{"title":"Rapid, solvent- and catalyst-free transamidation of aliphatic amines with formamide","authors":"Jinting Li , Zihan Zhou , Yinzhe Chen , Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rapid and effective transamidation process using formamide as both solvent and reactant for the <em>N</em>-formylation of aliphatic amines has been developed. The method does not require the use of catalysts or column chromatography for purification, thereby simplifying the synthetic procedure. This innovative method is environmentally friendly and highly efficient, exhibits excellent reaction kinetics, demonstrates broad substrate adaptability and excellent functional group tolerance, and is also suitable for synthesizing or modifying certain amine-containing drug molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuta Nakagawa, Kensho Miki, Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Kunihisa Sugimoto
{"title":"Synthesis, optical properties, and alkylation of a methylene-bridged donor–acceptor compound: 10,11-dihydrodithieno[3′,2′:2,3;2″,3″:6,7]-as-indaceno[4,5-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole","authors":"Yuta Nakagawa, Kensho Miki, Yoshihiro Yamaguchi, Kunihisa Sugimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the design, synthesis, and photophysical characterization of a novel donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)-type π-conjugated molecule, 10,11-dihydro-dithieno[3′,2′:2,3;2″,3″:6,7]-as-indaceno[4,5-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (<strong>A</strong>). This bridging strategy enabled the construction of a highly planar structure while maintaining structural flexibility at the central benzylic position, which facilitated further molecular modifications. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the methylene-bridged architecture significantly increased the HOMO energy level without substantially affecting the LUMO level, thereby leading to a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap and red-shifted absorption. Photophysical studies indicated that compound <strong>A</strong> displays a broad intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-derived absorption band at 486 nm and a strong red emission at 638 nm with a relatively high quantum yield (Φ<sub>f</sub> = 0.46), which is particularly notable for red-emitting materials. Despite its increased rigidity, compound <strong>A</strong> displayed an unexpectedly large Stokes shift, which is attributed to the stabilization of the ICT state and enhanced molecular planarity. To improve the solubility of <strong>A</strong>, the sterically hindered methylene bridge was alkylated, obtaining the hexylated product with enhanced solubility in a moderate yield. This methylene-bridging approach offers a versatile platform for tuning the electronic and optical properties of π-conjugated systems and provides valuable insights for the design of next-generation functional organic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective C–O bond cleavage at benzylic positions enabled by Zirconocene and Photoredox catalysis","authors":"Kazuhiro Aida , Ryota Tajima , Eisuke Ota , Junichiro Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have developed a catalytic protocol for the selective cleavage of C–O bonds at benzylic positions using zirconocene and photoredox catalysis. This catalytic system enables the reductive cleavage of C–O bonds in both benzyl ethers and benzyl alcohols. Additionally, aromatic carbonyl compounds undergo deoxygenation to afford the corresponding hydrogenated products. Mechanistic studies support that ZrIII is the catalytically active species responsible for the C–O bond cleavage, driven by the formation of a strong Zr–O bond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent trends in ionic-liquids mediated synthesis of azepine, diazepine and triazepine","authors":"Shivangi Jaiswal , Anshita Paliwal , Jaya Dwivedi , Swapnil Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of seven-membered heterocycles received significant interest due to a broad range of applications such as materials science, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. For moving in a sustainable approach in organic synthesis, ionic liquids play a potential role in making the process greener and atom economy. Ionic liquids are powerful in catalyzing the reaction, offering unique advantages such as high thermal stability, tunable physicochemical properties, and the ability to act as solvents and catalysts. Ionic liquids have the ability to enhance reaction rates, improve selectivity, and reduce environmental impact compared to conventional organic synthesis. Moreover, ionic liquids stabilize the reaction intermediates, and selectivity transforms the reactant into complex products. This review highlights ionic liquids' role in synthesizing seven-membered heterocycles such as azepines, diazepines, and triazepines. The rationale of the review is to highlight a high-yielding green synthetic methodology for desired organic transformation for varied applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Migratory olefination of tertiary boronic esters under Matteson homologation conditions","authors":"Debarsee Adhikari, Joseph M. Ready","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tertiary benzylic boronic esters undergo a novel olefination under standard Matteson homologation conditions using lithiated-dichloromethane. Mechanistic studies reveal the formation of a reactive carbene intermediate from the corresponding α-chloro‑boronic ester that undergoes 1,2-aryl migration to form alkenes. This transformation offers a rare and mild approach to access alkenes from aryl tertiary boronic esters via a carbene intermediate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155740"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khomidkhodzha Kholikov, Brooke L.S. Boyden, Yuichiro Watanabe , Alexander Wei
{"title":"Chelating 5′-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyridylthiazoles as ratiometric fluorescence probes for d10 metal ions","authors":"Khomidkhodzha Kholikov, Brooke L.S. Boyden, Yuichiro Watanabe , Alexander Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three fluorescent 5′-(<em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl)pyridylthiazoles (HPPT) with different chelating groups at the 4′ position were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to detect transition metal ions in acetonitrile and aqueous buffers, based on changes in fluorescence intensity and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Both 4’-<em>O</em>-picolyloxy-HPPT (Pic-HPPT) and 4’-<em>O</em>-(<em>o</em>-carboxypicolyl)-HPPT (CPic-HPPT) respond strongly to Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) in CH<sub>3</sub>CN with a bathochromic shift in emission up to 68 nm, whereas 4’-<em>O</em>-carboxymethyl-HPPT (CM-HPPT) is unresponsive. Only CPic-HPPT responds to <em>d</em><sup>10</sup> metal ions in aqueous phosphate buffered solution (PBS, pH 7.4), attributable to the added chelating power of the <em>ortho</em>-carboxylate. CPic-HPPT forms a 2:1 complex with Zn(II) and a 1:1 complex with Cd(II) and Pb(II) in CH<sub>3</sub>CN, whereas a 1:1 complex forms with Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) ions in PBS. X-ray structural analysis of 1:1 Pic-HPPT–metal ion complexes reveals a planar tridentate binding motif with Zn(II) but a nonplanar tridentate geometry with the larger Cd(II) ion. Fluorescence titration of CPic-HPPT in PBS with Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> established sub-micromolar sensitivity with a limit of quantitation at 50 nM. These results show that CPic-HPPT has promise as a fluorescent probe for <em>d</em><sup>10</sup> metal ions in physiologically relevant media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent progress on phenothiazine organophotoredox catalysis","authors":"Kenta Tanaka , Hiroyoshi Takamura , Isao Kadota","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoredox catalysis has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its broad applicability in visible-light-induced organic transformations. While significant progress has been made in the development of highly oxidizing catalysts, such as acridinium catalysts, there remains a notable shortage of strongly reducing organophotoredox catalysts. Phenothiazines are widely used as photoredox catalysts owing to their unique redox potentials, particularly their low excited-state oxidation potentials (E<sub>ox</sub>* = −1.35 V to −3.51 V vs. SCE). Thus, they can be applied to a variety of photoredox reactions with oxidative-quenching cycles, and effectively reduce various organic molecules, such as aryl and alkyl halides, alkenes, malonyl peroxides, cobalt complexes, and redox-active esters. Due to their unique properties, this review focuses on the recent advances in phenothiazine organophotoredox catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moriah K. McLellan, Jack T. Hemphill, Sarah J. Petty, Josef D. Daniels, Isabel Serrano, Stephen C. Gaylor, Sheiva Iranfar, Nikita Shibkov, Braylon J. Bailey, Timothy B. Clark
{"title":"Expedient synthesis of arylphosphonates by the direct C–P coupling of arylboronate esters with dialkyl phosphites","authors":"Moriah K. McLellan, Jack T. Hemphill, Sarah J. Petty, Josef D. Daniels, Isabel Serrano, Stephen C. Gaylor, Sheiva Iranfar, Nikita Shibkov, Braylon J. Bailey, Timothy B. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arylphosphonates are valuable agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and phosphine ligand precursors. Accessing arylphosphonates through metal-catalyzed carbon‑phosphorus coupling reactions has simplified their syntheses. The coupling to arylboronate esters is of particular interest based on the numerous methods that install boronate esters into arenes. The palladium-catalyzed coupling of dialkylphosphites with arylboronate esters was developed using microwave heating, providing a variety of arylphosphonates. The method is highlighted by a streamlined sequence of C–H borylation/C-P coupling to generate arylphosphonates from simple arenes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct synthesis of pillar[5]quinone and pillar[6]quinone by CAN oxidation of alkylated pillararenes","authors":"Venkatesh Bollabathini, Kåre B. Jørgensen","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a simple and efficient high-yielding synthesis of pillar[<em>n</em>]quinones (<em>n</em> = 5 and 6) by direct oxidation of alkoxy pillararenes, using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in aqueous acetonitrile. Avoiding halogenated solvents, dimethoxy pillar[5]arene was transformed to pillar[5]quinone (92% yield) and diethoxy pillar[6]arene to pillar[6]quinone (90% yield) in 30 min. A broad substrate scope allows direct oxidation of most alkoxy pillararenes, accessible through a Lewis acid catalyzed direct synthesis, and make pillarquinones readily available for future exploration of reactivity and host-guest properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}