Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated With Alcohol Use Disorder Among People Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Rupandehi District, Nepal.","authors":"Chet Kant Bhusal, Sigma Bhattarai, Savyata Panthi, Ashok Chhatkuli, Aishwarya Verma, Ananya Kunwar Chhetri, Anwiti Parajuli, Ayushma Khanal, Jainab Khan, Madhav Basyal, Sagar Panta","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/2790450","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/2790450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a global public health issue, impacting individuals physiologically, socially, and mentally. Limited studies were conducted to explore associated factors in Nepal. This study aims to assess AUD prevalence and associated factors among people attending primary healthcare services in Rupandehi, Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 688 individuals attending primary healthcare facilities of Rupandehi district, Nepal, using multistage probability sampling technique. The study utilized validated AUD identification test (AUDIT) in its Nepali version for screening AUD. To assess relationships between dependent and independent variables, bivariate analysis was initially conducted. Variables that showed significant association with dependent variable having <i>p</i> value < 0.05 were then included in a multivariate logistic regression model to identify final associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of AUD was 30.8% (CI: 27.4-34.4). About 62.8% are in low risk, 26.7% higher risk, 5.1% harmful and hazardous, and 5.4% in alcohol dependence. Respondents aged ≥ 50 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.26, CI: 0.11-0.61), female (AOR = 0.14, CI: 0.07-0.28), non-Hindu (AOR = 0.05, CI: 0.01-0.43), ≥ SLC education (AOR = 0.16, CI: 0.08-0.31) were negatively associated with AUD. Whereas, Newar (AOR = 4.10, CI: 1.00-16.88), rural areas (AOR = 1.57, CI: 1.02-2.42), joint family (AOR = 1.58, CI: 1.05-2.37), daily wages (AOR = 3.57, CI: 1.10-11.56), food sufficiency of 6-9 months (AOR = 1.94, CI: 1.01-3.75), habit of alcohol (AOR = 8.46, CI: 5.28-13.55) friends' history of alcohol (AOR = 2.16, CI: 1.19-3.94) and intimate partners' history of alcohol (AOR = 2.16, CI: 1.30-3.75) were positively associated with AUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nearly one-third of the respondents' experiences AUD, with factors including age, sex, ethnicity, residential status, religion, family type, education, occupation, food sufficiency from own land, personal alcohol habits, and social connections. Hence, this study recommends screening and treatment in primary healthcare, emphasizing government orientation for healthcare workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2790450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Influence of Oral Health on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Narrative Review: Oral Health and Pregnancy Outcomes.","authors":"Muhammad Mohsin Javaid, Samina Naeem Khalid, Shahzad Ali Khan, Hina Nasim, Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi, Shahzad Ahmad, Shazia Iqbal, Muhammad Farooq Umer","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/9304496","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/9304496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral health significantly impacts overall health, with increasing evidence linking poor oral health to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontal disease, a chronic gum condition, is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Systemic inflammation and bacterial translocation are proposed mechanisms connecting periodontal disease to pregnancy complications. Maternal immune responses may be impaired, increasing systemic inflammation, and triggering preterm labor. In addition, oral bacteria may reach the uterus, causing localized inflammation and poor outcomes. Intervention trials show mixed results-some small studies report improved birth outcomes after periodontal treatment, while larger trials show no significant effect. These discrepancies highlight the need for further research on patient subgroups, disease categories, and treatment strategies. Prenatal care should emphasize preventive dental care, including regular checkups, good oral hygiene, and treatment of periodontal disease. Addressing oral health during pregnancy can improve outcomes for both mother and child. Future studies should explore the oral-systemic connection, host susceptibility, and effective interventions for at-risk individuals. Comprehensive oral health care during pregnancy offers the potential to reduce adverse outcomes and promote better maternal and fetal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9304496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrolevel Analysis of Labour Productivity Losses Associated With Breast Cancer Among Women in 47 African Countries.","authors":"Mustapha Immurana, Ibrahim Abdullahi, Kingsford Norshie, Elvis Reindolf Kale, Abdul-Aziz Iddrisu, Irene Honam Tsey, Evelyn Acquah, Maxwell Ayindenaba Dalaba","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/4330365","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/4330365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Breast cancer remains one of the major diseases affecting women in the world. Relative to high-income settings, women in low-income settings such as Africa are less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer and are more likely to die when they are affected by the disease. Apart from the negative health consequences of breast cancer, it could also reduce the labour productivity (LP) of the affected persons, at both the micro- and macrolevels. Nonetheless, empirical evidence on LP effects of breast cancer are scant and mostly focused on the microlevel and, hence, do not provide broader insights into the productivity losses associated with the disease. This study, to the best of our knowledge, therefore, provides the first cross-country macrolevel empirical evidence of the effect of breast cancer (among women) on LP in Africa. <b>Methods:</b> The study uses data on 47 African countries spanning the period 1992-2021. Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with breast cancer in women is used as the baseline measure of breast cancer, while Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and deaths associated with the disease in women are used as robustness measures. The system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regression is used as the main estimation technique, while two other estimators are used for robustness purposes. <b>Results:</b> Our analysis reveals a negative statistically significant association between breast cancer DALYs and LP. Specifically, we find a percentage increase in breast cancer DALYs to be associated with a 0.27% and 0.87% fall in LP in the short- and long-run periods, respectively, at the 1% level of significance. The findings are robust using the other measures of breast cancer and different estimation techniques. <b>Conclusion:</b> There is a need to enhance measures towards breast cancer prevention and control in Africa such as timely diagnosis, all-inclusive management of breast cancer, health promotion geared towards early detection and the creation of dependable referral systems to significantly reduce its associated LP losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4330365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing Interest in Global Health Among Trainees: The Need for Increasing Training Opportunities for Residents and Fellows in Oncology.","authors":"Darya Kizub, Chidinma P Anakwenze, Han Cun, Kathleen M Schmeler, Cameron E Gaskill","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/6095104","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/6095104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Disparities in Global Cancer Care outcomes continue to grow between high- and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Specific competencies are required to provide effective oncologic care in low-resource settings. We assessed trainee interest and participation in global oncology and training activities at a major cancer center to determine support for future global oncology program development. <b>Methods:</b> An online survey was administered to trainees at MD Anderson Cancer Center in November 2020. Questions addressed interest in global health, prior experience, perceptions of mentorship and opportunities, career aspirations, and interest in participation in global oncology training. <b>Results:</b> Survey links were emailed to all trainees (<i>n</i> = 318) enrolled in oncology-related residency and fellowship training programs. Completed surveys were returned by 72 trainees (22.6%) spanning 17 programs. Thirty-three trainees expressed interest in global health, and 8 (24.2%) had previous or ongoing experience specific to global oncology. Seven (21.2%) indicated they had good access to global oncology faculty mentorship, while 26 (78.8%) indicated little to no access to mentorship. Thirty (90%) indicated that they wished to include global oncology activities in their future careers. More than half of the respondents indicated interest in participating in global oncology activities in training, including collaborative research projects with partners abroad, clinical work and education abroad, and global oncology grand rounds and journal clubs. Thirteen (39.4%) were interested in a global health track and 12 (36.4%) requested formalized coursework. <b>Conclusions:</b> We found significant interest in global health among trainees in oncology specialties at MD Anderson. As a result, the institution is implementing the Global Cancer Care Track for all trainees. The track includes a formalized curriculum, mentorship, research, and clinical opportunities to develop future leaders in global oncology with the goal of improving cancer care in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6095104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12276055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Vitamin E Status in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Bangladeshi Population.","authors":"Monjurul Islam Ripon, Kazi Milenur Rahman Prattay, Uttom Kumar, A S M Monjur Al Hossain, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, B M Redwan Matin Zidan, Sreedam Chandra Das","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/9923689","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/9923689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) links to oxidative stress in both its origin and progression. Vitamin E has the potential to be a highly effective therapeutic intervention in fighting against T2DM as it protects cells against oxidative stress. While some interventional studies have explored the effect of vitamin E on T2DM, there is a lack of cross-sectional studies globally, and none to our knowledge on the Bangladeshi population. Consequently, it is worthwhile to investigate the serum vitamin E levels in Bangladeshi T2DM patients. <b>Methods:</b> 94 T2DM patients and 30 healthy subjects were evaluated for their serum vitamin E concentration for a comparative cross-sectional study. Mean serum concentrations were compared between these two groups, as well as among different sex and age groups using independent sample <i>t</i>-test and one-way ANOVA, as appropriate. <b>Results:</b> The serum vitamin E concentration was significantly lower in T2DM patients (mean ± standard deviation: 8.97 ± 2.99 μg/mL) than in healthy subjects (13.13 ± 2.70 μg/mL), <i>p</i> < 0.001. Additionally, male T2DM patients had significantly higher serum vitamin E levels compared to those in female patients (9.73 ± 3.02 μg/mL in males vs. 7.74 ± 2.53 μg/mL in females; <i>p</i>=0.001). The study showed a significant fall in serum vitamin E concentration with increasing age in T2DM patients (≤ 30 years: 12.7 ± 1.05 μg/mL vs. 31-50 years: 11.06 ± 2.65 μg/mL vs. 51-70 years: 8 ± 2.04 μg/mL vs. 71-90 years: 6.05 ± 0.78 μg/mL; <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings suggest that lower serum vitamin E levels are significantly associated with T2DM, particularly among female and older patients, highlighting the potential relevance of antioxidant status in T2DM management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9923689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multilevel Analysis of the Association Between Quality of Antenatal Care and Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy Among Guatemalan Women.","authors":"Sueny P Lima Dos Santos, Raegan Yuncker, Ilana R A Chertok, Zelalem T Haile","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/4427791","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/4427791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is essential for preventing neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. Despite global recommendations, supplementation remains suboptimal in many low- and middle-income countries, including Guatemala, where disparities persist across regions and populations. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the association between the quality of antenatal care and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Guatemala. <b>Design and Setting:</b> This cross-sectional study used data from the 2014-2015 Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil (ENSMI), part of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). A total of 9523 women aged 15-49 with children under two years were included. Folic acid supplementation was assessed through self-reported responses to survey questions. Multilevel logistic regression examined the association between antenatal care quality and folic acid supplementation, accounting for individual, household, and community-level factors. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 15.4% of women reported not taking folic acid during pregnancy. Lower folic acid supplementation was most notable among women who received no or inadequate antenatal care, indigenous women, and those living in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. Women without antenatal care had 97% lower odds of folic acid supplementation compared with those with adequate care (OR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02-0.04, and <i>p</i> < 0.001), while intermediate care was associated with 41% lower odds (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.47-0.74, and <i>p</i> < 0.001). Indigenous women had 26% lower odds of supplementation (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63-0.86, and <i>p</i> < 0.001), and women in communities with high levels of no media exposure had 33% lower odds of folic acid supplementation (OR = 0.67 and 95% CI: 0.53-0.84). <b>Conclusions:</b> Quality antenatal care plays a critical role in improving maternal nutrition behaviors. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as culturally tailored education, mass media campaigns, and improved access to antenatal careto increase folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Guatemala.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4427791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Oral Cancer Epidemiology in Pakistan: Insights From a Case-Control Study.","authors":"Arifa Shabir, Sara Kazmi, Muhammad Usman Rashid, Iqra Mubeen, Arif Jamshed, Syed Raza Hussain, Naila Malkani","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/9982580","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/9982580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Oral cancer (OC) poses a growing health concern in Pakistan, emerging as the second-most diagnosed cancer in the country. The escalating incidence and mortality rates of OC place considerable strain on the health system. This study aims to delineate the factors contributing to the elevated incidence of OC in Pakistan. <b>Methods:</b> A hospital-based case-control study involving 688 participants above 18 years old was conducted. Participants were evaluated for reported OC risk factors. <b>Results:</b> Findings indicate a heightened susceptibility among men (71.5%) to develop OC in Pakistan. Factors contributing to OC include advancing age (AOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.13-1.18, <i>p</i>=0.001), low SES (61.4%), and limited education. Significant risk was associated with chewing tobacco (niswar) AOR 6.83, 95% CI 2.67-17.45, <i>p</i>=0.001), areca nut (AOR 4.99, 95% CI 1.51-16.45, <i>p</i>=0.001), and pan (AOR 7.90, 95% C1 3.19-19.59, <i>p</i>=0.001). Parental consanguinity increased OC incidence (AOR 4.72, 95% CI 1.12-4.14, <i>p</i>=0.02). Physical activity had no association with OC (AOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.75, <i>p</i>=0.004). Excessive sunlight exposure appeared to be associated with OC (AOR 0.15; 95% CI: 0.08-0.28, <i>p</i>-value: 0.001). At the same time, cigarette smoking and alcohol are not significant factors for the development of OC in Pakistan. <b>Conclusion:</b> The study underscores the elevated prevalence of OC among Pakistani men, attributable in part to lower literacy rates and inadequate access to healthcare facilities. The implementation of targeted prevention strategies informed by these epidemiological insights is essential for mitigating the burden of OC in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9982580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholera Outbreak in Nigeria: History, Review of Socioeconomic and Meteorological Drivers, Diagnostic Challenges, and Artificial Intelligence Integration.","authors":"Adewunmi Akingbola, Adegbesan Abiodun, Olajide Ojo, Otumara Urowoli Jessica, Uthman Hassan Alao, Abdullah Omolayo Owolabi, Joel Chuku","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/8898076","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/8898076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholera continues to pose a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, driven by socioeconomic disparities, poor sanitation, and environmental factors such as recurrent flooding. This narrative review examines cholera outbreaks in Nigeria, exploring epidemiological trends, socioeconomic and meteorological drivers, and advancements in diagnostic technologies. Emphasis is placed on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming cholera management through predictive modeling, early detection, and resource optimization. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), molecular diagnostics, and biosensors are highlighted as tools for enhancing surveillance and improving outbreak response. Despite these advancements, Nigeria faces significant challenges, including inadequate laboratory infrastructure, insufficient environmental monitoring, and limited access to diagnostic tools in rural areas. Recommendations include strengthening diagnostic capacity, integrating AI-driven tools, and implementing proactive environmental surveillance. The manuscript underscores the importance of coordinated efforts among federal and state health agencies, international partners, and local communities to address the persistent cholera burden. By leveraging these strategies, Nigeria can improve its outbreak preparedness and mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with cholera. This review provides actionable insights for public health interventions and policy-making, offering a forward-looking perspective on combating cholera through innovation and collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8898076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Evolution and Epidemiological Impact of Ongoing Clade Ib MPox Disease: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Adewunmi Akingbola, Adegbesan Abiodun, Courage Idahor, Favour Peters, Olajide Ojo, Otumara Urowoli Jessica, Uthman Hassan Alao, Olajumoke Adewole, Abdullahi Owolabi, Joel Chuku","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/8845911","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ghe3/8845911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clade 1b of the MPox virus has emerged as a highly virulent strain, causing significant public health challenges globally. Initially endemic to Central Africa, this strain has spread to nonendemic regions, including Europe, Asia, and the Americas. With its high transmission rate and severe outcomes, especially among vulnerable populations like children, Clade 1b has raised global concerns. The Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has declared it a public health emergency of international concern. Clade 1b MPox shows a higher case fatality rate and increased transmissibility compared to other strains. It has moved beyond traditional zoonotic transmission to widespread human-to-human transmission. The variant's spread to countries such as Sweden and Thailand demonstrates its global reach. Public health efforts, including cross-border coordination, rapid response teams, and awareness campaigns, have been essential in containing the outbreaks. However, barriers such as limited resources, vaccine shortages, and logistical challenges in conflict-affected areas have hindered effective control, particularly in low-resource regions. The spread and severity of Clade 1b MPox highlight the need for global cooperation to strengthen surveillance, improve diagnostic capabilities, and expand healthcare infrastructure in affected areas. Enhancing access to vaccines and treatments, along with educating the public on preventive measures, will be key to controlling transmission. Ongoing research and monitoring are essential to mitigate future outbreaks and minimize the virus's global impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8845911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Significant Mutations in Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and the Discovery of Potent Inhibitors.","authors":"Mohsen Almakrami, Mohammed Bazuqamah, Mohammed A Alshehri, Abdulaziz M S Alqahtani, Sultan F Kadasah, Naif Harthi, Rami Ali Alyami, Abdulmajeed Alqurashi, Abdulhadi A Al Ruwaithi","doi":"10.1155/ghe3/5042190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ghe3/5042190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that has a propensity for infecting epithelial cells and the respiratory system. The two important proteins, structural and nonstructural proteins, make the architecture of this virus. <b>Aim:</b> This research aimed at studying significant mutations in spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) and finding shared mutations among omicron and other four variants (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta). The purpose of this study was to draw structural comparisons between wild type and mutant proteins, followed by identifying potent inhibitors (ligand) that could be used against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its latest omicron VoC. <b>Methodology:</b> In this research, we had studied 16 major mutations as well as shared mutations (6) present in spike region of SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, we determined the structure of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 protein from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with the ID 7R4I. Furthermore, the structure of the mutant protein of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant was modeled in SWISS-MODEL. The ligand dataset for spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was also collected from literature and different databases. Both wild type and mutant proteins were docked with ligand database in Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). The docking analysis was performed, and two best ligand molecules, AZ_2 and AZ_13, were finalized based on their energy values, interactions, and docking scores to be used against our wild and mutant proteins. <b>Results:</b> AZ_2 demonstrated a docking score of -6.1753 in MOE, with energy values of -4.3889 and -6.1753. It formed key hydrogen bond interactions. AZ_13 showed a docking score of -5.9, with energy values of -9.3 and -5.9, forming hydrogen donor and acceptor interactions with Asp950 (3.06 Å), Ile312 (3.13 Å), and Glu309 (3.27 Å). These interactions suggest strong binding affinity and potential efficacy. Thus, present research work emphasized on identification of significant mutations and finding a potent target-based drug against SARS-CoV-2 and its omicron variant. <b>Outcomes:</b> Based on this computational analysis performed, it is suggested that proposed compound can be used as remedy against SARS-CoV-2 and its omicron variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":44052,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Epidemiology and Genomics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5042190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}