Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická最新文献

{"title":"Josef Plojhar a rok 1968. Konec jedné ministerské kariéry","authors":"Michal Pehr","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"Catholic priest and chairman of the Czechoslovak People’s Party, and supreme functionary of the Board of pro-regime organisations (e.g. long-term vice-chairman of the Association of Czechoslovak Soviet Friendship), Josef Plojhar, was a distinctive figure in the political world of Communist Czechoslovakia during the first twenty years of its existence. He was one of the historically longest serving ministers of health and spent an unbelievable twenty years and one month in this position. He survived a number of political upheavals and purges within the terms of post-February Czechoslovakia. All this makes him an indisputably interesting figure, who has been neglected by previous historic research. This study is about the end of the climactic political career of this Catholic priest and chairman of the Czechoslovak People’s Party, who was Minister of Health from 1948 to 1968. His political downfall came about in connection with the Prague Spring in 1968.","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124578332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„Slovník“ aneb Vídeňský učitel v roli pašeráka exilové literatury","authors":"Jitka Hanáková","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2019.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2019.006","url":null,"abstract":"The arrival of the occupying armies in August 1968 and the subsequent normalisation purges resulted in an unusually large wave of emigration. The regime responded to this by closing state borders in October 1969. The great number of refugees brought new stimuli to activities in exile, such as establishment of new exile periodicals and publishing houses, which contributed to preserving independent Czech literature. Some of the books produced by publishing houses in exile were always intended for readers in Czechoslovakia, where they were transported using various smuggling routes. A new smuggling channel was created in 1983 – the so-called Austrian route – by agreement between Jiří Pelikán and Vilém Prečan. They used the code word “dictionary” for this route when communicating with each other. The “dictionary” was a large passenger car, which Jiří Pelikán authorised Adolf Müller to purchase and which was modified by experts from the American secret service who created a secret compartment for transporting books and periodicals in the luggage space. Vilém Prečan and Josef Jelínek then came up with a way to fill the compartment. Young teacher Helmut Bachmann, took receipt of the car from V. Prečan in Vienna. He was talked into collaborating by Jana Stárková. Bachmann drove the car to Czechoslovakia as a tourist roughly once every three months and Jiřina Šiklová organised receipt of the consignments in Prague. The compartment was created so cleverly that the Czechoslovak border control forces were unable to find it, even after thoroughly inspecting the car for forty minutes, something that occurred in March 1984. This transport channel, financed by Jiří Pelikán, was used from the summer of 1983 until the end of 1987, when the car was taken out of operation.","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132033049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neznámá svědectví o činnosti Jana Šrámka v době okupace a druhé světové války","authors":"Michal Pehr","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2019.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2019.003","url":null,"abstract":"The submitted study is devoted to the activities of Jan Šrámek during the occupation and during the Second World War. This period of his life is unusually observed chiefly by means of various types of ego-documents, such as the correspondence, memoirs and memories of his contemporaries; some of these sources are still unknown and many of them are in the private hands of the descendants of the actors of events themselves. The circumstances of Šrámek’s activities in Paris, his dramatic journey to Great Britain and subsequently his activities as chairman of the government in exile in London are described. These sources show J. Šrámek as a distinctive, respected and indispensible political figure, with his own effective style of work.","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122898811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dokumentace a prezentace venkovského stavitelství v ČR: historický vývoj a současné možnosti a limity","authors":"Jiří Woitsch, Kateřina Sedlická, Dana Motyčková","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2021.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2021.006","url":null,"abstract":"Documentation and presentation of vernacular architecture in the Czech Republic: Historical overview and possibilities and limits of contemporary approaches\u0000\u0000The study presents an analysis of the basic trends in the documentation and presentation of vernacular (peasant, rural) architecture in the Czech Republic over the past 150 years. Based on this analysis, four basic stages of documentation of vernacular architecture were identified. They differ primarily in the institutional background and the degree of professionalisation of the activities carried out, the theoretical-methodological and epistemological conceptualisation of rural architecture in the fields of art history on the one hand and ethnology on the other, the degree of systematicity and spatial complexity of research and documentation, and finally its objectives (documentation carried out solely for the purpose of scientific research vs. documentation aimed also at popularisation and presentation of results to the public). The developmental stages of documentation and presentation of vernacular architecture are: (a) Stage of haphazard lay and expert documentation with presentation objectives (2nd half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century); (b) Stage of haphazard mainly expert/scientific documentation without presentation objectives (beginning of the 20th century to the 1950s). (c) Stage of systematic professional/ scientific documentation without presentation objectives (1950s to 1990s); (d) Stage of haphazard and systematic professional/scientific documentation with presentation objectives and use of new technological possibilities (1990s to present). Using the specific example of the VISKALIA project (Virtual Open Air Museum), the article also points out the possibilities and limits of contemporary documentation and presentation of rural architecture offered to ethnology and ethnology-oriented museology and related fields by contemporary trends in the so-called digital humanities and heritage science.","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116865714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revize a nové objevy v genealogii vybraných členů hraběcího rodu Swéerts-Sporck pochovaných v Kuksu (19.–20. století)","authors":"Jan Cvrček, František Fortin, Milena Běličová, P. Mašek, Petr Velemínský","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2022.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2022.002","url":null,"abstract":"Revision and new discoveries in the genealogy of selected members of the Swéerts-Sporck family buried at Kuks (19th–20th century)\u0000\u0000The family of the Counts Sporck, or later Swéerts-Sporck, is one of the most interesting noble lines in Bohemia, especially in connection with the persons of general Johann Sporck (1600-1679), who was elevated to the nobility for his achievements in the Habsburg army, and his son František Antonín (1662-1738), founder of the important Baroque monument Kuks Hospital (Trutnov District, Hradec Králové Region, Bohemia, Czech Republic). Osteological research into the skeletal remains of six of their 19th century descendants from the Swéerts-Sporck family (unknown child †1817; Joseph †1848; Joseph †1855; Barbara †1873; Moritz †1882; Celina †1914), conducted by the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum in Prague due to the need to repair their coffins in the family tomb at Kuks, also necessitated genealogical research. Although they were important nobles, it turned out that a large amount of their biographical data was missing; moreover, details available in the literature were often inaccurate, and often contradictory and in several variants. This article brings a revision of their biographical data and also presents hitherto unknown aspects of their genealogy, so that for the first time official vital records from the Czech Republic, Poland and Ukrine are accurately cited for their births, marriages and deaths. The official causes of death recorded at the time are also confronted for the first time with pathological findings from the skeletal remains. Last but not least, this work opens up opportunities for further genealogical research, because some data still has not yet been traced or reliably verified.","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115184323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neznámý rukopis Všehrdových Knih devaterých?","authors":"Zdeněk Mužík","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"The Unknown Manuscript of the Všehrds’s On the Laws of the Czech Land Nine Books?\u0000\u0000The treatise On the Laws of the Czech Land Nine Books (O právích země české knihy devatery) by Viktorin of Všehrdy has a special position among the Bohemian land lawbooks. It was completed almost simultaneously with the official codification of the land law, which certainly influenced its reception. Nevertheless, it is preserved in many copies. The legal historian František Čáda made an analysis of them in 1961 and this article is a small addition to his work. The article provides information on six other copies and analyses one of them in detail. The newly discovered manuscript is a manuscript of the newer redaction and it is analysed in the context of the other known manuscripts, especially with newly redefined branch of the copies.","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116152084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pozůstalost Františka Škroupa (1801–1862) v Národním muzeu v Praze (Ke 160. výročí úmrtí)","authors":"Markéta Kabelková","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2022.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2022.007","url":null,"abstract":"The Czech composer and conductor František Škroup was one of the most important musicians active in Bohemia in the second quarter of the 19th century. For 30 years from 1827, he was a conductor at the Estates Theatre in Prague, the leading operatic stage in Bohemia (and from 1837 to 1858 the chief conductor), and he conducted the most important Prague concerts. He spent the last two years of his life in Rotterdam, where he took part in the inception of the newly established German opera. He had a major influence over the public’s developing musical tastes at the time, but now Škroup has unjustly become a nearly forgotten figure. He is remembered by the Czech public mostly as the composer of the song “Kde domov můj?” (Where My Home Is) from the farce Fidlovačka. Already in the 19th century, it spontaneously became the unofficial hymn of the Czech nation, and after the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy and the founding of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in 1918, it became the official national anthem. After Škroup’s death in 1862, the intention of his widow Karolina had been to donate his estate to the National Museum, but in 1863 she only sent the museum the autograph scores of two of Škroup’s key works: the singspiel Dráteník and the farce Fidlovačka. The National Museum obtained the estate in 1921 as an inheritance from Božena Škroupová (1847–1928), who bequeathed its contents to the museum under the condition that she would use some items until her death, whereafter they would be handed over to the National Museum, which she made her sole heir. This very extensive collection is of quite extraordinary cultural value: it contains tangible artefacts (furniture), a wealth of iconographical material, the personal documents of several members of the family of František Škroup – Karolina Škroupová, and their daughters Karolina and Božena, family correspondence. Škroup’s compositions including autograph scores, handwritten copies, and printed editions, plenty of printed material mostly from the period after Škroup’s death, and books. The artefacts and iconographical material were kept at the Department of Historical Archaeology, books and printed or manuscript writings were kept at the literary archive of the National Museum, and music was kept in the music collection that was formerly part of the National Museum Library. When the National Museum’s literature archives were transferred to the Literary Archive of the Museum of Czech Literature, this collection was retained at the National Museum and was registered among the collections at the Music Department in 1954. It is certain that sheet music was turned over to the museum in 1921 and furniture at the beginning of 1929; most of the books had been turned over already in 1921. In most cases it is not possible to determine reliably when written materials were handed over. Inventory numbers or shelf marks have been found for most of the items from the will, and the library still needs to be id","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122236353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Badatel české historie","authors":"Václav Ryneš","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2019.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2019.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130760866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profilové portréty ze sbírek Národního muzea","authors":"Anežka Mikulcová","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2021.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2021.001","url":null,"abstract":"A historic collection of the Department of Older Czech History of the National Museum, which includes, among others, a very extensive collection of portraits encompassing various techniques, from painted, graphic and photographic portraits, through ceroplastic portraits, portrait silhouettes and portrait medallions, to portrait busts. While painted portraits in the form of miniatures, small and large hanging paintings have been the subject of detailed scientific attention, other types of portraits have been somewhat neglected. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the presence of ceroplastic works, portrait silhouettes and small portrait medallions in the collections of the National Museum and to describe the phenomenon of profile portraits by means of these examples.","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133699743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portrétní siluety ze sbírek Národního muzea","authors":"Anežka Mikulcová","doi":"10.37520/cnm.2022.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37520/cnm.2022.003","url":null,"abstract":"Portrait silhouettes from the collections of the National Museum\u0000\u0000The historical collection of the Department of Old Czech History of the National Museum contains a collection of more than seventy portrait silhouettes. Because of the diversity of techniques, topics and styles in this collection, we can gain a fairly complex idea of this specific type of portraiture, which was and continues to be quite significantly overlooked by contemporary fine arts literature and exhibition practice. Together with painted and engraved profile portraits, ceroplastics and profile medallions contained in this department’s collection, the collection of silhouettes forms a comprehensive array based on the period phenomenon of profile images.","PeriodicalId":440569,"journal":{"name":"Časopis Národního muzea. Řada historická","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127322707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}