Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics最新文献_第8页

Beta-globin gene haplotypes and selected Malaria-associated variants among black Southern African populations. -珠蛋白基因单倍型和南部非洲黑人人群中选定的疟疾相关变异。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-11-27 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.14

G D Pule, E R Chimusa, K Mnika, K Mhandire, E Kampira, C Dandara, A Wonkam

{"title":"Beta-globin gene haplotypes and selected Malaria-associated variants among black Southern African populations.","authors":"G D Pule, E R Chimusa, K Mnika, K Mhandire, E Kampira, C Dandara, A Wonkam","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2017.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.14","url":null,"abstract":"Partial carrier-resistance to Plasmodium falciparum malaria conferred by the sickle cell (HbS) mutation has resulted in the local amplification and positive selection of sickle cell disease (SCD) in malaria-endemic regions and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The present study investigated the β-globin gene haplotypes, and selected malaria-associated variants among three cohorts of Bantu-speaking individuals from Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa compared with reports with data from others SSA populations. The data suggest a south-ward frequency decrease of malaria-associated variants in SSA linked to the evolutionary dynamics of various African populations' genomes through selective pressure of malaria. These selected genomics differences, positive selection of SCD in malaria-endemic regions among 'Bantus' from various part of Africa emphasise the evidence of the dissociation between genetics, anthropology and culture. The present study also showed a relatively prevalent Benin haplotype, which is mostly found in West Africa, among Southern African Blacks and very low Bantu haplotype, which could suggest a major migration route, of Southern Africa Bantu, along the African west coast, post-occurrence of the Sickle cell mutation, which date remain to be fully elucidated.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2017.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36193696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Competency of peripheral health workers in detection & management of common syndromic conditions under surveillance, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, 2016: a cross-sectional study. 周边卫生工作者在监测下发现和管理常见综合征的能力，印度西孟加拉邦北24 Parganas, 2016:一项横断面研究。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-10-11 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.13

F Debnath, T Bhatnagar, L Sundaramoorthy, M Ponnaiah

{"title":"Competency of peripheral health workers in detection & management of common syndromic conditions under surveillance, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, 2016: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"F Debnath, T Bhatnagar, L Sundaramoorthy, M Ponnaiah","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2017.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Competency of peripheral health workers in the detection and management of common syndromic conditions is crucial as they are the first point of contact for the majority of the Indian population.Methods: We measured the competency of auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs), and factors associated with inadequate competency, in the detection and management of common conditions-diarrhoea, acute respiratory tract infection, fever, malaria-through a cross-sectional study using condition specific validated clinical vignettes and structured questionnaires.Results: Out of 272 selected ANMs, 68% (95% CI 62-74%) were adequately competent. Factors independently associated with inadequate competency were unavailability of essential drugs in preceding month [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.95; 95% CI 1.1-3.5] and ever trained in integrated management of childhood illness (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.1).Conclusion: More than two third of the peripheral health workers were adequately competent to detect and manage common conditions. Ensuring uninterrupted drug availability and improved quality in service trainings might facilitate competency levels.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2017.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36193695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Developing a novel risk prediction model for severe malarial anemia. 建立一种新的严重疟疾性贫血风险预测模型。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-09-11 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.8

E B Brickley, E Kabyemela, J D Kurtis, M Fried, A M Wood, P E Duffy

{"title":"Developing a novel risk prediction model for severe malarial anemia.","authors":"E B Brickley, E Kabyemela, J D Kurtis, M Fried, A M Wood, P E Duffy","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2017.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.8","url":null,"abstract":"As a pilot study to investigate whether personalized medicine approaches could have value for the reduction of malaria-related mortality in young children, we evaluated questionnaire and biomarker data collected from the Mother Offspring Malaria Study Project birth cohort (Muheza, Tanzania, 2002-2006) at the time of delivery as potential prognostic markers for pediatric severe malarial anemia. Severe malarial anemia, defined here as a Plasmodium falciparum infection accompanied by hemoglobin levels below 50 g/L, is a key manifestation of life-threatening malaria in high transmission regions. For this study sample, a prediction model incorporating cord blood levels of interleukin-1β provided the strongest discrimination of severe malarial anemia risk with a C-index of 0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.84), whereas a pragmatic model based on sex, gravidity, transmission season at delivery, and bed net possession yielded a more modest C-index of 0.63 (95% CI 0.54-0.71). Although additional studies, ideally incorporating larger sample sizes and higher event per predictor ratios, are needed to externally validate these prediction models, the findings provide proof of concept that risk score-based screening programs could be developed to avert severe malaria cases in early childhood.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2017.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35687828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Developing the science and methods of community engagement for genomic research and biobanking in Africa. 为非洲的基因组研究和生物银行发展社区参与的科学和方法。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-09-04 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.9

P Tindana, M Campbell, P Marshall, K Littler, R Vincent, J Seeley, J de Vries, D Kamuya

{"title":"Developing the science and methods of community engagement for genomic research and biobanking in Africa.","authors":"P Tindana, M Campbell, P Marshall, K Littler, R Vincent, J Seeley, J de Vries, D Kamuya","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2017.9","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gheg.2017.9","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, community engagement (CE) in research has been implemented in the fields of public health, education and agricultural development. In recent years, international discussions on the ethical and practical goals of CE have been extended to human genomic research and biobanking, particularly in the African context. While there is some consensus on the goals and value of CE generally, questions remain about the effectiveness of CE practices and how to evaluate this. Under the auspices of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa Initiative (H3Africa), the H3Africa CE working group organized a workshop in Stellenbosch, South Africa in March 2016 to explore the extent to which communities should be involved in genomic research and biobanking and to examine various methods of evaluating the effectiveness of CE. In this paper, we present the key themes that emerged from the workshop and make a case for the development of a rigorous application, evaluation and learning around approaches for CE that promote a more systematic process of engaging relevant communities. We highlight the key ways in which CE should be embedded into genomic research and biobanking projects.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5732574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35687827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between sleep difficulties as well as duration and hypertension: is BMI a mediator? 睡眠困难和持续时间与高血压之间的关系:BMI是一个中介吗?

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-08-29 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.10

R M Carrillo-Larco, A Bernabe-Ortiz, K A Sacksteder, F Diez-Canseco, M K Cárdenas, R H Gilman, J J Miranda

{"title":"Association between sleep difficulties as well as duration and hypertension: is BMI a mediator?","authors":"R M Carrillo-Larco, A Bernabe-Ortiz, K A Sacksteder, F Diez-Canseco, M K Cárdenas, R H Gilman, J J Miranda","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2017.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.10","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep difficulties and short sleep duration have been associated with hypertension. Though body mass index (BMI) may be a mediator variable, the mediation effect has not been defined. We aimed to assess the association between sleep duration and sleep difficulties with hypertension, to determine if BMI is a mediator variable, and to quantify the mediation effect. We conducted a mediation analysis and calculated prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The exposure variables were sleep duration and sleep difficulties, and the outcome was hypertension. Sleep difficulties were statistically significantly associated with a 43% higher prevalence of hypertension in multivariable analyses; results were not statistically significant for sleep duration. In these analyses, and in sex-specific subgroup analyses, we found no strong evidence that BMI mediated the association between sleep indices and risk of hypertension. Our findings suggest that BMI does not appear to mediate the association between sleep patterns and hypertension. These results highlight the need to further study the mechanisms underlying the relationship between sleep patterns and cardiovascular risk factors.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2017.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35687826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Strengthening human genetics research in Africa: report of the 9th meeting of the African Society of Human Genetics in Dakar in May 2016. 加强非洲人类遗传学研究:2016年5月在达喀尔举行的非洲人类遗传学学会第9次会议报告。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-08-04 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.3

R Ndiaye Diallo, M Gadji, B J Hennig, M V Guèye, A Gaye, J P D Diop, M Sylla Niang, P Lopez Sall, P M Guèye, A Dem, O Faye, A Dieye, A Cisse, M Sembene, S Ka, N Diop, S M Williams, E Matovu, R S Ramesar, A Wonkam, M Newport, C Rotimi, M Ramsay

{"title":"Strengthening human genetics research in Africa: report of the 9th meeting of the African Society of Human Genetics in Dakar in May 2016.","authors":"R Ndiaye Diallo, M Gadji, B J Hennig, M V Guèye, A Gaye, J P D Diop, M Sylla Niang, P Lopez Sall, P M Guèye, A Dem, O Faye, A Dieye, A Cisse, M Sembene, S Ka, N Diop, S M Williams, E Matovu, R S Ramesar, A Wonkam, M Newport, C Rotimi, M Ramsay","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2017.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.3","url":null,"abstract":"The 9th meeting of the African Society of Human Genetics, in partnership with the Senegalese Cancer Research and Study Group and the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Consortium, was held in Dakar, Senegal. The theme was Strengthening Human Genetics Research in Africa. The 210 delegates came from 21 African countries and from France, Switzerland, UK, UAE, Canada and the USA. The goal was to highlight genetic and genomic science across the African continent with the ultimate goal of improving the health of Africans and those across the globe, and to promote the careers of young African scientists in the field. A session on the sustainability of genomic research in Africa brought to light innovative and practical approaches to supporting research in resource-limited settings and the importance of promoting genetics in academic, research funding, governmental and private sectors. This meeting led to the formation of the Senegalese Society for Human Genetics.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2017.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36193694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The long road to elimination: malaria mortality in a South African population cohort over 21 years. 消除疟疾的漫长道路:21年来南非人口队列中的疟疾死亡率。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-07-25 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.7

P Byass, M A Collinson, C Kabudula, F X Gómez-Olivé, R G Wagner, S Ngobeni, B Silaule, P Mee, M Coetzee, W Twine, S M Tollman, K Kahn

{"title":"The long road to elimination: malaria mortality in a South African population cohort over 21 years.","authors":"P Byass, M A Collinson, C Kabudula, F X Gómez-Olivé, R G Wagner, S Ngobeni, B Silaule, P Mee, M Coetzee, W Twine, S M Tollman, K Kahn","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2017.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria elimination is on global agendas following successful transmission reductions. Nevertheless moving from low to zero transmission is challenging. South Africa has an elimination target of 2018, which may or may not be realised in its hypoendemic areas.Methods: The Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System has monitored population health in north-eastern South Africa since 1992. Malaria deaths were analysed against individual factors, socioeconomic status, labour migration and weather over a 21-year period, eliciting trends over time and associations with covariates.Results: Of 13 251 registered deaths over 1.58 million person-years, 1.2% were attributed to malaria. Malaria mortality rates increased from 1992 to 2013, while mean daily maximum temperature rose by 1.5 °C. Travel to endemic Mozambique became easier, and malaria mortality increased in higher socioeconomic groups. Overall, malaria mortality was significantly associated with age, socioeconomic status, labour migration and employment, yearly rainfall and higher rainfall/temperature shortly before death.Conclusions: Malaria persists as a small but important cause of death in this semi-rural South African population. Detailed longitudinal population data were crucial for these analyses. The findings highlight practical political, socioeconomic and environmental difficulties that may also be encountered elsewhere in moving from low-transmission scenarios to malaria elimination.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2017.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35687825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Infectious disease research and the gender gap. 传染病研究和性别差距。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-06-08 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.2

J Sommerfeld, L Manderson, B Ramirez, J A Guth, J C Reeder

{"title":"Infectious disease research and the gender gap.","authors":"J Sommerfeld, L Manderson, B Ramirez, J A Guth, J C Reeder","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2017.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.2","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, women have been less likely to be supported through higher degree training programmes, and they continue to hold more junior positions in science. This paper reviews the current gender research and gender capacity-building efforts led by the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). Created more than 40 years ago as the only United Nations-based Special Programme dedicated to research and research capacity building on infectious diseases, TDR has a longstanding track record both in supporting research into gender-specific questions and in research capacity strengthening among women scientists. We provide an overview of these approaches, then describe a recent pilot programme on Women in Science, designed to understand and remedy the gender gaps in health research. The programme focused on Africa, but it is hoped that the replication of such schemes in TDR and other international funding agencies will lead to more attention being given to women in infectious diseases research in other continents. This article may not be reprinted or reused in any way in order to promote any commercial products or services.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2017.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36193693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The time is now - a call to action for gender equality in global health leadership. 现在是时候了——呼吁在全球卫生领导中采取行动，实现性别平等。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-05-24 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.1

R Dhatt, K Thompson, D Lichtenstein, K Ronsin, K Wilkins

引用次数: 6

The role of women's leadership and gender equity in leadership and health system strengthening. 妇女领导和性别平等在领导和加强卫生系统中的作用。

IF 1.9

Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics Pub Date : 2017-05-17 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2016.22

R Dhatt, S Theobald, S Buzuzi, B Ros, S Vong, K Muraya, S Molyneux, K Hawkins, C González-Beiras, K Ronsin, D Lichtenstein, K Wilkins, K Thompson, K Davis, C Jackson

{"title":"The role of women's leadership and gender equity in leadership and health system strengthening.","authors":"R Dhatt, S Theobald, S Buzuzi, B Ros, S Vong, K Muraya, S Molyneux, K Hawkins, C González-Beiras, K Ronsin, D Lichtenstein, K Wilkins, K Thompson, K Davis, C Jackson","doi":"10.1017/gheg.2016.22","DOIUrl":"10.1017/gheg.2016.22","url":null,"abstract":"Gender equity is imperative to the attainment of healthy lives and wellbeing of all, and promoting gender equity in leadership in the health sector is an important part of this endeavour. This empirical research examines gender and leadership in the health sector, pooling learning from three complementary data sources: literature review, quantitative analysis of gender and leadership positions in global health organisations and qualitative life histories with health workers in Cambodia, Kenya and Zimbabwe. The findings highlight gender biases in leadership in global health, with women underrepresented. Gender roles, relations, norms and expectations shape progression and leadership at multiple levels. Increasing women's leadership within global health is an opportunity to further health system resilience and system responsiveness. We conclude with an agenda and tangible next steps of action for promoting women's leadership in health as a means to promote the global goals of achieving gender equity.","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/gheg.2016.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36193692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67