Dalal Abbass Kadham, Auda Jabbar Braihi, Hanaa Jawad Kadham","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"Three polymeric solutions, PVA, Collagen and Hyaluronic acid (HAc), were\u0000prepared and mixed by (55:22.5:22.5) ratios to prepare the net polymeric solution. Also, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) solution was prepared and added to\u0000the neat solution by three ratios (1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%), which was then\u0000pumped by electrospinning technique to create a nanofiber bead. Solutions results\u0000showed that G. lucidum caused drag reduction, decreasing the viscosities, facilitating solution flow inside the needle and leading to the formation of fine nanofibers easily. Also, at low G. lucidum ratios, the electrostatic repulsion overcomes\u0000the surface tension, which enables fibers to escape from the \"Taylor cone\" tip and\u0000gather on the collector. As well as the electrical conductivity increased due to the\u0000ease of movement of HAc ions due to viscosity reduction. FTIR results proved no\u0000losses of any component of the net blend, and there is no chemical reaction\u0000among them. Results of the obtained nanofiber showed that, with the G. lucidum\u0000addition, there is an increment in fiber diameter, number of beads, the goodness\u0000of orientation and surface roughness. G. lucidum also reduced the wettability, the\u0000crystallinity and the enthalpy consumed during the thermal transition.\u0000Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, FESEM, Directionality Histogram,\u0000Electrospinning, Wettability","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133227921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of silver diamine fluoride on the microleakage of glass\u0000ionomer restoration in primary teeth at different time intervals","authors":"Mais Zubair Jasim, Muna Saleem Khalaf","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.61","url":null,"abstract":"Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has shown effectiveness in hardening\u0000tooth structure and killing bacteria. Therefore, it can be used to prevent and arrest\u0000dental caries. Riva Star (SDF) treatment alone will stop cavities but will not reverse the cavitation. The Silver Modified Atraumatic Procedure, often known as\u0000Smart, is the optimum technique for regaining the tooth's structure and function.\u0000Glass ionomer was introduced in (1972) as a new material that has become one of\u0000the most widely used materials in restorative dentistry. By releasing fluoride ions,\u0000this material has a therapeutic impact on the surrounding tooth structure. Microleakage is the ingress of bacteria, its byproducts, toxins, chemicals, oral fluids,\u0000and ions between the margins of the restoration and the cavity walls. Dental restoration lifetime is significantly influenced by microleakage at the toothrestoration contact. Material and method: In this study, we used 32 primary molars, class V cavities prepared on the buccal surface of all teeth. The teeth were\u0000divided into 2 groups: Group 1: 16 teeth treated with 38%SDF 8 of them restored directly with GIC filling and the other 8 restored after 14 days; Group 2:\u000016 teeth as control group left untreated with 38% SDF,8 teeth restored directly\u0000and 8 restored after 14 days. Samples were thermocycled, immersed in 2% methylene blue and then sectioned in a buccolingual direction. Dye penetration was\u0000measured with a digital camera connected to a stereo microscope. Result: results\u0000of this study showed a significant difference in microleakage between two-time\u0000intervals in which microleakage in GIC filling decreased at 14-day intervals than\u0000that of first-day interval in the experimental group, while in the control group,\u0000microleakage at 14 days intervals was higher than first-day interval, but it was\u0000not significant. Conclusion: Pretreatment of the primary teeth with SDF can decrease the microleakage of GIC restoration. If placed after 14 days, the microleakage would be lesser than that if the restoration was placed directly after SDF\u0000treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that SDF treatment be done, followed by\u0000a permanent restoration after 14 days, so the null hypothesis cannot be accepted.\u0000Keywords: Microleakage, Silver diamine fluoride, Glass ionomer filling, noninvasive dentistry","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132762080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}