Galen Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Women Presenting with Pre-eclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Observational Studies.","authors":"Arqavan Eslamzadeh, Seyyed Mohammad Amin Kashani, Nasrin Asadi, Sina Bazmi, Shahla Rezaei, Zeinab Karimimoghadam, Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, Reza Tabrizi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3151","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple studies have investigated the serum concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in preeclampsia, but the results have been contradictory. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels in patients with preeclampsia and those in the healthy pregnancies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in various online databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane library to identify relevant studies on Ca and Mg levels in preeclampsia up to July 2023. Inter-study heterogeneity across the included studies was assessed using the chi-square test and I2 statistic. Pooled effect size (ES) was calculated as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 76 articles (comprising 92 studies) were included, with a combined sample size of 10,482 participants (preeclampsia: n=3,991; controls: n=6,491). The random-effects model revealed significantly lower levels of calcium (WMD=-0.807 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.983, -0.632, P0.01) and magnesium (WMD=-0.215, 95% CI: -0.338, -0.092, P0.01) in women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control group. However, the overall pooled WMD for calcium and magnesium levels did not significantly change when individual studies were excluded one by one.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis demonstrates that the circulating levels of calcium and magnesium in patients with preeclampsia are significantly lower than those in the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Mindfulness Interventions on the Sleep Quality of Pregnant Mothers in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy","authors":"Razieh Shamabadi, Mahboubeh Eslamzadeh, Elnaz Eskandarnia, Negar Asgharipour","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2750","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep disorder is a common problem during pregnancy and a large percentage of pregnant women (especially in the third trimester of pregnancy) experience changes in their natural sleep pattern. Considering the fact that sleep disorder can cause many complications before, during and after childbirth, it is necessary to achieve good sleep quality during pregnancy. Therefore, the present research investigated the effect of mindfulness interventions on the quality of sleep among pregnant mothers in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The present randomized clinical trial study used pre-education-post-education design in Sabzevar Health Center from 2019 to 2020 on all pregnant women referred for receiving prenatal care. A sample of 98 women who met the inclusion criteria were divided into intervention (n=50) and control groups (n=48). The sleep quality and depression anxiety and stress -21 (DASS-21) questionnaires, were completed by two groups at pre-test, post-test, and one month after the educational intervention. The intervention group received 6 sessions (1 hour and 30 minutes) of mindfulness lessons during 2 months, while the control group received routine pregnancy care and a mindfulness session was performed after completion of the post-education. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and descriptive and repeated measures analysis were used. Results: Mindfulness interventions were effective in changing the sleep quality of pregnant mothers (P<0.05). Also, the mean scores of anxiety, stress and depression questionnaires of pregnant mothers, as confounding variables on sleep quality, was significantly changed during different stages of the study (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mindfulness training significantly increased the sleep quality of pregnant mothers. Therefore, mindfulness interventions can be used as effective interventions in improving psychological wellbeing during pregnancy and also reducing the anxiety and stress of pregnant women. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Effectiveness and Safety of Giving Fentanyl or Ketamine Intranasally during Phacoemulsification Surgery","authors":"H. Shetabi, Alireza Peyman, Farzan Piudeh","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2921","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Phacoemulsification is the main method of cataract surgery in developed countries. Due to the importance of appropriate analgesia and the immobility of the participants throughout the procedure, the study aimed to assess the impact of intranasal ketamine vs. intranasal fentanyl on the quality of sedation and analgesia in phacoemulsification surgery. Materials and Methods: This double-blinded study was carried out on participants who underwent cataract surgery in Faiz Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of 40 receiving ketamine at a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg intranasally (Intranasal Ketamine (INK) group) or fentanyl at 1.5 μg/kg nasally (Intranasal Fentanyl (INF) group). The drugs were administered through the nasal passage 15 minutes before the operation. The primary outcomes were a difference in the quality of sedation and pain relief between groups during the procedure and recovery unit. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular parameters, side effects, the need for sedative rescues, and changes in vital signs. Results:During the study, 25 patients (62.5%) in the INK cohort and 19 patients (47.5%) in the INF cohort had no pain. In the INK group, 22 (55%) and in the INF group 20 (50.0%) patients achieved optimal sedation (Ramsay sedation score 4). There was no discernible disparity observed between the two cohorts in terms of the quality of sedation (P=0.071), receipt of rescue dosage of propofol (P=0.601), hemodynamic parameters (P>0.05), and side effects during treatment Operation (P=0.542) and in recovery (P=0.104), patient (P=0.098) and surgeon (P=0.120) satisfaction, operative time (P=0.082), and duration of stay in recovery (P=0.110). Conclusion: Although INK was more effective than INF in reducing pain and achieving optimal sedation in cataract surgery, it was not significantly superior to INF.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"28 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin Aattenuates the Expression of Metalloprotease (AHA_0978) and Serine Protease (AHA_3857) Genes in Aeromonas Hydrophila","authors":"Mahdieh SobhZadehi, Hojjatollah Zamani, M. YektaKooshali","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3038","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for various infections in humans and animals. Bacterial exoproteases are considered an important determinant in the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila. Serine protease and metalloprotease, that are regulated by the bacterial Quorum sensing (QS) system are important virulent factors in the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila. Anti-QS potential of curcumin has been reported, previously. In this work, we characterized the effect of curcumin on the expression of the metalloprotease and serine protease genes in A. hydrophila. Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of curcumin was measured by the agar macro-dilution method and a sub-inhibitory concentration (1/2 MIC) was used in subsequent experiments. The expression level of the metalloprotease and serine protease genes among the treated and control bacteria was evaluated using quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. Bacterial proteolytic activity was also measured by skim milk agar plate assay. Results: MIC of curcumin for bacterial strain was 1024 μg/ml curcumin, and at 512 µg/mL (1/2 MIC) it remarkably attenuated the expression of the metalloprotease and serine protease genes up to 66 and 77%, respectively. Also, the proteolytic activity of A. hydrophila was considerably reduced by curcumin. Conclusion: Due to the promising inhibitory effect on bacterial proteolysis, curcumin could be considered an anti-virulence agent against A. hydrophila.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"342 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation Between Temperament and Fitness for Work According to the Persian Medicine Viewpoints.","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Mazhari, Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani, Mehrdad Karimi, Saber Mohammadi, Mohammad Hossein Ayati","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2934","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working is an inseparable part of a human being's life, every person must have a job to earn a living. However, working comes at a physical and mental cost not only to the working person but also to his/her co-workers and employers, and could also affect the environment. Therefore, each potential employee must be assessed to see if they are suitable for the job and vice versa. In occupational medicine, fitness for work is now determined by clinical and paraclinical testing, which is seen as a useful procedure, yet illnesses and accidents still happen at work. This procedure could be facilitated and enhanced by a more all-encompassing strategy, such as the temperamental theory in Persian medicine. Through temperamental theory, each person is assessed based on specific signs and symptoms according to the qualities of hotness-coldness, and wetness-dryness which can provide extra insights into an employee's capabilities. This study aims to provide specific characteristics of each temperament, and their relationship with personal traits that could affect job performance, as well as job suggestions for each temperament through an extensive review of Persian medicine books and matching them with the current occupational medicine resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor and Ameloblastoma: A Report of an Extremely Rare Condition","authors":"Mohammad Saleh Ekrampoor, Hossein Daneste, Mohammad Amin Amiri","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3144","url":null,"abstract":"Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) and ameloblastoma are types of odontogenic tumors accounting for 1%, and 10% of all the odontogenic tumors. While sharing same odontogenic origin, these tumors are found to exhibit distinct clinicopathological features. In the present study, we present the third hybrid CEOT/Ameloblastoma tumor ever reported. The current CEOT/Amelobastoma is occurred after a previously operated CEOT in the same area. The patient was refered with distict clinical features of swelling and paresthesia. In the radiographic examination, a unilocular lesion with mixed internal structure and ambiguous periphery was seen which exhibited buccal and lingual cortical expansion, thining, and perforation as well as inferior alveolar canal perforation. The histopathology results suggested a CEOT/Ameloblastoma lesion. After the tumor removal, the patient was set up for further follow-ups and maxillofacial prosthesis.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"4 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Lactobacillus Probiotic Bacterium and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity Against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line","authors":"Mohadeese Pourhaji, Farid Abbasi, Aliyeh Sehatpour, Ronak Bakhtiari","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.2905","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The applications of nanotechnology have greatly increased in the recent years. Nanotechnology can be used for diagnosis and treatment of many conditions in medicine and dentistry. The aim of this paper is assessment the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AGNPs) synthesized employing Lactobacillus acidophilus against human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, AgNPs were biologically synthesized by using L. acidophilus, and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-V) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test was performed to assess the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs in 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL concentrations within 24 hours. Results: Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by visual perception of dark brown color variation (from achromatic) and maximum UV-V absorption at 428 nm. TEM and SEM indicated the spherical form of AgNPs with a median size of 397 nm. FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of functional groups from the cells involved in the reduction process. The MTT assay indicated that the biosynthesized nanoparticles made a decrease of cell livability in a concentration dependent method. Conclusion: AgNPs produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus have the potential to inhibit OSCC cell line.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"25 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Thymoquinone Loaded in Alginate Scaffold on Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Mandible Defect","authors":"Ehsan Aliabadi, Mohammad Mehdi Farahmand, T. Talaei-Khozani, Sheila Shahsavari-pour","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thymoquinone (TQ) has some beneficial roles in bone repair. Local administration of the drugs by loading them into a scaffold leads to releasing higher concentrations of a drug in the appropriate position. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the local administration of TQ loaded in an alginate scaffold on bone regeneration in rabbit mandibular defect. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male rabbits with mandible defect were divided into 3 groups that received either alginate containing 50µM TQ, alginate or remained untreated. Then each group was subdivided into 2 groups that followed for 4 and 8 weeks (n=5). The radiological opacity, histopathology, and histomorphometrical analysis were done and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey. Results: Radiological examination indicated that the presence of TQ had no significant effect on the turbidity of the images (P=0.595). TQ treatment significantly increased the bone area after 4 (P=0.011, P=0.0021, respectively) and 8 weeks (8w P=0.019, P<0.001, respectively) compared to alginate-treated and control defects. TQ also elevated the number of osteocytes (4wP<0.001, P=0.001 and 8w P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively) and osteoblasts (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively) compared to the group receiving alginate and control. However, at 8 weeks, the number of osteoblasts was statistically similar in all the groups. In this week, although the average number of osteoblasts in the defects treated with TQ was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.01), it was similar to the group that received alginate. Conclusion: It seems that alginate containing TQ has positive effects on bone healing. TQ can be suggested as a good additive to improve bone healing and accelerate bone repair.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis Diseases: Role of Radiomics In Neuro-Oncology","authors":"Mohammad Rahimi, Parsa Rahimi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3158","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming various aspects of healthcare, including the field of diagnostics and treatment of diseases. This review article aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of AI, especially, radiomics in the diagnosis of neuro-oncology diseases. Indeed, it is a multidimensional task that requires the integration of clinical assessment, neuroimaging techniques, and emerging technologies like AI and radiomics. The advancements in these fields have the potential to revolutionize the accuracy, efficiency, and personalized approach to diagnosing neuro-oncology diseases, leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced overall neurologic care. However, AI has some limitations, and ethical challenges should be addressed via future research.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"10 s4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schizophrenia Etiological Factors and Their Correlation with the Imbalance of the Immune System: An Update","authors":"Noushin Lotfi, N. Rezaei, Elham Rastgoo, Babak Khodadoustan Shahraki, Ghazaleh Zahedi, Morteza Jafarinia","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3109","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with a dysregulation of the immune system. Immune-related genes and environmental factors including stress, food, infections, and microbiota, alter the immune system’s homeostasis and play a role in SZ pathogenesis. The most distinctive feature in the pathophysiology of the disease is a shift in the T helper 1(Th1)/Th2 balance toward Th2 dominance in the immune system. Also, microglial and Th17 cell activation cause inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Antibodies play a role in the pathophysiology of SZ and give more evidence of a link between humoral immune reactivity and the disease. Accordingly, an imbalance in cytokine activities and neuroinflammation has been considered the main contributor to the pathogenesis of the SZ. Overall, the deregulation of the immune system caused by genetic, environmental, and neurochemical effects may all play a role in the etiology of SZ. This review summarized the etiological factors for SZ and discussed the role of immune responses and their interaction with genetic and environmental factors in SZ pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}