Sumer 1最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of some immunological markers for patients with Hepatitis C\u0000and B viruses with β -thalassemia major in Babylon province","authors":"Estabraq Hasan Alwan, Abd Alnabe J Almamorri, Naeem Rahman Aljubore","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.2.21931/","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.2.21931/","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C, B is a severe public health problem worldwide. Thalassemia patients\u0000depend on blood transfusions throughout and are at high risk of viral infections.\u0000This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C infection and different\u0000clinical parameters of (HLA) in the multiplex thalassemia population. In this study,\u000066 patients with infectious complications beta-thalassemia were enrolled, and samples collected from the Genetic Hematology Center at Babel Women and Children\u0000Hospital in Babylon Governorate / Iraq infected with HCV, serum ferritin, PCV\u0000and splenectomy were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus and\u0000HCV was 3% and 55%, respectively; 100% of patients over 10-20 years of age had\u0000hepatitis C infection, and some episodes were presented by different HLA molecules, by molecule HLA from HLA class II (HLA-DR) and HLA class I (HLAG), In this study, we review the role of the molecule and several parameters along\u0000the HLA-G and HLA-DR gene in viral hepatitis, studies of hepatitis suggest that\u0000even Human leukocyte antigen contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. HLA\u0000classification combined with the study of the regulatory elements of genes may\u0000help understand the influence of genetic background on susceptibility to disease.\u0000Keywords: Detection of some immunological markers (HLA) for hepatitis patients and those with a previous infection with thalassemia","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125934250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil salinity and nutrient availability influenced by silicon application to tomato irrigation with different saline water","authors":"Amin Hussein Jabal, Mohammed A. Abdulkaree","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.30","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon can be used as a soil amendment to reduce deleterious soil salinity and improve nutrient availability under different irrigation water salinity\u0000levels. Four treatments of Si (0,150 and 300 kg Si ha-1\u0000as nano-silica and 300 kg\u0000Si ha-1\u0000as potassium silicate) along with four salinity levels of irrigation water\u0000(1.65,3,6and 9 dSm-1\u0000) were used to investigate their effect on soil salinity at\u0000three soil depth ( 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm ) and availability of N, P and K in\u0000soil cultivated with tomato. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse\u0000conditions using a random complete block design with three replicates. According to the results, increasing irrigation water salinity level increased soil salinity\u0000and decreased available N, P and K to tomatoes. Si treatments decreased soil salinity and increased available amounts of N, P and K . Using 300 Kg Si ha-1 of\u0000nano-silica caused the lowest soil salinity of 1.89, 2.51 and 3.23 dSm-1\u0000for 0-15,\u000015-30, and 30-45cm depth, respectively and increased availability of N, P and K\u0000with a percent of 19.4, 14.1 and 82.7 %, respectively.\u0000Keywords: nano-silica, soil salinity, available nitrogen, irrigation water salinity,\u0000tomato.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126219871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the Socioeconomic Status(SES) on the Oral Health\u0000Status Among 15 Year-Old School Adolescents In Kerbala City/Iraq","authors":"Ahmed R. Kareem, Athraa M. Alwaheb","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.64","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries, plaque, calculus and gingivitis are the most common\u0000and widely spread oral health conditions affecting humans at different ages. Socioeconomic status was reported to be one of the factors affecting the severity of\u0000oral diseases. The aim of the study included studying the impact of socioeconomic status on oral health variables and investigating the prevalence and severity of\u0000dental caries, gingivitis, dental plaque, and dental calculus and an excellent data\u0000baseline for planning future preventive programs. The total sample was composed of 500 male students at 15 years old selected randomly from the secondary\u0000schools in Karbala city. Assessment of the socioeconomic status using a questionnaire; information about the student's socioeconomic status (SES) was obtained from the student's guardians. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries were\u0000according to the criteria described by WHO (2013). gingival index of Loe and\u0000Silness (1963) was followed for recording gingival health condition, the Plaque\u0000index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, and the assessment of calculus was done by applying the Ramfjord index (1959). A high prevalence of dental caries (95.60%) was found, and the caries-free students represented (4.40%); the caries prevalence and severity represented by (DMFT)(DMFS)\u0000respectively and the (FS) component of the DMF were significantly affected by\u0000the socioeconomic status (SES), Dental plaque and calculus are more in low SES\u0000group than other groups, with no significant differences, The mean of gingivitis\u0000of the total sample was(1.908), also finding gingivitis is more in low SES group\u0000than other groups with a Significant difference(0.011), and regarding the Gingival severity, all subjects have the moderate type of gingivitis (1.1-2). There is a\u0000clear and significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis\u0000concerning the socioeconomic status of this adolescent group of students. This\u0000requires good dental school health programs and improvement in the education\u0000level about the importance of oral health and more regular dental visits.\u0000Keywords: Dental caries, oral health, gingivitis, socioeconomic","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128237774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression of a nitrogen tolerance gene ZmNR1 under the influence of different levels of nitrogen in maize","authors":"Sara I. okab, Ziyad A. Abed","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.93","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2021 to find\u0000out which cultivated cultivars of maize are efficient under nitrogen fertilization.\u0000The experiment was applied according to an RCBD (split-plot design with three\u0000replications). The cultivars of the experiment (Baghdad, 5018, Sarah) supply\u0000three levels of nitrogen fertilizer, which are N1 (100 kg.N/ha), N2 (200 kg.N/ha)\u0000and N3 (300 kg.N/ha). The statistical analysis results showed the superiority of\u0000the Sarah genotype, which gave the highest value of SOD and CAT enzymes,\u0000reaching 11.59 units mg-1 and 10.76 units mg-1\u0000. Protein sequentially, while cultivar5018 outperformed as it gave the highest value of POD enzyme, which was\u00005.43 units mg-1.protein, and there were no significant differences between genotypes in NR enzyme. The increase in nitrogen fertilizer caused an increase in the\u0000values of oxidation and reduction enzymes, as the nitrogen level N3 gave the\u0000highest value for SOD, POD, CAT and nitrate reduction enzymes NR, reaching\u000011.59 mg-1\u0000and 6.94 mg-1\u0000units. Protein and 16.40 mg-1 units. Protein and 6.30\u0000mg-1 units. Protein sequentially. The results of the molecular analysis using the\u0000Real-Time PCR technique showed the expression of the ZmNR1 gene. The analysis showed that the cultivated genotypes contained the gene in varying proportions as the gene expression increased in the compositions to which the nitrogen\u0000fertilizer was added. The value ranged from (0.16) to (49.46) times (a copy of the\u0000gene), where the highest expression of the gene was (49.46) for the Sarah cultivar\u0000when The nitrogen level N2 also gave the same gene expression ZmNR1 (15.01)\u0000folds. The cultivars of maize varied among them in their tolerance to excess or\u0000deficiency of nitrogen and in their ability to express the ZmNR1 gene, one of the\u0000most important nitrogen-carrying genes for maize crops.\u0000Keywords: maize, gene expression, nitrate reductase, antioxidant enzymes","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134450242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidants and antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract","authors":"Rana Qassem Nazzal, Zuhair Radhi Addai","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the antioxidants and antibacterial activity of\u0000Glycyrrhiza root, stem and leaf extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by\u0000measuring total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl\u0000(DPPH). The antibacterial activity was determined using the paper disc method\u0000against two bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results\u0000showed part of the plant effect of the antioxidants and antibacterial activity. The\u0000results showed that the root sample had significantly (P <0.05) higher total phenol\u0000content and antioxidant activity than leaves and stem samples. The TPC value of\u0000leaves extract 211.64mg GAE/g dry extract and DPPH 86.36 % was estimated.\u0000The antibacterial activity of MeOH extract against the Staphylococcus aureus zone\u0000of inhibition was 21.37 mm for root extracts and 8.30 mm against E. coli. The\u0000result showed that Glycyrrhiza root, stem and leaf extract were effective against\u0000both the bacteria tested with high concentrations. The Glycyrrhiza root, stem and\u0000leaf extract can be used to control infectious diseases and prevent oxidative\u0000damage.\u0000Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra, DPPH, TPC, Antibacterial activity","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132292299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association the allelic variation and SNP rs12917707 genotyping\u0000with UMOD serum level among Iraqi patients infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli","authors":"Asmaa Ghafer, Abdulameer M. Ghareeb, Abdul Hussain M. Al-Faisal","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.83","url":null,"abstract":": The current study included 90 samples collected and divided into (45)\u0000Urinary tract infections of E. coli patients and (45) controls with different ages of\u0000both genders. Patient samples were collected from UTI patients admitted to ALYarmouk Teaching Hospital, AL-Karama Teaching Hospital and Al Kidney\u0000Teaching Hospital from November 2020 to March 2021. The current study measured Tamm Horsfall protein (THP) concentration in patients with Urinary tract\u0000infections and healthy groups. The study also included the Relationship of Umod\u0000rs12917707 genotype and Uromodulin level in patients and control using Nested\u0000T-ARMS PCR. Our study had two objectives: First, to address whether urinary\u0000uromodulin concentration is associated with urinary tract infection with E. coli in\u0000a community-based study, and second, to determine whether a single-nucleotide\u0000polymorphism (SNP) in the UMOD region, rs12917707, is associated with urinary uromodulin concentrations. After statistical analysis, the results showed that\u0000there could be an association between having mutant homozygous GG polymorphism in the UMOD gene and having UTI of E. coli. At the same time, the mutant homozygous TT represents a risk factor compared to other genotypes (ORs:\u00000.4, 95% CI (0.17 - 0.93 and ORs: 4.4, 95% CI (1.47-13.26) respectively. The results also showed a significant decrease at P≤0.01 in the patients group with Urinary tract infection (1.38 ± 0.03) Ng/ml compared with the control sample, which\u0000was (1.83 ± 0.04) Ng/ml.\u0000Keywords: urinary tract infection, UPEC, UMOD-promoter region, SNPs, Nested T-ARMS PCR","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"211 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115583506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different fertilizers on growth and nutrient state of fenugreek\u0000(Trigonella foenum–graecum L.)","authors":"Ghena S. Al-Hadithi, N. Faleh, Hassan A. A. Al-Saady","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.27","url":null,"abstract":"A pots plastic experiment was conducted in a plastic –house of the Faculty of\u0000Science, Mustansiriyah University, to study the effect of three fertilizers (vermicompost, peat-moss and Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)) levels on some\u0000phenotypic characteristics (plant height, fresh and dry weight) and concentration\u0000of nutrients (N, P, K and Ca), chlorophyll and protein of fenugreek according to\u0000the complete randomized design with six replicates. The treatments consisted of\u0000four levels of vermicompost (0, 6, 12 and 18g.pot-1\u0000) and one level of both peatmoss(12g.pot-1\u0000) and DAP(1g.pot-1\u0000). The results showed significant differences\u0000between different fertilizer levels on phenotypic characteristics and nutrient state.\u0000Also, the highest value of some studied characteristics was found at treatment\u000012g.pot-1 of vermicompost.\u0000Keywords: vermicompost, peat-moss, DAP and fenugreek.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128482750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of biochemical markers levels among COVID-19 patients,\u0000recovered and vaccinated groups of people","authors":"Mohammed Abed Alwan, Mohammed Jasim Mohammed Shallal","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.77","url":null,"abstract":"The new virus first appeared in the Chinese city of Wuhan in 2019 and\u0000spread around the world, like the outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans, which can be fatal to individuals at risk. The primary purposes of this study are to assess the diagnostic power\u0000of the following biochemical (D dimer, CRP, LDH and serum ferritin) markers in\u0000identifying the diagnosis and severity of COVID-19 and to find out the differences in these hematological and biochemical markers among COVID 19 patients\u0000and recovered. The study included (50) patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (25\u0000males and 25 females) who visited Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in ThiQar\u0000province, (50) Patients recovering from COVID-19 infection, (50) People who\u0000have received COVID-19 vaccines and (50: 25 people were vaccinated with Sinopharm and 25 people were vaccinated with Pfizer) healthy subjects as a control\u0000group. The study population age ranged from (20-70 years) old. Specialist physicians diagnosed all patients with COVID-19 in this study, which was confirmed\u0000by clinical and laboratory tests, especially polymerase chain reaction PCR. The\u0000results of the current study have shown that there is a significant difference(PValue < 0.05) between the study groups according to the age group in each of the\u0000levels (D dimer, LDH, serum ferritin). The current study also revealed a significant difference between the study groups according to gender in each of (D. dimer, LDH), and there is no significant difference in each of (CRP, serum ferritin). A significant difference is expected where the difference between the two\u0000averages is between the patients' COVID-19 group and the control group, the recovered group, or the vaccinated group(LSD of D. dimer >95.10, LSD of\u0000CRP>11.86, S. ferritin >120.61, LSD of LDH>75.45) and no significant between\u0000control and recovered. An increase in the levels of the following vital signs for\u0000patients with COVID-19: D dimer, CRP, LDH, and serum ferritin. In the recovered groups, the levels were normal.\u0000Keywords: biochemical markers, COVID19, recovered and vaccinated group of\u0000people","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130036628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of potassium in alleviating water stress on wheat plants irrigated with treated water Some vegetative growth characteristics","authors":"Sanaa Khadem Abdul-Amir Ali Al-Fatlawy, Abdoun H.Alwan, H. J. Al-Fatlawy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.99","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted using plastic pots during the growing season\u00002020-2021 in private field crops at the Holy Karbala Governorate to study the effect of the quality of water, soil moisture and potassium levels on some growth\u0000parameters of wheat plant var. A.L. baraka. A factorial experiment was carried\u0000out using a completely randomized design (C.R.D.) with three replications, which\u0000included two types of irrigation water treated heavy water and soft water, three\u0000levels of field capacity, i.e., %, 50% and 100% and four levels of potassium, i.e.,\u00000, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg. L-1 The experiment included 72 experimental units.\u0000The results were statistically analyzed, and the means of treatments were compared using the least significant difference under the probability level 0.05. The\u0000following characteristics were measurements: plant height, number of leaf areas,\u0000dry weight of shoot and root systems. Results could be summarized as follows:\u0000Water quality had a statistical effect on the traits under study, as the treatment\u0000with treated heavy water gave the highest values of plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area, root and shoots dry weights, which amounted to\u000070.21cm, 14.03leaf, 23.42cm2\u0000, 6.24g, 1.76g respectively compared to soft water,\u0000which amounted to 69.17 cm, 3.52tiller, 13.24leaf, 22cm2\u0000, 58, 5.94 and 1.68g.\u0000The addition of 100% of the field capacity value gave the highest averages of the\u0000following height, number of leaves, leaf area, root and shoots dry weights, which\u0000amounted to 80.80cm, 15.98leaves, 27.81cm2\u0000, 7.69g and 2.15g sequentially. The\u0000addition of 3000 mg.L-1\u0000of potassium gave the highest averages for the traits\u0000plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight and root dry weight,\u0000where their averages were 73.11cm, 14.66 leaves, 25.11cm2\u0000, 6.63g and 1.87g respectively. Some bi- and tr-interactions between studied factors showed a different effect on the studied characteristics.\u0000Keywords: Wheat plant, water quality, field capacity, potassium concentration.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133828480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Detection, Isolation and Molecular Confirmation of Parainfluenza Virus-3 in\u0000Camels, Iraq","authors":"Hussein A. M. Al-Bayati, G. J. Shamkhi, S. AL-Aidy, H. Gharban","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.29","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to detect and isolate the Parainfluenza-3 virus\u0000(PIV-3) in camels with naturally developed respiratory illness and to determine the\u0000titer of the isolates using the virus titration. Therefore, an overall 100 nasal swabs\u0000and jugular vein blood samples were collected from diseased camels in four districts in Wasit province (Iraq) from December (2019) to March (2020). The swabs\u0000were subjected to six subsequent passages on bovine kidney cell culture (BKCC)\u0000to isolate the virus and to confirm infection by molecular PCR assay. Fever\u0000(40°C), abundant runny nasal discharge, ocular discharge, coughing, depression,\u0000increased respiratory rate, abnormal breath sounds, and mainly wheezing are the\u0000most observed clinical signs. Positive findings were involved 24% by ELISA and\u000037% by RT-PCR. The age group from 1-2 years old showed a high infection rate,\u0000while the lower level was in the 4-6 years old group. Regarding season, the infection rate was high in winter compared to spring. Sheik Saad city appeared to have a\u0000higher infection rate than other districts. The positive samples inoculated into the\u0000Bovine kidney cell culture (BKCC) revealed the cytopathic effects (CPE) after\u0000three successive passages, which appeared as clumping and rounding with the\u0000progression of infection time at the 4th passage. Elongation and giant cell formation were shown in some isolates after the 5th and 6th passages until they\u0000reached complete detachments of the cells from the cell sheet. The titer of viral\u0000tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of the 3rd passage was determined in\u0000BKCC cells at 10–3/0.05 ml, and the high titer was shown at the 5th and the 6th\u0000passages equal to 10-5/ 0.05 ml. In conclusion, PIV-3 is widespread among camels\u0000infected with respiratory illness; therefore, studies are necessary to detect the\u0000prevalence rate among camels in other Iraqi regions.\u0000Keywords: PIV-3, Fusion protein gene, Hemagglutination protein gene, ELISA,\u0000PCR","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132129579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}