Khomidkhodzha Kholikov, Brooke L.S. Boyden, Yuichiro Watanabe , Alexander Wei
{"title":"Chelating 5′-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyridylthiazoles as ratiometric fluorescence probes for d10 metal ions","authors":"Khomidkhodzha Kholikov, Brooke L.S. Boyden, Yuichiro Watanabe , Alexander Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three fluorescent 5′-(<em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl)pyridylthiazoles (HPPT) with different chelating groups at the 4′ position were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to detect transition metal ions in acetonitrile and aqueous buffers, based on changes in fluorescence intensity and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Both 4’-<em>O</em>-picolyloxy-HPPT (Pic-HPPT) and 4’-<em>O</em>-(<em>o</em>-carboxypicolyl)-HPPT (CPic-HPPT) respond strongly to Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) in CH<sub>3</sub>CN with a bathochromic shift in emission up to 68 nm, whereas 4’-<em>O</em>-carboxymethyl-HPPT (CM-HPPT) is unresponsive. Only CPic-HPPT responds to <em>d</em><sup>10</sup> metal ions in aqueous phosphate buffered solution (PBS, pH 7.4), attributable to the added chelating power of the <em>ortho</em>-carboxylate. CPic-HPPT forms a 2:1 complex with Zn(II) and a 1:1 complex with Cd(II) and Pb(II) in CH<sub>3</sub>CN, whereas a 1:1 complex forms with Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) ions in PBS. X-ray structural analysis of 1:1 Pic-HPPT–metal ion complexes reveals a planar tridentate binding motif with Zn(II) but a nonplanar tridentate geometry with the larger Cd(II) ion. Fluorescence titration of CPic-HPPT in PBS with Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> established sub-micromolar sensitivity with a limit of quantitation at 50 nM. These results show that CPic-HPPT has promise as a fluorescent probe for <em>d</em><sup>10</sup> metal ions in physiologically relevant media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moriah K. McLellan, Jack T. Hemphill, Sarah J. Petty, Josef D. Daniels, Isabel Serrano, Stephen C. Gaylor, Sheiva Iranfar, Nikita Shibkov, Braylon J. Bailey, Timothy B. Clark
{"title":"Expedient synthesis of arylphosphonates by the direct C–P coupling of arylboronate esters with dialkyl phosphites","authors":"Moriah K. McLellan, Jack T. Hemphill, Sarah J. Petty, Josef D. Daniels, Isabel Serrano, Stephen C. Gaylor, Sheiva Iranfar, Nikita Shibkov, Braylon J. Bailey, Timothy B. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arylphosphonates are valuable agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and phosphine ligand precursors. Accessing arylphosphonates through metal-catalyzed carbon‑phosphorus coupling reactions has simplified their syntheses. The coupling to arylboronate esters is of particular interest based on the numerous methods that install boronate esters into arenes. The palladium-catalyzed coupling of dialkylphosphites with arylboronate esters was developed using microwave heating, providing a variety of arylphosphonates. The method is highlighted by a streamlined sequence of C–H borylation/C-P coupling to generate arylphosphonates from simple arenes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir B. Orel , Anastasia A. Manzhueva , Nikita V. Teplyashin
{"title":"Quantum chemical study on the activity of organic superbase phosphazene t-Bu-P4/DMSO in the autocondensation reaction of ketones","authors":"Vladimir B. Orel , Anastasia A. Manzhueva , Nikita V. Teplyashin","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This theoretical work is devoted to the study on the activity of phosphazene <em>t</em>-Bu-P4/DMSO in the autocondensation reaction of ketones, which is often an undesirable side process in base-promoted reactions involving ketones. It is shown that the 4-hydroxyenolate stabilized by the phosphazenium cation <em>t</em>-Bu-P4H<sup>+</sup> is thermodynamically and kinetically most stable in the <em>t</em>-Bu-P4/DMSO system among the condensation products of two acetone molecules. The remaining condensation products are formed only with a slight decrease in free energy. Possible condensation of a larger number of ketone molecules is hindered due to the high barrier and disadvantageous formation of 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one. The formation of the 4-hydroxyenolate from acetone is associated with activation energies greater than the activation energy of the reaction of acetone ethynylation with phenylacetylene. As a result, the use of the <em>t</em>-Bu-P4/DMSO system minimizes or eliminates the formation of ketone condensation by-products in ethynylation reactions. In cascade assemblies of acetylenes with ketones, carried out under more severe conditions, only ketols can be expected as condensation by-products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Talita B. Gontijo, Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior, Mariana Guerra de Aguilar, Rossimiriam P. de Freitas
{"title":"N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide as electrophilic nitrile source for the synthesis of oxadiazoles","authors":"Talita B. Gontijo, Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior, Mariana Guerra de Aguilar, Rossimiriam P. de Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A streamlined protocol for the synthesis of amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocycles using NCTS (<em>N</em>-cyano-<em>N</em>-phenyl-<em>p</em>-toluenesulfonamide) as a less toxic and easy-to-handle electrophilic nitrile source, in combination with hydrazides, has been developed. This novel methodology enables the synthesis of amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in fewer steps, with improved operational simplicity and yields ranging from 42 % to 70 %. Although several methodologies for the synthesis of amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been reported, our approach offers significant advantages in terms of efficiency, safety, and environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scalable route to high-purity 17-Amino-10-oxo-3,6,12,15-tetraoxa-9-azaheptadecanoic acid, an intermediate for therapeutic peptide synthesis","authors":"Jae Hoon Jeon , Dong Wook Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we report a method for the scalable, high-purity production of 17-amino-10-oxo-3,6,12,15-tetraoxa-9-azaheptadecanoic acid, a crucial intermediate in the production of peptide therapeutics such as semaglutide and tirzepatide. Existing synthetic methods for the target compound have limitations such as high-impurity content, poor yield, and complex purification steps. Our new synthetic route, which incorporates benzotriazole, provides enhanced stability and improved crystallization. Crucially, we achieved a purity above 99.7 %, demonstrating economic viability and efficiency for large-scale commercial production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From tetrachlorinated perylene diimide cyclophanes to sila-annulated high-affinity receptors","authors":"Bai-Yang Qian , Bi-Lian Chai , Jianbin Lin, Hui-Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the design and synthesis of two novel tetrachlorinated perylene diimide (PDI) cyclophanes. Using the tetrachloro-PDI cyclophane as a precursor, a silicon-annulated PDI cyclophane was readily synthesized via an eight-fold palladium-catalyzed coupling strategy. Host-guest interaction studies demonstrate that the resulting sila-PDI cyclophane effectively binds π-conjugated molecules, such as electron-rich anthracene (<strong>AN</strong>) and electron-poor anthraquinone (<strong>AQ</strong>). Notably, the binding constant for the structurally well-defined <strong>AQ</strong>⊂sila-PDI cyclophane complex is as high as <em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = (1.04 ± 0.22) × 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>, highlighting its strong affinity. This study underscores the potential utility of tetrachloro-PDI cyclophanes as modular platforms for constructing various heteroannulated architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 155729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iron-catalyzed 1,2-diketone synthesis via benzoin condensation/oxidation in water","authors":"Tsukasa Inishi, Toshitaka Okamura, Takashi Nishikata","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we have developed a methodology for the synthesis of 1,2-diketones via aerobic oxidation of benzaldehyde derivatives in water using N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. This approach involves a two-step one-pot process: benzoin condensation catalyzed by NHC, followed by FeS-catalyzed aerobic oxidation. By employing water as the reaction medium with Triton X as a surfactant, we have established an environmentally benign reaction system that eliminates the need for organic solvents. Through a series of control experiments, we have elucidated the roles of the NHC catalyst and FeS in the reaction mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 155717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"K2S2O8/TFA-mediated [3+2+1] synthesis of substituted quinolines from anilines and alcohols using DMSO as a C1 source","authors":"Zhipin Wang, Zheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>/TFA-mediated [3+2+1] cycloadditions of readily available anilines, primary alcohols/secondary alcohols, and DMSO is described. This method allows the direct and highly effective synthesis of privileged quinolones, such as 3-arylquinolines and 4-arylquinolines, with exclusive regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance in good to excellent yield. DMSO is employed as the C1 building block of quinoline products, the oxidant, and the solvent. The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed. The method can also be extended to a gram scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 155724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shao-Cong Zhan, Zi-Ying Xiao, Jing Sun, Chao-Guo Yan
{"title":"Synthesis for polycyclic spirooxindoles via base promoted spiroannulation reaction of cyclic β-enaminones and MBH maleimides of isatins","authors":"Shao-Cong Zhan, Zi-Ying Xiao, Jing Sun, Chao-Guo Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2025.155720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient synthetic protocol for polycyclic spirooxindoles was developed by base promoted spiroannulation reaction of cyclic <em>β</em>-enaminones and MBH maleimides of isatins in acetonitrile at elevated temperature. This reaction not only afforded functionalized spiro[indoline-3,9′-pyrrolo[3,4-<em>b</em>]quinoline]-1′,2,3′,8′-tetraones in satisfactory yields via spiroannulation reaction, but also gave unexpected dihydrospiro[indoline-3,9′-pyrrolo[3,4-<em>b</em>]quinoline]-1′,2,3′,8′-tetraone derivatives via further rearrangement process. The chemical structures of the two kinds of the spirooxindoles were confirmed by X-ray diffraction single crystal determination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 155720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}