Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science最新文献

{"title":"Инфантилизм: теоретический конструкт и операционализация","authors":"Елена Владимировна Сабельникова, Н.В. Хмелева","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-3-89-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-3-89-105","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the presented research is to define and operationalize theoretically the concept of infantilism and its construct. The content of theoretical construct «infantilism» is analyzed.  Methods . The methods of theoretical research involve analysis and synthesis. The age and content criteria are analysed in the context of childhood and adulthood. The traits which can be interpreted as adult infantile traits are described.  Results . The characteristics of adult infantilism in modern world taking into account the increasing of information flows and socio-economic changes are defined. The definition of the concept «infantilism» including its main features is given. Infantilism is defined as the personal organization including features and models of the previous age period not adequate for the real age stage with emphasis on immaturity of the emotional and volitional sphere.  Scientific novelty . The main psychological characteristics of adulthood are described as the reflection, requirement to work and professional activity, existence of professional self-determination, possession of labor skills, need for selfrealization, maturity of the emotional and volitional sphere. As objective adulthood characteristics are considered the following: transition to economic and territorial independence of a parental family, and also development of new social roles, such as a worker, spouse, and parent. Two options of a possible operationalization of concept are allocated: objective (existence / absence in real human life of objective criteria of adulthood) and subjective (the self-report on subjective feeling of existence / lack of psychological characteristics of adulthood).  Practical significance consists in a construct operationalization of «infantilism» which at the moment has so many interpretations. That operationalization is necessary for the further analysis and carrying out various researches.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSYCHOLOGICAL AMORTIZATION FACTORS FOR MEDIA IMPACT IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN FROM DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPS","authors":"O. Makhovskaya, Fyodor Olegovich Marchenko","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-3-70-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-3-70-89","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this publication is to analyze the domestic and foreign psychological researches on influence of TV-programs on social, cognitive and emotional development of children.  Methods . Methods involve a comparative historical and psychological analysis of papers, manuscripts and archival records of television companies.  Results . The present study demonstrates that educational television, subsequently on-line resources for children, affect operative cognitive functions, increase cognitive motivation, and contribute to the formation of other important cognitive and social skills. However, the impact on children on-screen resources depends on the status and education level of the family.  Scientific novelty . Much attention is given to the fact that it is the first attempt to provide historical and psychological analysis of world-wide studies of the effects of children’s television, from the main countries-producers of TV and video programs for children of different age – Russia, USA, Germany, France, Israel, etc.  Criteria and matrix for comparison of heterogeneous researches, the domestic theory of child development, cultural-historical approach, the theory of stage formation of mental actions, activity theory had been chosen.  Practical significance of the research is that these criteria can be used to assess any of the videos, their educational potential. Psychologists involved in the process of television production, this article will help to simulate the learning process taking into account the age of the children and their socio-cultural origin.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Лонгитюдное исследование музыкальной одаренности школьниц","authors":"Светлана Николаевна Лосева","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-80-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-80-93","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to consider the empirical aspects of the development of musical gifted schoolgirls in vocal and choral activities. Methods. Scientific methods of research (observation, questionnaire, interview, formative experiment, longitude, testing) are used. Data are analyzed using a complex of psychodiagnostic techniques: culture and free intelligence test by R. Cattell; the modified creative test by F. Williams; personal multifactorial questionnaire by R. Cattell. The reliability of the results and the validity of the findings is provided by the use of reliable and proven in the domestic and foreign psychology methods and techniques, using different statistical methods of data processing, the definition of parametric and non-parametric statistical tests (Student’s t-criterion, Spearman’s rank correlation, criterion U-Mann – Whitney, criterion T-Wilcoxon, L-criterion trends Page). Results and scientific novelty. Results of longitudinal research of development of musical aptitude are presented. Experimental work in which schoolgirls of 8–15 years participated, was carried out on the basis of creative choral collectives of Irkutsk within three years. Features of development of the pupils who are engaged in singing are revealed. It is established that in process of development of specially developed program (comprehension of emotional and semantic aspects of perception of a piece of music, finding of ability to distinguish musical timbres and the general coloring of sounding etc.) analytical and intonation hearing improves under pupils’ age. Regular long singing trainings promote formation of cogitative operations: active development of divergent, rational and logical thinking and intelligence in general, and also acquisition of skills of a self-assessment. Besides, such occupations dispose children and teenagers to emotional responsiveness and spiritual self-improvement. Practical significance. The research materials can be useful for teachers of the higher school, experts in the field of creativity psychology, post-graduate students, and facilitators of independent activity of trainees at high schools.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"МОДЕЛЬ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЯ ПОЗИТИВНОЙ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ДЕТЕЙ С РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА (РАС): КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ И МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЙ ПОДХОДЫ Часть 1. Зарубежные модели обучения социальным навыкам детей с РАС","authors":"Albina Alexandrovna Nesterova, Rimma M. Aysina, Tatjana Fedorovna Suslova","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-145-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-145-155","url":null,"abstract":"The first part of the article aims to show different models of formation of social skills and technologies of social development of children with autism spectrum disorders used abroad. It aims to summarize and systemize the most promising methods of working with children with ASD, to analyze the researches that verify the efficiency of the technologies and prove the scientific validity of used methods. Methods. The methods involve theoretical analysis, systematization and summarization of scientific and methodological publications published abroad on the issue of developmen t of social skills in children with ASD. Results. The most efficient methodical techniques used abroad that had undergone the empirical approbation, which may be included in the process of social-psychological support for children with ASD and their families are defined under conditions of adaptation of such techniques. The most efficient and littleknown in Russia methods of development of social skills in children with ASD are described: video modeling; virtual technologies; technologies of inclusion of peers and parents in the process of socialization of children with autism. Scientific novelty. All modern foreign developments in the field of social development of children with ASD are summarized for the first time in the presented article; the question about the necessity of scientific validation of practical technologies and verification of the efficiency of the developed methods is raised. It has been shown that scientifically validated data that confirms the usefulness of many foreign methods for children and adolescents with ASD is absent. It has been concluded that translation and validation of some successful methods of socialization of children with ASD are important: video modeling; virtual technologies, possibilities of telecommunication methods. Practical significance . An overview of the most tested techniques will enhance the knowledge of domestic researches in the field of the most promising models of support of children with ASD and their families. A description of the basic principles and mechanisms of each of these methods, developed by foreign colleagues, will help different specialists (teachers-psychologists, speech pathologists, recreation therapists, teachers of inclusive education).","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО ПОРТФОЛИО ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫМ ПРОГРАММАМ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ","authors":"Юлия Дементьева","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-169-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-169-180","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is the description of the main problems of formation of the student’s electronic portfolio in the conditions of realization of Federal State Educational Standards of the Higher Education (FSES of HE). Methods. Theoretical analysis of scientific literature concerning the subject under discussion; monitoring of existing practices in modern Russian Universities procedures for the formation and maintenance of students electronic portfolio. Results. The author describes the main problems of the electronic students’ portfolio formation; some ways of solving described problems are offered. Scientific novelty concludes in the formation of key ideas of the electronic students’ portfolio based on the understanding of requirements of Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education for the results of mastering educational programs. They are the formation of general cultural, general professional and professional competences. Practical significance. The researching results will become the theoretical basis for the systematic organization of the process of creating and maintaining an electronic students’ portfolio during the whole period of their studying at the university; the researching results can become a basis for methodological developments.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Путь к всеобучу: достижения и трудности в развитии народного образования в сельской местности Пермской губернии второй половины XIX - начала XX века","authors":"Светлана Викторовна Голикова","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-156-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-156-168","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the publication is the analysis of formation and development of the primary school in the post-reform period in rural areas of the Perm province in terms of its strategic perspective which suggests transition to compulsory primary education as an integral part of the process of creating social and cultural environment of modern times. Methods. Education is observed in terms of institutional and systemic approaches, and the post-reform stage of its development is analyzed in the context of the modernization theory. Historical-dynamic analysis and comparative-historical method are mostly used when systemizing factual data. Results. The article reveals basic stages and characteristics of elementary public schools in the Perm province countryside during pre-vseobuch (compulsory education) period. The dynamics of the educational process in reference to the number of schools and enrollments is shown; the scale of the process and the participation of the «zemstvo system» (i.e. district council) and the Orthodox Church in it are estimated. The clergy’s view on parochial schools as a special type of educational institutions is also described. Difficulties faced by public school policy during the implementation of rural compulsory education in the province are marked. It is shown that to achieve total literacy in the rural areas in the pre-revolutionary period was impossible in spite of the accelerated speed of the school education and substantial progress in the organization of the compulsory primary education. Scientific novelty. Turning to the history of compulsory elementary schools in terms of the «compulsory education paradigm» offers the possibility to set clear criteria for assessing the level of development of the education system and show how the compulsory education environment was formed. Practical significance. The results of the study and the facts introduced into scientific use can be adopted as a part of academic courses on the history and sociology of education.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Как отвечать на детские вопросы","authors":"Оскар Бренифье","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-135-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-2-135-144","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the investigation is to disclose the possible philosophical conversation with the child. Methods. The author uses general scientific research methods, including observation and interviews, philosophical analysis. Results and scientific novelty. The author reveals the essence of philosophical conversations with the child, calls the main reasons for the extinction of the children’s curiosity, illustrating examples of incorrect behavior of adults to communicate with children. It is recommended how to be responsible for children’s issues. The article discusses the main reasons for the extinction of the children’s curiosity by illustrating examples of an erroneous behaviour of adults in dealing with children. It is shown that if the teacher does not find a systematic way to engage children in the essential discussion, the children most likely will not learn how to contemplate seriously. The author gives detailed guidance how to answer children’s questions. Practical significance. The article may be of interest to parents, teachers, experts in the field of psychology of creativity, post-graduates and organizers of independent activity of students of higher education institutions.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67570019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ПРИОБЩЕНИЕ К РОССИЙСКОЙ МУЗЫКАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ПОДГОТОВКИ УЧИТЕЛЕЙ МУЗЫКИ В КИТАЕ","authors":"Array Г. Тагильцева, Array Бодун","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-1-169-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-1-169-179","url":null,"abstract":"Article purpose – to open the ways of introduction of the Chinese students who are trained in Chinese pedagogical higher education institutions to musical culture of Russia. Methods. The paper is based on ideas of extrapolation of the Russian and Chinese teachers about interrelation of arts and types of art activity of children in the process of vocational performing cello training of future music teachers at pedagogical universities of China; the traditional methods and means of music education that proved the efficiency in pedagogics of professional music education in Russia. The research methods involve the analysis, generalization of literature, the analysis of a condition of modern process of professional pedagogical education of future music teachers at universities of China and Russia. Results: The methods and means of introduction of the Chinese students – future music teachers to cello musical culture of Russia are shown on the basis of interrelation of arts and different means of art activities, and mastering at cello fingering techniques. It is noted that such means and ways serve mutual enrichment of national cultures, and strengthening of international relations. Scientific novelty. The most effective methods of vocational training of music teachers are revealed: polyart education that is based on comparison of different types of art (music, poetry, dance, theater, the fine arts) and search of their crossing for deeper penetration into plasticity of intonations of a piece of music; the method of a retrospective and prospect consisting in the comparative analysis of the classical, borrowed from an arsenal recognized masters and modern manners of performance and ways of training at fingering and playing the chosen musical instrument; the method of the Russian teacher, musician and composer D. B. Kabalevsky based on perception and reflection about music, expanding ideas of the range of bag, opportunities of interpretation of a piece of music, specifics of individual equipment and its esthetic features of each musician. Basic abstracts which are offered to be created by students in the course of such reflection can be used further by them in real professional activity as the main material for the musical analysis of works at school lessons. Practical significance. Recommendations on the ways realization of polyart education, method of prospect and a retrospective, perception and reflection of music and also modern tutorials of students are offered: the computer, a movie camera for vocational training of future music teachers who are trained in cello performance.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication skills at job interview: pedagogical insight into the problem","authors":"A. Julia","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-1-109-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-1-109-117","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to justify the need of teaching students how to use communicative skills in foreign language during the job interview; to demonstrate how to form the corresponding verbal competences based on the analysis of the certain communicative situation. Methods. The complex of complementary research methods are used in order to achieve the set goal: theoretical methods – analysis, synthesis, generalization of research papers; empirical methods – discourse-analysis of institutional communication; methods of data collection and storage; experimental methods – experimental learning, implementation. Results and scientific novelty. It is shown how to build up pupils’ competence of speech behavior during business dialogue, proceeding from a communicative situation. For the first time the job interview was described from the communicative point of view (strategic goals and verbal behavior of both communicators) based on the recordings of real job interviews. Practical significance. The study results presented in the paper may be used in direct teaching communicative skills at the job interview, in theoretical courses (delivering lectures on cross-cultural education, teaching foreign languages, the language of the specialty, etc.).","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ДИДАКТИКА: РАЗВИТИЕ ИЛИ ЗАСТОЙ?","authors":"Смирнов Игорь Павлович","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2016-1-133-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-1-133-144","url":null,"abstract":"ARTICLE RETRACTED The aim of the paper – the detailed analysis of the monograph «Contents and Structure of Regularities of Process of Training (Theory and Experiment)» which is written by the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education (RAE), Doctor of pedagogical sciences, Professor I. I. Logvinov. The book was included into a series «Basic researches of institute of the theory and history of pedagogics of the Russian Academy of Education. Proceedings 2008–2012». The review of the monograph of I. I. Logvinov has become a reason for reflections of the author of the present publication about actual, most burning issues of a modern Russian educational system: on the status of pedagogics in modern domestic science; evolutions of didactic knowledge and its typology; quality of dissertation researches and emasculation in scientific pedagogical concepts of the fundamental bases; ideologization of didactics and a role of the state in this process. Sorting basic thesis of I. I. Logvinov’s work, in something agreeing, and in something arguing with the scientist, the author of article claims that it is a serious and necessary work where the extremely important questions concerning the most painful points of the Russian pedagogical science and a condition of our education in general are brought up.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}