Galen Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Intersection of Diabetes and Musculoskeletal Health : Diabetes and Musculoskeletal Health.","authors":"Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi, Khatere Mokhtari, Pouria Tabrizian","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes presents a significant health challenge worldwide, with profound implications extending beyond glycemic control to impact various bodily systems. This review explores the intricate relationship between diabetes and musculoskeletal disorders, shedding light on their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. Individuals with diabetes face a heightened risk of developing musculoskeletal conditions, particularly tendon disorders such as adhesive capsulitis rozen shoulder, rotator cuff tears, muscle atrophy, osteoarthritis and diabetic hand syndrome. Mechanisms underlying these disorders include inflammation, glycation, and impaired tendon homeostasis, exacerbated by factors like insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Furthermore, diabetes poses challenges in orthopedic surgery, leading to increased rates of surgical complications and poorer outcomes. Understanding the interplay between diabetes and musculoskeletal health is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at optimizing patient care and outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scoliosis as a Paradigm of Pathological Spinal Curvature: Molecular Mechanisms and Imaging Innovations : Molecular and Imaging Insights in Scoliosis.","authors":"Alireza Ghanbari, Tohid Emami Meybodi, Bahare Nezhadmohammad Namaghi, Tohid Khalili Bisafar, Majid Jahanshahi, Karo Khosravi, Khatere Mokhtari, Babak Roshanravan","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathological spinal curvature encompasses a broad spectrum of deformities that arise from a complex interplay of genetic, molecular, and biomechanical factors. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular underpinnings of spinal deformities, with a focus on the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs, aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, inflammatory cytokine imbalances, and epigenetic modifications. In parallel, the article provides a detailed overview of both conventional and emerging imaging techniques used in the clinical assessment of spinal curvature. Traditional radiographic methods, such as Cobb angle measurement and Ferguson's method, are critically compared with advanced modalities-including surface topography, ultrasound imaging, and computer-aided 3D reconstructions-that promise enhanced diagnostic accuracy while minimizing radiation exposure. By bridging molecular insights with clinical imaging advancements, this review underscores the importance of an integrated diagnostic approach for early detection and effective management of scoliosis and related spinal deformities. The convergence of these disciplines not only enriches our understanding of the pathogenesis of spinal curvature but also lays the foundation for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing for Elective Cesarean Deliveries: Insights from a Comparative Study at 38- or 39-Weeks Gestation : Elective Cesarean Delivery at 38 vs 39 Weeks.","authors":"Shaghayegh Moradi Alamdarloo, Fariba Hoseini, Atefe Hashemi, Homeira Vafaei, Maryam Zolghadr, Hamide Barzegar","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: The optimal timing for elective cesarean deliveries remains a subject of debate, with concerns regarding consequences for mother and child at different gestational ages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was done in 2022 at hospitals associated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Singleton pregnant women whose pregnancies were terminated at 38(38+0 to 38+6) or 39 (39+0 to 39+6) weeks gestation were enrolled. Data on demographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and complications were collected from hospital records. The maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups using SPSS version 21. T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Among 1812 cesarean deliveries, 1274 (70.3%) were performed at 38 weeks gestational age and 538 (29.7%) at 39 weeks gestational age. Maternal complications, including infection at the surgical site (1.6% vs 0.4%, P=0.03) and uterine rupture( 0.6% vs 0, P=0.04), were more prevalent in the 38-week group. Growth indices were higher in neonates born at 39 weeks (length 49.55±2.36 vs 48.71±2.05 cm P=0.001 & weight 3.57±0.67 vs 3.37±0.59 kg P=0.001). No significant differences were observed in other maternal or neonatal complications between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: Deliveries at 38 weeks were associated with a higher rate of maternal complications, possibly due to their emergent nature. However, there were no significant differences in most maternal and neonatal outcomes. Elective cesarean at 38 weeks may still be reasonable to avoid emergency operations and their risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Futurology of the Situation of Public Hospitals in Iran Until 2032 : Futurology of the Situation of Public Hospitals in Iran until 2032.","authors":"Golsa Danesh, Somayeh Hessam, Shaghayegh Vahdat, Soad Mahfoozpour","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: The changes in the role of hospitals in the future require planning for the changes in the structure of hospitals. This study aimed to explore the state of public hospitals in Iran by 2032.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: The participants were 20 hospital management and healthcare experts selected using purposive sampling. Structural interaction analysis and MICMAC software were used for data processing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The findings indicated the growing budgetary constraints in the health sector due to the increasing economic and health burden of non-communicable diseases and emerging diseases caused by environmental changes, the structure of the purchase of drugs, consumables, and medical equipment, the share of the health sector in the national public budget, providing access to capital/loans for the development of hospital activities by the government, the cost-effectiveness ratio of each service, the overcharged tariff set for hospital services, and public health insurance and a shift from employer-based insurance coverage to government-oriented insurance coverage are the key drivers affecting the state of public hospitals in Iran.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: The identified factors play a vital role in the state of public hospitals in Iran. This can be useful for policymakers and hospital managers to recognize the future developments of hospitals and healthcare centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban, Heparin, and Enoxaparin in Preventing Thrombosis in Gynaecologic Oncology Surgeries : Thromboprophylaxis in Gyn-oncology Surgery.","authors":"Elham Saffarieh, Shaghayegh Pazoki, Setare Nassiri","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent and potentially serious complication following gynecologic oncology surgeries. Anticoagulants such as heparin, enoxaparin, and rivaroxaban are commonly used for thromboprophylaxis; however, their comparative efficacy and safety remain uncertain in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: This pilot randomized controlled trial included 85 patients undergoing gynecologic oncology surgery, randomly assigned to receive enoxaparin (n=25), heparin (n=30), or rivaroxaban (n=30). Randomization was performed using block randomization (block size=3) with allocation concealment and double blinding of patients and outcome assessors. The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20151020024625N19) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Semnan University of Medical Sciences (IR.SEMUMS.REC.1402.223). Baseline data included age, BMI, cancer type, surgical procedure, and history of vascular events. Outcomes comprised transfusion requirement, dyspnea, chest pain, peripheral edema, lower limb pain, bleeding, infection, hematoma, recovery, and mortality. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: Fourteen patients (16.5%) required intraoperative transfusion, with a significantly higher rate in the rivaroxaban group (33.3%) compared to enoxaparin (8.0%) and heparin (6.7%) (P=0.010). Peripheral edema was also more common with rivaroxaban (16.7%) than with heparin (3.3%) or enoxaparin (0%) (P=0.046). Other outcomes showed no significant between-group differences (all P0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusions: Rivaroxaban use was linked to increased intraoperative transfusion and short-term edema compared to heparin and enoxaparin. Larger multicenter trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary safety and efficacy findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Characteristics and D2 Lymph Node Involvement in Gastric Cancer: A Clinicopathological Analysis (2018-2023) :.","authors":"Vahid Zangouri, Omid Akbari Alateimouri, Hamid Zaferani Arani, AmirAli Ghahramani","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with lymph node involvement, particularly at the level 2 lymph node dissection (D2), serving as a critical determinant of prognosis and surgical strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between primary tumor characteristics and D2 lymph node involvement and examine these factors' impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing curative gastrectomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 233 patients with histologically confirmed gastric cancer who underwent curative-intent surgery at Namazi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) between April 2018 and March 2023. Clinicopathological variables, including tumor size, location, grade, and histologic type, were assessed with D2 lymph node involvement. Survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan- Meier estimates and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to identify independent nodal involvement and survival predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>D2 lymphadenectomy in 38.1% of patients indicated no significant associations between D2 involvement and tumor grade (P=0.443), size (P=0.215), or location (P=0.522). However, D2 lymph node metastasis was associated with a significantly descending mean of overall survival (25.43 ± 3.36 months) compared to patients without D2 involvement (43.06 ± 2.59 months; P0.001). Tumor stage and size were strong predictors of survival, with Stage 3C patients revealing a median overall survival of 13.45 months and tumors 3 cm being associated with superior outcomes (P=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>D2 lymph node involvement reflects progressive disease biology and is an assertive prognostic marker in gastric adenocarcinoma. While tumor grade, size, and location were not independently predictive of D2 metastasis, tumor stage and nodal status were strongly associated with survival. These results reinforce the use of extended lymphadenectomy in selected patients and underscore the requirement for individualized surgical planning based on total tumor profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12877330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Gallstone and Polymorphisms of ABCB11 Gene among the Adult Patients in Iran: A Case Control Study : Gallstone and ABCB11 Gene.","authors":"Sedigheh Yektamoghaddam, Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard, Vajiheh Zrrinpour, Mojtaba Fathi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.4066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.4066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and dietary factors. The ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11) gene, encoding the bile salt export pump (BSEP), plays a critical role in bile acid transport. Polymorphisms in ABCB11 have been implicated in gallstone pathogenesis, yet evidence from Middle Eastern populations, particularly Iran, remains limited. Our study seeks to address these knowledge gaps by evaluating the association between rs2287622 and hepatic function markers in a distinct population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Materials and Methods: This investigation, conducted in a medical facility with matched participants, involved 100 individuals diagnosed with GSD and 100 comparable healthy volunteers matched by age and gender. We used a targeted PCR method (ARMS-PCR) for variant detection. Laboratory tests evaluated blood fats and hepatic indicators. We applied logistic regression modeling to explore the connection between rs2287622 and GSD, controlling for influencing variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results: The mean age of cases was significantly higher than controls (56.74 ± 16.25 vs. 43.07 ± 14.68 years, P0.001). Cases exhibited elevated serum levels of SGOT (P=0.021), SGPT (P=0.016), ALP (P=0.001), and direct bilirubin (P0.001). No significant differences were observed in allele frequencies (P=0.78) or genotype distributions (P=0.24) of ABCB11 polymorphisms between groups. TT was the most prevalent genotype, with no significant associations found between genotype and clinical parameters or GSD risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: This study found no significant association between ABCB11 polymorphisms and GSD among Iranian adults. Future research with larger samples and functional analyses is recommended to clarify the genetic determinants of GSD in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e4066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Angiomyoblastoma in a Young Lady in Saudi Arabia: A Case Report : Angiomyoblastoma in a Young pLady in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Roua Shoub Gbril Ali, Ghadeer Adel Mosfer Alghamdi, Raad Hadi Madkhali, Abdulaziz Saleh Alobaid, Zarqa Saleem","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Background: Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is a rare, benign soft tissue tumor that belongs to the mesenchymal tumor category and affects the female genital tract. Aggressive angiomyxoma, a distinct stroma myxoedematous mesenchymal tumor with a significant risk of local recurrences, must be histomorphologically distinguished from AMFB. Radiography and histopathology are used for accurate diagnosis. The treatment depended on the complete surgical excision.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Case Presentation: Herein, we presented a case of a 36-year-old female (P3+0) presented with a left vaginal mass noted two years prior. The radiology report suggested angiomyxoma or myxoid liposarcoma as possible differentials. Surgical resection revealed a benign genital stromal tumor, specifically angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB). After complete surgical excision, the immunohistochemical analysis supported the diagnosis of angiomyofibroblastoma. Two months postoperatively, an MRI Post-resection images show complete resection with no feasible scar, residual tumour, or recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: Our case is rare AMFB. AMFB may be missed when diagnosed with other masses, such as angiomyxoma or myxoid liposarcoma, so we need to do the necessary tests to diagnose and differentiate AMFB accurately from other masses. Ultrasound and MRI are initial diagnostic tools, while histopathology ensures the correct diagnosis. Surgical removal with free margins remains the appropriate treatment. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for potential recurrence, though AMFB typically carries an excellent prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12624247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of IFN-γ and TGF-β in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Sinusitis :.","authors":"Amer Salih Khalaf, Ammar Mohammed Alwan, Amer Saleem Khalaf","doi":"10.31661/gmj.vi.3948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.vi.3948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β in the pathophysiology of chronic sinusitis among Iraqi patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted in Salah-Al-Din Governorate from March to July 2024. We enrolled 60 clinically diagnosed chronic sinusitis patients from Tikrit Teaching Hospital and 30 healthy controls. Serum levels of IFN-γ and TGF-β were measured using sandwich ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient cohort (55% male) showed highest prevalence in age groups 20 (37%), 21-30 (25%), and 31-40 years (23%). The most frequent symptoms were nasal obstruction (98%), nasal discharge (95%), and reduced smell sensation (90%). IFN-γ and TGF-β levels were significantly elevated in patients (16.45±7.01 pg/mL and 32.27±11.38 ng/mL, respectively) compared to controls (6.95±2.34 pg/mL and 22.18±7.66 ng/mL; P0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated IFN-γ›s stronger association with disease status (AUC 0.83) than TGF-β (AUC 0.68). A weak positive correlation was observed between the cytokines (r=0.277, P0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest IFN-γ and TGF-β play significant roles in the inflammatory processes of chronic sinusitis, particularly among younger patients. While both cytokines were elevated in patients, IFN-γ showed greater discriminatory potential. These results contribute to understanding the immunopathological mechanisms underlying chronic sinusitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12877328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Association between Sjögren Syndrome and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis : Sjögren Syndrome and Thyroid Cancer Risk.","authors":"Mansour Salesi, Shadi Botshekan","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v14i.3753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sjögren's syndrome affects the skin, joints, lungs, kidneys, liver, and thyroid. This research was aimed to assess the association of Sjögren's syndrome with the thyroid carcinoma risk.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study was used a systematic review and meta-analysis method. This study searched the databases ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and the search engine Google Scholar until July 7, 2024. The level of significance was considered as P0.05, and all data analyses were done in STATA 14 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A review of 11 studies revealed that Sjögren's syndrome increased the thyroid carcinoma risk in all patients (OR: 2.08, (95%CI: 1.47, 2.94)), in patients aged 40 to 49 years (OR: 1.43, (95%CI: 1.23, 1.67)), 50 to 59 years (OR: 4.65, (95%CI: 1.87, 11.58)), 60 to 69 years (OR: 1.34, (95%CI: 1.08, 1.66)) and in women ((OR:1.83, (95%CI: 1.35, 2.48). However, there was no significant association between Sjögren's syndrome and thyroid carcinoma risk in men ((OR: 1.49, (95%CI: 0.95, 2.34). Moreover, patients with Sjögren's syndrome who had a follow-up period of = 5 years ((OR: 1.68, (95%CI: 1.10, 2.54) and patients with a follow-up period of 5 years ((OR: 5.77, (95%CI: 1.97, 16.97) were at risk of thyroid cancer. Moreover, the thyroid carcinoma risk was in Europe ((OR: 3.26, (95%CI: 1.24, 8.56) and in Asia ((OR: 1.87, (95%CI: 1.27, 2.74). Primary Sjögren's syndrome also significantly increased the thyroid carcinoma risk ((OR: 2.37, (95%CI: 1.44, 3.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sjögren's syndrome increased the thyroid carcinoma risk, and female gender, fifth decade of life, European race, and involvement duration of more than 5 years were the exacerbating factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12579904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}