Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science最新文献

{"title":"Качество образования и проблемы подготовки педагогических кадров","authors":"В.П. Борисенков","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-3-4-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-3-4-28","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the investigation is to reveal the reasons of deterioration of education quality at the Soviet and Post-Soviet school and, adopting the best experience of the countries that are recognised as world leaders in education; to plan the solution ways to current problems and situation at the Russian school.  Methods. The principle of a historicism that expresses the necessity of concrete historical studying of the public phenomena is put in a basis of methodology of the research conducted by the author; it includes pedagogical phenomena (in the course of its origin), its development and transformation, taking into account variety of its communications, dependences and mediations.  The concrete methods used in work, are typical for theoretical research: the analysis, an estimation and reduction in system of the empirical and generalised material on the selected theme. Large corpus of the scientific literature is studied. The data of the published international researches on education in which our country is widely involved (PISA, TIMSS), and also the national researches undertaken in the USA, Great Britain and other countries are considered. Methods of expert estimations, and direct supervision of educational process in secondary and higher educational institutions are applied.  Results. The general characteristic of evolution of quality of the Russian education is presented during the Soviet and Post-Soviet periods. The factors which have had negative influence on quality of school training during the various periods are revealed. The estimation of the reasons which have caused failures of school reforms, carried out in the USSR in the 60–80s and within two last decades in modern Russia is given. The concurrent important positive shifts in this sphere, taking place in the same years are noted. Results of the international researches on education (PISA and TIMSS) are presented; the scoring of Russia among other states is defined, following the results of the testing of students revealing level of reading literacy, mathematical and natural-science competence.  Scientific novelty. The author finds out the true reasons which have caused gradual decrease of quality indicators of education still long before disintegration of Soviet Union, aiming to overcome the settled representations and the stereotypes, concerning evolutions of school training quality in Russia. New elements of strategy of an education development in the countries which have become the powerful and leading nations in the given sphere are found out and considered based on the findings of the international researches.  Practical significance. Perspective directions of preparation of the pedagogical personnel complying with the qualifying characteristics of modern requirements are allocated. Realisation of practical measures according to these directions and taking into account specificity of regions of Russia will promote training improvement of quality education in Russia that ha","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW HORIZONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: FROM THE NOOSPHERIC WORLDVIEW TO THE NOOSPHERIC ETHICS","authors":"Сергей Витальевич Иванов","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-3-29-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-3-29-45","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to identify promising areas of the development of environmental education at secondary school and a substantiation of the urgent decision necessity of a problem of formation noospheric vision of the world by the students.  Methods. The methods involve logical-methodological and historical and methodological analysis of some concepts; theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and sociological literature; analysis of existing programs, textbooks on Natural Sciences of the secondary school; modeling of contents science education.  Results. The necessity of the complex approach to development of ecocentric ecological consciousness and formation of noospheric worldviews among school students is proved on the basis of the philosophical and psychologicalpedagogical analysis of concept \"view of the world\" and estimations of prospects of development of a human civilisation. The structure of the view of the world is presented; the principles including moral basis and ethical standards which are required to be mastered by pupils of educational institutions are defined.  Scientific novelty. The definition of noospheric worldviews is given; its structure and the basic channels of formation are shown: cognitive (translation of knowledge about the world and the person), perceptive (involving in educational process of emotions and feelings), and practical (inclusion of the person in socially-significant, nature-aligned, creative activity).  Practical significance. The research findings can be useful while modeling the environmental education in educational institutions; practical work of teachers, teachers of an additional education; development of training programs and manuals, contributing to the spread of knowledge on ecology, integrity of the Universe, noospheric ethics, and importance to civilisation preservation of naturealigned attitude of the person to the world around.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROBLEMS OF PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC ACCREDITATION OF ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND THE PROSPECTS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION","authors":"Татьяна Владимировна Матвеева, Наталья Вячеславовна Машкова, О. Н. Ткачева, Ольга Геннадьевна Сафина","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-137-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-137-150","url":null,"abstract":"Leading role in the process of development and improvement of modern Russian education plays an additional professional education, which, to the greatest extent, responds to the qualitative changes in the socio-economic relations in a rapidly changing world. The aim of this paper is to identify the organizational and legal problems of professional and public accreditation of additional professional education programs in Russia and the opportunities development of this institution in modern conditions.  The scientific research problem was to justify the need for professional and public accreditation of additional professional education programs of modern universities on the basis of delegation of procedures for evaluating the quality of education by public authorities to the public expert organizations, which ensure the independence and objectivity of the decisions made by qualified experts using a standardized assessment tools and tech to meet the needs of all parties concerned for highly qualified professionals.  Methods . Empirical and theoretical methods were applied in the process of solving the problems in the scientific work to achieve the objectives of the study and test the hypothesis of an integrated methodology. Theoretical research methods involve: analysis of different literary sources (including legislative and regulatory enactments of the Higher Authorities of the Russian Federation, regulatory enactments of the Ministry of General and Vocational Education of the Russian Federation), compilation, synthesis of empirical data, comparative analysis, and others. Empirical research methods include: observation, testing, interview, questionnaire, ranking, pedagogical experiment, analysis of the products of activity, method of expert evaluations, methods of mathematical statistics, and other.  Results . The expediency of independent accreditation procedures is proved. The goals that need to be solved to enhance the competitiveness of additional professional education objects in the new economic paradigm are indentified.  Scientific novelty . The research findings include the following conclusions: the main tendencies in the development of accreditation procedures for assessing the quality of educational services in system of additional professional education in modern Russia are revealed; the fundamentals of professional public accreditation of additional professional education programs organization are justified; the gaps in the legal regulation of accreditation of additional educational programs are identified, and the necessity of professional public accreditation for improvement the competitiveness of additional educational programs is justified.  Practical significance . Proposed and developed evaluation system of educational programs provides objectivity, credibility and transparency of the evaluation procedures; defines guidelines for accreditation institutions, expert committees, education authorities, managers and employees of edu","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Опыт профориентационной работы за рубежом","authors":"Сергей Николаевич Толстогузов","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-151-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-151-165","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of careeroriented activities carried out with students of schools in developed and developing countries. Career Guidance in Russia, despite the vast experience of its implementation, is experiencing serious difficulties. In this regard, it is important to take into account the international experience career-oriented activities, such as in the developed countries of North America and the European Union as well as in several Asian countries with rapidly growing economies and a large demographic potential, taking into account the best variants for the Russian education system.  Methods . The experience of career-oriented work undertaken with pupils of the USA, Canada, Israel, France, UK, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Japan, Singapore, China and India is shown on the basis of the comparative analysis of different publications and information sources. The author has made an attempt to generalize the principles of psycho-pedagogical and administrative assistance in professional self-determination of senior pupils abroad.  Scientific novelty . The approaches to career-oriented activities in countries with different levels of economic development are compared for the first time. Some principles are revealed. Firstly, the higher the income level per capita in the country, the greater attention is given to vocational guidance. The politics in the developed countries is based on interests of the individual: children’s acquaintance with the world of professions begins already at younger school and the moment of definitive selfdetermination is postponed till the end of their senior stage of education; the possibility of direction change of professional preparation in case of detection of discrepancy of qualities of the pupil to originally selected profile is provided. Career-oriented activity in developing countries, on the contrary, is rigidly coordinated to requirements of economy and a labour market; earlier fixing of professional preferences and less flexible relation to an unsuccessful choice of a speciality or profession of the youth is marked there. The most typical characteristics of foreign career-oriented schemes are the following: the organisation of continuous training lasting throughout all school; supervision over students’ achievements, propensities and hobbies; portfolio or cumulative files drafting and recording data of all pupil’s results while professional consulting and selection of entrants for vocational training continuation in colleges or high schools. The author points out the general characteristic: the economy requirement for high quality experts on the basis of selection of the pupils who are able to master high-end technologies and have an obvious potential of professional growth and personal development.  Practical significance . The research materials and implementations can be useful to Russian career-and professional specialists, and the experts who are engaged in education mana","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Социальное и педагогическое прогнозирование в процессе социализации детей","authors":"Array Леонидовна Леутина","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-43-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-43-55","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in the importance of prediction in pedagogic activity is related to modern postindustrial economic trends which are becoming oriented primarily toward an individual and his/her personal abilities as a basic manufacturing resource. The increase in personal resource value determines the application of socio-structural approach in pedagogy which contributes to the reduction of risks connected with the results of pedagogic activity and makes prediction of social and personal evolution of a child more prominent.  The aim of the present research is to provide an analysis of prevalence of predictive thinking in modern theoretic pedagogy as well as elaboration of methodological schemes of implementation of social and pedagogic prediction in pedagogic activity, the primary function of which is successful socialization of children.  Methods . The content-analysis of results of the researches published in scientific and pedagogical journals during 2006–2013, has shown that in modern educational practice while implementing the measures on children socialization, projective technologies of forecasting of the future of pupils are used precious little or are not used at all. The socio-constructive approach reducing many risks of pedagogical activity is given; as an effective toolkit of prospects determination of social and personal development of the child.  Results . The author draws readers’ attention to the advantages of the organisation of the educational process based on a teacher’s reflection of achievements and abilities of the pupil, and prolonged forecasting on the ground of possible ways of the further students’ personality development.  Scientific novelty . The author is the first to introduce the ontological socialization scheme and the scheme of socialization process as a natural and artificial system based on positions of the concept of socio-technical systems management developed by the founder of the Moscow methodological coterie, G. P. Schedrovitskij. The necessity of using in pedagogy of two types of prediction – «pedagogic» and «social» is proved in the article on the grounds of the schemes presented by the author.  Practical significance . The methods of forecasting activity proposed in the research will help teachers-experts to organise their professional work in a more effective, rational and qualitative way.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"МЕДИАЦИЯ В РАБОТЕ ПЕДАГОГА ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ","authors":"Екатерина Владимировна Рябинина","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-2-52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-2-52-61","url":null,"abstract":"The purpos e of this paper is to study modern conflictological situation in Russian society, which requires the widespread introduction of new technologies for the management of conflicts in the educational process and re-thinking of the teacher’s role as a mediator to optimize the relationship process among students.  Results . The author describes the stages of mediation and the specific work of the teacher-mediator in the educational organization and the requirements for their qualifications, demonstrates the types of activities of conflict resolution and their impact on the participants of conflict interaction. Particular attention is considered to the basic principles of mediation in the educational system.  Scientific novelty . The author singles out the problems of mediation in the work of higher school teachers. The teacher defending the rights of students tries to resolve any disputes and conflicts with the interests of the disputing parties and social justice. Mediation as a form of alternative dispute resolution is becoming an integral part of the legal culture of our society. The article points to the need to enhance the conflict competence of teachers of higher schools.  Practical significance . The research findings can be useful for psychologists, managers in the education system and teachers of higher education; conclusions proposed in the article can find practical implementation in teaching the course «Conflict Management». Presented theoretical material can be used for the formation and development of a mediation service in high school, should be the subject of further research in this area to find out alternative methods of dispute resolution in educational process.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ И ИЗУЧЕНИЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ВУЗАХ В КОНТЕКСТЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ МАГИСТЕРСКОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ ДВОЙНЫХ ДИПЛОМОВ «ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЕ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО»","authors":"Сергей Юрьевич Марочкин, Марина Игоревна Шуневич","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-2-41-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-2-41-51","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this paper is a necessity for law-students not only to master professional legal knowledge, but also knowledge and skills in the management of corporations and enterprises. This issue is particularly relevant for the course of European law, as well as for the corresponding master’s degree programs «Jurisprudence». Key attention is paid to the necessity of including such academic disciplines for students as the topic «Corporate governance» and the theme «Corporate Law» into the magister program of two diplomas «European and International Law» for the universities of Eastern Europe. In this context, development of corporate governance in Central Europe and Russia is compared; the problems of such management in the Russian economy are designated.  The aim of this study is analysis and systematization of theoretical and methodological aspects, as well as practical guidance in the development of teaching and studying of corporate governance in high law schools and colleges. To achieve this task the following objectives were: to analyze the basic acting model of legal education and modern educational technologies necessary for the implementation of the system of higher education; organize and summarize the theoretical and methodical bases of corporate governance, its principles; define the role corporate governance in the implementation of business activity, as well as to compare its role in Russia and Central Europe; explore the practical importance of training in the field of corporate law  Methods . The research is based on the dialectic method regulating legislative norms, including the corporate right and activity of managing subjects. The retrospective analysis of pedagogical achievements and forecasting were used.  Results . Working models of the juridical education and the modern educational technologies are considered in the present paper. Such models help promote systemization and generalisation of leading positions of a corporate governance, and its principles. The corporate governance role in realisation of enterprise activity in Russia and the Central Europe is defined. The role of corporate law course in the curriculum of higher legal education and the practical significance development of the given subject for the future experts-lawyers is shown.  Scientific novelty . The value of teaching and learning issues of corporate governance in the course of legal institutions and higher educational institutions is reviewed and analyzed for the first time with regard to the new initiative of the international double degree program among the members of the consortium of several universities in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe.  Practical significance . The research findings and results of the study can be used as for the development of both the level of students’ knowledge and expand the professional level of teachers’ skills, as well as to solve the problems of improvement of corporate management business entity of any organizat","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ПРИЕМЫ И ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАВЫКОВ КРИТИЧЕСКОГО МЫШЛЕНИЯ","authors":"Ирина Владимировна Глухова","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-114-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-114-122","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the issue of working out and introduction in educational process of higher educational institutions of the innovative technology for developing skills of critical thinking skills of the future specialists.  Research is aimed at revealing of the factors promoting formation of students’ critical thinking in high schools; the search of strategy and the receptions actualizing creative abilities of students and helping to formation of an active, independent person. The author gives the reasoned proving that it’s necessary to set up the creative educational environment and adjustment of positive dialogue between the teacher and the trainee for education of such person, development of abilities of an objective reflection, interpretation of the phenomena, formulations of adequate conclusions, well-founded evaluating.  Methods . The methods involve the analysis of the philosophical, psychology-pedagogical, methodical literature and the scientific periodical publications; generalisation of the Russian and foreign background, classification and arrangement of the considered issues, supervision.  Results . Current approaches to the rendering of critical thinking and a problem of its formation in the scientific literature are considered; the concept «the creative educational environment» is specified; the ways of increasing the educational process efficiency are shown.  Scientific novelty . The complex of procedures and the conditions promoting effective development of critical thinking skills is theoretically proved on the basis of the analysis of various information sources.  Practical significance . The research outcomes and the recommended methods of critical thinking skills formation can be useful for the professors and lecturers of higher education institutions to optimize subject matter selection, techniques and methods of education under the conditions of dynamically updated educational process.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"НЕПРЕРЫВНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК РЕСУРС ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БАРЬЕРОВ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ","authors":"Эльвира Эвальдовна Сыманюк, Ирина Владимировна Девятовская","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-80-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-80-92","url":null,"abstract":"The current situation in Russia is characterized by rapid modernization and development of various spheres of activity. Intense pace of social and economic development of some countries, the processes of globalization, increasing competition due to the open labor market, act as a call to the level of personal and professional specialist development, to its ability for properly planning activities, mobility reconstructed in a rapidly changing professional situation, develop innovative technology and build their professional career.  The aim of this paper is a theoretical justification of continuing education as a resource for overcoming the psychological barriers in the process of professional development of the individual. Career stagnation objectively arising in the process of professionalization, the reduction of professional expectations and values mismatch personal and professional characteristics with the requirements of current professional situation are considered by the authors as psychological barriers to the professional development of an individual.  Methods . The authors used theoretical methods of research – analysis of the literature on the study, the synthesis of the conceptual issues of the classification. The paper presents an analysis of the Russian and foreign theories on the origin and development of psychological barriers.  Results . The terms «psychological barrier» and «overcoming the behavior» are specified. The psychological professional-development barriers of the person are highlighted and classified: professional degradation, deterioration of professional and psychological health of individuals. The resources for overcoming the psychological barriers are defined; the integral role is assigned to continuing education and self-education. As both Russian and international experience shows, adult education is becoming one of the leading forms of social activity having a wide array of technologies, methods and approaches; it is one of the principle forms of human social activities that provide an opportunity for constructive designing of successful professional individual trajectory of the human development.  Practical significance . The research implications and results of the study can be used as the teaching and learning packages while the process of training and retraining, the professional development of corporate staff, and training on career planning.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В США В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ","authors":"Ольга Ивановна Фомина","doi":"10.17853/1994-5639-2014-10-118-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2014-10-118-130","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract . The aim of the research is to investigate a current state of the US higher education and to show obstacles in a way of its innovative perfection; to reveal specificity of the US state policy concerning the higher school; to define factors that influence the effectiveness of the American research universities during the last decades.  Methods . The author applies for methods of the retrospective and logic analysis while considering social and economic conditions and features of functioning of the American higher educational institutions during the latter half of 20th – the early 21st centuries. Conclusions on a condition and prospects of development of the US higher education are made on the basis of the review and the author’s interpretation of original documentary sources tenor and the official statistical data.  Results . The author specifies the groups of factors that provide functioning efficiency of leading research universities of the USA. The research findings demonstrate that the diversification of funding sources, the concentration of talents in professorial, scientific, student communities, the guarantee of the academic mobility, and the favorable management structure of the US universities allow to lower dependence on economic instability, to provide development dynamism and adequately react to present calls. The characteristic of the system developed in the present period of the US higher education is given; the directions of its innovative development in modern conditions are defined.  Scientific novelty . The author singles out and proves the problems of the US higher school caused by an economic crisis in the early 21st century and essentially affected the state strategy in educational management sphere and the corporate policy of high schools, taking into consideration the inescapable fact that features of the US higher education system are caused by aspiration of this state to hold the leading positions in the world community. The contradictions of innovative development of higher education of the USA are revealed. The author notes that universities raise a student fee focusing on well-off students in an effort to stabilize its financial position forces as it negatively affects the formation of an intellectual potential of the country. On the one hand, accessibility (massification) of higher education due to distant technologies provides international popularity to the US universities; on the other hand, it lowers the education quality.  Practical significance . Implementation of the research outcomes while studying the positive foreign experience and judgements of the American colleagues in strategy of management adoption and the higher school organisation will help the Russian ones to find own way of rational and effective modernization of vocational training.","PeriodicalId":44143,"journal":{"name":"Obrazovanie i Nauka-Education and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}