Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Significant Mutations in Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and the Discovery of Potent Inhibitors.","authors":"Mohsen Almakrami, Mohammed Bazuqamah, Mohammed A Alshehri, Abdulaziz M S Alqahtani, Sultan F Kadasah, Naif Harthi, Rami Ali Alyami, Abdulmajeed Alqurashi, Abdulhadi A Al Ruwaithi","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/5042190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/5042190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that has a propensity for infecting epithelial cells and the respiratory system. The two important proteins, structural and nonstructural proteins, make the architecture of this virus. <b>Aim:</b> This research aimed at studying significant mutations in spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) and finding shared mutations among omicron and other four variants (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta). The purpose of this study was to draw structural comparisons between wild type and mutant proteins, followed by identifying potent inhibitors (ligand) that could be used against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its latest omicron VoC. <b>Methodology:</b> In this research, we had studied 16 major mutations as well as shared mutations (6) present in spike region of SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, we determined the structure of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 protein from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with the ID 7R4I. Furthermore, the structure of the mutant protein of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant was modeled in SWISS-MODEL. The ligand dataset for spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was also collected from literature and different databases. Both wild type and mutant proteins were docked with ligand database in Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). The docking analysis was performed, and two best ligand molecules, AZ_2 and AZ_13, were finalized based on their energy values, interactions, and docking scores to be used against our wild and mutant proteins. <b>Results:</b> AZ_2 demonstrated a docking score of -6.1753 in MOE, with energy values of -4.3889 and -6.1753. It formed key hydrogen bond interactions. AZ_13 showed a docking score of -5.9, with energy values of -9.3 and -5.9, forming hydrogen donor and acceptor interactions with Asp950 (3.06 Å), Ile312 (3.13 Å), and Glu309 (3.27 Å). These interactions suggest strong binding affinity and potential efficacy. Thus, present research work emphasized on identification of significant mutations and finding a potent target-based drug against SARS-CoV-2 and its omicron variant. <b>Outcomes:</b> Based on this computational analysis performed, it is suggested that proposed compound can be used as remedy against SARS-CoV-2 and its omicron variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5042190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chandipura Virus Resurgence in India: Insights Into Diagnostic Tools, Antiviral Development, and Public Health Implications.","authors":"Adewunmi Akingbola, Abiodun Adegbesan, Kolade Adegoke, Joel Chuku, Olajide Ojo, Petra Mariaria, Uthman Alao, Raolat Adenike Salami, Michael Oladunjoye","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/1015031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/1015031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging rhabdovirus primarily affecting pediatric populations in India, causing acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high mortality rates. First identified in 1965, CHPV has resurfaced in several outbreaks, the most recent being in 2024, with significant public health implications. The virus is transmitted primarily by sandflies, particularly <i>Phlebotomus</i> spp., and has been associated with a rapid progression of symptoms, leading to severe neurological damage and death. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques, no specific antiviral treatment or licensed vaccine currently exists. <b>Main Body of Abstract:</b> This manuscript reviews the latest findings on CHPV, focusing on diagnostic advancements, treatment strategies, and public health responses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have emerged as vital tools for rapid and accurate diagnosis, enabling the identification of CHPV in clinical and environmental samples. Antiviral therapies, such as ribavirin and favipiravir, have shown promise in vitro and preclinical models, but human trials are lacking. Additionally, the virus's unique epidemiology, including its reliance on sandfly transmission, complicates control efforts, particularly in resource-limited settings. The 2024 outbreak, with a case fatality ratio of over 30%, highlights the urgent need for improved surveillance, vector control measures, and public health interventions to curb the spread of CHPV. <b>Conclusion:</b> Despite considerable progress in diagnostics and experimental treatments, significant challenges remain in controlling CHPV outbreaks. The lack of specific antiviral therapies and vaccines continues to hinder effective management. Strengthened vector control strategies, advanced diagnostic infrastructure, and ongoing research into antiviral development are essential for mitigating the impact of CHPV in affected regions. International collaboration and sustained public health efforts will be crucial in preventing future outbreaks and reducing the disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1015031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonenteric Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections: Epidemiology and Resistance Patterns in Albania.","authors":"Silvi Bozo, Irida Ikonomi Hoxha, Eftiola Pojani","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/9944598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/9944598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health crisis that complicates the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). While Enterobacterales are primary UTI pathogens, nonenteric pathogens such as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i>, and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. are increasingly recognized, posing challenges due to their complex resistance mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, resistance patterns, and multidrug resistance (MDR) of nonenteric pathogens in community-acquired UTIs in Albania. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study was conducted in an outpatient clinic from September 2023 to September 2024, involving adults (≥ 18 years) and excluding individuals with recent antibiotic use or pregnancy. Urine samples were processed using blood and MacConkey Agar, followed by bacterial identification and susceptibility testing with the VITEK 2 system. A total of 11 antibiotics belonging to <i>β</i>-lactams, fluoroquinolones, glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones, lipopeptides, glycopeptides, and tetracyclines were tested. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results:</b> A total of 550 urine cultures were analyzed, of which 372 (67.6%) were positive for bacterial growth. Among these, 27.7% were identified as nonenteric pathogens, with a higher occurrence in females (66%) and young adults (18-39 years) (60.2%). <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was the most common Gram-positive pathogen (15.2% of the positive samples), while <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was the most frequent Gram-negative pathogen (9.1%). <i>P. aeruginosa</i> showed significant resistance to tigecycline (91.2%) and levofloxacin (38.2%), with no resistance to meropenem. <i>E. faecalis</i> showed high resistance to vancomycin (53.6%) and teicoplanin (46.4%), while <i>S. saprophyticus</i> showed moderate resistance. MDR prevalence was highest in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (26.5%). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study highlights the high prevalence of community-acquired UTIs in Albania, particularly among females, and concerning MDR rates. To address these challenges, it is crucial to implement standardized treatment protocols, improve antibiotic stewardship, and promote research to track resistance patterns, ultimately enhancing patient care and combating antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9944598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Slow Pandemic: Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Postadvent of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.","authors":"Ayodeji Osunla, Femi Oloye, Adeoye Kayode, Oluwabunmi Femi-Oloye, Ayomide Okiti, Mark Servos, John Giesy","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/3172234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/3172234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The unprecedented outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has dramatically changed the global approach to public health, emphasizing the importance of measures to control and prevent infections. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, stringent hygiene practices and surface disinfection have become the norm, with an unprecedented surge in the use of disinfectants and antiseptics (DAs). <b>Main Text:</b> While these measures have been crucial in curbing the spread of the virus, an emerging concern has taken center stage: the potential impact of the prolonged and widespread use of antimicrobial compounds in these products on the development of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has long been recognized as one of the most pressing global health threats. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride, which are extensively used in DAs formulations, have gained less attention in the context of AMR. <b>Conclusion:</b> A high abundance of QACs was detected in wastewater, and certain bacteria such as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and <i>Enterococcus</i> species developed resistance to these compounds over time. We analyzed the available evidence from the scientific literature, examining the presence and concentrations of QACs in different water sources, and their resistance mechanisms. This review aimed to shed light on the multifaceted challenges that arise from the dual battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing global fight against AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3172234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Multimorbidity in a Low-Resource Setting: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh.","authors":"Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, Luthful Alahi Kawsar, Mohammad Romel Bhuia","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/2909466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/2909466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multimorbidity is a complex and highly prevalent health condition characterised by the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases within an individual. It is a growing public health issue worldwide, predominantly in low-resource countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of multimorbidity among the adult population in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 504 respondents who were 18 years or older. The generalised linear mixed model was used to identify the risk factors. Among the respondents, 65.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.0 to 69.3) had multimorbidity. The most common chronic conditions were allergic disorder (34%, 95% CI: 30 to 39), gastritis (31%, 95% CI: 27 to 35), low back pain (28.4%, 95% CI: 24.6 to 32.5), oral diseases (27%, 95% CI: 23 to 29) and arthritis (21%, 95% CI: 18 to 25). Middle-aged adults (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.97; 95% CI: 3.35 to 18.92) and older adults (AOR = 8.44; 95% CI: 1.90 to 36.64) had significantly higher odds of multimorbidity than young adults. Employed respondents had an 86% (AOR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.36) lower odds of multimorbidity than non-working individuals. Higher sleeping duration (6 to 8 h: AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.80; 8 to 10 h: AOR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.60), regular vegetable consumption (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.80) and adequate water intake (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.79) were protective factors against multimorbidity, whereas obesity increased the odds (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.06 to 10.43). These findings emphasise the need to promote healthy lifestyle habits, such as maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated and engaging in regular physical exercise, to reduce the burden of multimorbidity in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2909466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cockroaches as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Potential Sentinels of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Ugandan Communities: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Steven Kakooza, Paul Ssajjakambwe, Rebecca Nalubega, Betty Namazi, Aisha Nantume, Geoffrey Ssentamu, Esther Nabatta, David Nalumenya, Mariam Wanyana, Damien F N Munyiirwa, Dorcus Namuyinda, Sayaka Tsuchida, Kazunari Ushida, John Baligwamunsi Kaneene","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/5940509","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/5940509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cockroaches could play a role in the transmission dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) at variable interfaces in Ugandan communities, acting as both reservoirs and vectors. This study investigated the burden and diversity of ARB carried by cockroaches in human settlements in Uganda, so as to understand their role in the spread of these pathogens and their potential as sentinels in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programs. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on two unpublished studies by Makerere University students. Study one and study two sampled 58 and 110 cockroaches, respectively, from secondary schools in Kampala. Cockroach species identification was determined based on physical characteristics. Bacterial isolation and characterization were performed through microbiological analyses including standard culture methods, biochemical tests, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), disc diffusion method, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). <b>Results:</b> Majority of the cockroaches (over 80%) were <i>Periplaneta americana.</i> Multidrug resistance (MDR) was prevalent among the isolates, with over 30% of the isolates being resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Specifically, MDR (over 90%) was rampant in the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- or AmpC-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and enterococci isolates. Critical World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogens, such as ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and carbapenem-resistant <i>E. coli</i>, were also identified. The most abundant resistance determinants (tetracycline and sulphonamide) were <i>tetA, sul1,</i> and <i>sul2</i> for <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>tetM</i> and <i>tetL</i> for enterococci. <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings accentuate the potential role of cockroaches: (1) in transmitting multidrug-resistant bacteria at the human-animal-environment interface and (2) as sentinels in the surveillance of community-generated AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5940509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family History of Hypertension and Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Nigerians.","authors":"Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Tina Anya, Victor Tunde Adekanmbi, Dike Ojji","doi":"10.1155/2024/7858899","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7858899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Studies on the relationship between a family history of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy are sparse. We evaluated this relationship in patients with essential hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1668 patients with essential hypertension were consecutively enrolled in the prospective Federal Medical Centre Abuja Hypertension Registry. First-degree family history was defined by the presence of a known history of hypertension in any or both parents, siblings, and children. Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy was diagnosed using the criteria of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of a family history of hypertension, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy were 61.7%, 46.8%, and 30.8%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, paternal history of hypertension [OR: 1.56, CI: 1.20-2.05, <i>p</i>=0.001] was associated with an increased risk of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, while maternal history of hypertension [OR: 0.72, CI 0.58-0.91, <i>p</i>=0.006] was associated with a reduced risk. Age ≥50 years (<i>p</i>=0.026), duration of hypertension ≥1 year (<i>p</i>=0.047), and heart failure (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, while male sex (<i>p</i> < 0.001) was associated with a reduced risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that a paternal history of hypertension is associated with an increased left ventricular hypertrophy risk among patients with essential hypertension, while maternal history is protective.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7858899"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude of Neonatal Sepsis and Factors Associated with It among Neonates Admitted to the Intensive Care Units of Neonate in the Primary Hospital of Hawzen, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2020.","authors":"Fre Gebremeskel, Haftay Gebremedhin, Medhin Mehari","doi":"10.1155/2024/7393056","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7393056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Neonatal sepsis contributes substantially to neonatal mortality and morbidity and is an ongoing major global public health problem particularly in developing countries. A significant proportion of mothers give birth in primary health care, but studies regarding neonatal sepsis and its associated factors among admitted neonates are limited to the hospital which may not be generalized to the primary health care unit. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of neonatal sepsis and associated factors in the study areas.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the magnitude of neonatal sepsis and its associated factors among neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) of Hawzen Primary Hospital, Eastern Zone, Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institution-based cross-sectional study design was carried out among 290 study participants in Hawzen Primary Hospital in January-March/2020. A systematic random sampling method was applied to select the study participants, and pretested and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The collected data were coded, entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Binary logistic regression analyses with a confidence interval of 95% were used to select determinant factors. Statistically significant factors were identified using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). Statistical significance was determined at <i>p</i> value <0.05. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to see the association of the variables at a <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the overall proportion of neonatal sepsis was (60.2%) 95% CI (56, 68)]. Birth asphyxia [AOR = 2.04; 95%CI (1.07, 3.93)], maternal age of 15-19 [AOR = 2.00; 95% CI (1.81, 11.93)], duration of labor greater or equal to 24 hours [AOR = 3.00; 95% CI (2.67, 14.21)], history of oxygen administration [AOR = 2.37; 95% CI (1.18, 4.75)], neonatal age of greater or equal to seven days [AOR = 4.0595% CI (1.07, 3.93<b>)</b>, and home delivery [AOR = 5.00; 95% CI (2.34, 18.92)] were the predictor variables for neonatal sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, neonatal sepsis was high. Birth asphyxia, intranasal oxygen administration, age of the mother, home delivery, and duration of labor were associated with neonatal sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7393056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shisha Consumption and Presence of Cotinine in Saliva Samples among Students in Public Universities in Coastal Kenya.","authors":"Abdulrehman Halima Allahdad, Moses Ngari, Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti, Rahma Udu Yusuf, Sylvia Mutua, Valentine Budambula","doi":"10.1155/2024/5653709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5653709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the well-known adverse health effects of tobacco, shisha use among students in tertiary institutions remains a public health concern. In Kenya, the literature on status of shisha after the 2017 ban is scanty. This study sought to ascertain actual shisha use among university students along the coastal strip.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated confirmed and self-reported shisha use. Using proportionate-to-size and snowball sampling methods, 380 respondents were enrolled from three universities. Sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported history of shisha use were documented using a participant-assisted questionnaire. Actual shisha use was determined qualitatively using 6 panel plus alcohol saliva test kit that detected cotinine use among other selected drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 380 participants, 278 (73%) were males and their median (IQR) age was 22 (20-23) years. This study reports 29% current use based on testing positive for cotinine. Among those who reported current ever use of shisha, 19% tested positive for cotinine, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, being separated (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 2.06 (95% CI: 1.45-2.94)) compared to being single and studying for a degree compared to a diploma (aRR: 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10-1.58)) were associated with cotinine positive. The 4^th year of study (aRR: 1.68 (95% CI: 1.22-2.33)) compared to the 1^st year and reported knowledge of shisha (aRR: 1.84 (95% CI: 1.18-2.87)) were associated with cotinine positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly one-third of university students along the Kenyan coast are active shisha users. Saliva testing for cotinine is a more reliable method of reporting tobacco use. We recommend upscaling of health education, re-enforcement of the current ban on shisha consumption by concerned authorities, and saliva testing for cotinine while assessing current tobacco use.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5653709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11357821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regionalization of the Mortality Risk from Cardiomyopathy and Respiratory Diseases Based on the Maximum Entropy Model.","authors":"Raymundo Ordoñez-Sierra, Gabriela Domínguez-Cortinas, Iván Yassmany Hernández-Paniagua, José Luis Expósito-Castillo, Miguel A Gómez-Albores, María Guadalupe Rodríguez-Reyes, Brisa Violeta Carrasco-Gallegos, Luis Ricardo Manzano-Solís","doi":"10.1155/2024/6103589","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6103589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research presents a time-series study in one of the most polluted regions in Mexico, the southern part of the Mezquital Valley. Three mortality causes related to areas highly contaminated by industrial activities were considered to carry out this model, namely, ischemic cardiomyopathy, mesothelioma, and pneumoconiosis. The pollutant exposure factors used in the maximum entropy modeling were distance to rivers, distance to industries, particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM < 2.5 <i>µ</i>m), and the digital elevation model (DEM). A model that expresses the presence of the disease by areas of exposure to pollutants was also obtained. In addition, the odds ratio was calculated to evaluate the level of association of ischemic cardiomyopathy (OR = 3.37 and 95% CI: 3.05-3.6) and mesothelioma (OR = 4.79 and 95% CI: 3.5-6.08) by areas of exposure. In the case of pneumoconiosis, only cases in the very high exposure category were recorded, so it was not comparable with the remaining areas. It is important to mention that particulate matter in the municipalities of the Mezquital Valley presented values above 20 <i>μ</i>g/m³ and that in accordance with the provisions of the Norma Oficial Mexicana de Salud Ambiental or NOM (translated as Mexican Official Standard for Environmental Health) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and the Disease Registry (ATSDR), high concentrations of particulate matter can have a severe impact on the development of some diseases. In the studied area, ischemic cardiomyopathy and mesothelioma were attributed to pollution in 70.3% and 79.1%, respectively; therefore, pollution mitigation could prevent the occurrence of these two diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6103589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}