Ankita Garg, Teesha Thakral, Rajat Dhiman, Aman Bhalla
{"title":"An insights into structural diversity of β-lactam scaffold towards varied medicinal applications: A comprehensive update (2020–2024)","authors":"Ankita Garg, Teesha Thakral, Rajat Dhiman, Aman Bhalla","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>β-Lactams have long been a cornerstone in the treatment of various bacterial infections, largely due to their unique structure–activity relationship with pathogenic bacteria. Significant efforts have been devoted in the literature to the development of novel β-lactam compounds and their subsequent medicinal evaluation. Moreover, the structural diversity in β-lactam derivatives has garnered significant interest in medicinal arena. Therefore, in this review thoroughly discusses the impact of structural diversity on various medicinal applications, which can be achieved through multiple synthetic approaches, including stereoselective reactions, heterocyclic fusion, regioselective modifications, and metal-catalyzed transformations. Additionally, the occurrence of functional groups such as electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups in structurally diverse β-lactam scaffolds has been explored to assess their medicinal impact. Furthermore, β-lactam compounds have increasingly attracted interest in medicinal chemistry because of their many other remarkable biological activities. Through the analysis of stereoselectivity, heterocyclic motifs, and the impacts of functional groups, we highlight the compounds noteworthy for medicinal applications, including anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-tubercular, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-malarial activity. Owing to these captivating pharmacological properties, this review provides a comprehensive update on the varied medicinal applications of β-lactam scaffolds, emphasizing a wide range of examples from 2020 to 2024.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 155383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-De An , Hui-Yun Wang , Long-Xue Wang , Wen-Tao Jiang , Jia-Jun Xu , Qing-Quan Sheng , Qixue Qin , Ying Fu
{"title":"Visible-light-induced hydrosulfonylation of alkynes driven by electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes","authors":"Xiao-De An , Hui-Yun Wang , Long-Xue Wang , Wen-Tao Jiang , Jia-Jun Xu , Qing-Quan Sheng , Qixue Qin , Ying Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The method toward the vinyl sulfones has been realized by visible-light-induced hydrosulfonylation of alkynes via an EDA process. DIPEA was used as both electron donor for EDA complex and hydrogen donor for hydrogen atom transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 155368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electricity-driven reductive coupling reaction of imines with N-(acyloxy)phthalimides","authors":"Xiaoye Liu, Leilei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reductive coupling reaction between imines and <em>N</em>-(acyloxy)phthalimides (NHPI esters) under electrochemical conditions has been developed. The reaction system was mild and easy to operate without the involvement of metals, and the imines could be generated from aldehydes and amines <em>in situ</em>. 4-Fluorobenzoic acid and <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-diisopropylethanamine (DIPEA) could both improve the reaction efficiency, and the ion pair formed by these two reagents could avoid the use of electrolytes. The mechanism experiments verified the formation of alkyl radical intermediates, and combined with the results of cyclic voltammetry experiments, it was judged that the reaction underwent the process of radical addition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 155367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anita Nowienski , Murray G. Rosenberg , Udo H. Brinker
{"title":"Synthesis of (bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-1-yl)methanal and Arrhenius parameters for thermal rearrangement: Radical stabilizing effect of aldehyde substituents on highly strained CC bonds","authors":"Anita Nowienski , Murray G. Rosenberg , Udo H. Brinker","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane rearranges to hexa-1,5-diene via the cyclohexane-1,4-diyl diradical. The 1-formyl substituted derivative was sought to evaluate the effect of a CHO-group on the rate of rearrangement. (Bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-1-yl)methanal was prepared for the first time in a multistep synthesis starting from hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The pivotal last step was achieved by Swern oxidation of (bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-1-yl)methanol at <em>T</em> = –60 °C. The carbon skeleton of the alcohol precursor remains intact under those conditions. Thermolysis of the aldehyde to 2-methylenehex-5-enal follows a first-order rate law between <em>T</em> = 322.85–361.51 K (<em>T</em><sub>avg</sub> = 343.30 K). Seven rate constants <em>k<sub>T</sub></em> were used to plot log <em>k<sub>T</sub></em> vs. 1/<em>T</em>, which provided the Arrhenius parameters for the rearrangement: activation energy (<em>E</em><sub>a</sub>) = 25.4 ± 1.0 kcal/mol and pre-exponential factor (<em>A</em><sub>343</sub>) = 1.66 × 10<sup>12</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The <em>E</em><sub>a</sub> is 10.6 kcal/mol below that of the unsubstituted archetype bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane. This sizable change in <em>E</em><sub>a</sub> reflects the radical stabilization energy of the CHO-group in 1-formylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 155369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Zhao , Eryan Wu , Yini Yang , Liqiu Sun , Zhichun Shi , Yingnan Zhao , Jun Li , Dan Wang
{"title":"Three new macrocarpene-type sesquiterpenes and three new ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids isolated from the styles and stigmas of Zea mays L.","authors":"Ming Zhao , Eryan Wu , Yini Yang , Liqiu Sun , Zhichun Shi , Yingnan Zhao , Jun Li , Dan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytochemical investigation of the styles and stigmas of <em>Zea mays</em> L. led to the isolation of six new compounds, including three new macrocarpene-type sesquiterpenes, named zeaen A (<strong>1</strong>), zeaen B (<strong>2</strong>), zeaen C (<strong>3</strong>), and three new <em>ent</em>-kaurane-type diterpenoids, named zeamaysditerpen A (<strong>4</strong>), zeamaysditerpen B (<strong>5</strong>), zeamaysditerpen C (<strong>6</strong>). Their structures were elucidated by physical properties, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-TOF-MS, and other methods, alongside comparison with literature data. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 155359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthetic studies on fusicoccin A: Enantioselective synthesis of the C-ring fragment","authors":"Kanae Hayashi, Masahisa Nakada","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enantioselective synthesis of the C-ring fragment of fusicoccin A is described. The TBS ether of hydroxyketone prepared by baker’s yeast reduction was converted to the α-ethylidene ketone by aldol condensation with propionaldehyde, followed by Michael reaction with divinylcopper reagent and conversion to enol triflate to afford a single diastereomer. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the crystalline derivative of the single diastereomer showed that the asymmetric carbon formed by the Michael reaction was consistent with the configuration of the C15 asymmetric carbon of fusicoccin A. The vinyl group of the enol triflate was converted to a hydroxymethyl group by selective dihydroxylation with a bulky ligand, oxidative cleavage of the resultant 1,2-diol with lead tetraacetate, and DIBAL-H reduction. The hydroxymethyl group was subsequently converted to TBS ether, followed by the hydrogenolysis of the benzyl group and Dess–Martin oxidation, accomplishing the enantioselective synthesis of the desired C-ring fragment of fusicoccin A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 155364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Liu , Liting Liu , Zhiqi Lei , Xi Chen , Xia Zhao , Kui Lu
{"title":"Photochemical direct C3 cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with cyclobutanone oxime esters under catalyst-free conditions","authors":"Jing Liu , Liting Liu , Zhiqi Lei , Xi Chen , Xia Zhao , Kui Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A photochemical direct C3 cyanoalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1<em>H</em>)-ones was achieved for the first time, using cyclobutanone oxime esters as cyanoalkyl precursors, without the need for a photocatalyst. The mild and environmentally friendly conditions make this protocol a valuable alternative for synthesizing C3 cyanoalkylated quinoxalin-2(1<em>H</em>)-ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 155363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaban Darwish , Dorna Davani-Davari , Shirley Tong , Rakesh Kumar Tiwari , Sun Yang , Keykavous Parang
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of cyclic peptide-dasatinib conjugates as anti-melanoma agents","authors":"Shaban Darwish , Dorna Davani-Davari , Shirley Tong , Rakesh Kumar Tiwari , Sun Yang , Keykavous Parang","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we synthesized two amphiphilic cyclic peptides, incorporating tryptophan and arginine residues, linked to dasatinib via a Cathepsin B-sensitive tetrapeptide (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly). To mitigate steric hindrance and optimize drug release, we integrated two different linkers, succinate and glutarate, between the drug and peptide. The synthesis involved solid-phase techniques for the assembly of the peptide, followed by the coupling of the peptide on-resin with the linker, mild cleavage, and solution-phase cyclization. Conjugation of the peptide-attached linker with dasatinib was conducted in the presence of <em>N</em>-methylmorpholine and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), generating the novel prodrugs. The synthesized compounds were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry MALDI, and the purity was confirmed by analytical HPLC. The synthesized cyclic peptide-dasatinib conjugates containing glutarate and succinate linkers were further evaluated against human melanoma A375 cells, which exhibited IC<sub>50</sub> values of 4.2 μM and 8.8 μM, respectively. Variations in cytotoxicity could be attributed to linker properties affecting intracellular drug release or prodrug uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 155365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Macías Alonso , Lucía S. Andrés , Joaquín González Marrero
{"title":"Formal synthesis of ferruginol methyl ether via an acid-catalysed intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition","authors":"Mariana Macías Alonso , Lucía S. Andrés , Joaquín González Marrero","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aromatic abietane diterpenoids, known for their wide range of biological and pharmaceutical activities, have attracted considerable interest from synthetic and medicinal chemists. Although some aromatic abietane diterpenoids are naturally abundant, many are only available in limited quantities, constraining their use in detailed biological investigations. We initiated a project to synthesize these compounds, and as our first approach, we describe the formal synthesis of ferruginol methyl ether. Starting from tiglic aldehyde (<strong>6</strong>) and 2-bromo-5-methoxybenzoic acid (<strong>11</strong>), we synthesized the triene (<strong>3</strong>) in nine steps. The key transformation involved an acid-catalysed intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) cyclisation of triene (<strong>3</strong>), leading to the formation of 12-methoxy-19-norpodocarpa-4(18),8,11,13-tetraene (<strong>14</strong>) as the primary product, with an overall yield of 17.3 % across ten steps. While the yield is modest, this approach provides a novel pathway for synthesizing abietane-type compounds. We are actively exploring strategies to improve the overall yield and developing an asymmetric synthesis variant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 155362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evgeny M. Buev, Polina A. Khardina, Vladimir S. Moshkin, Vyacheslav Y. Sosnovskikh
{"title":"Synthesis of (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic acids from salicylic aldehydes: Trimethylsilyl as traceless activating group","authors":"Evgeny M. Buev, Polina A. Khardina, Vladimir S. Moshkin, Vyacheslav Y. Sosnovskikh","doi":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salicylic aldehydes were readily alkylated with (chloromethyl)trimethylsilane to give the silylated <em>ortho</em>-methoxy benzaldehydes in 85–96 % yields. These aldehydes were converted into arylidenemalonates in excellent yields. <em>O</em>-(Trimethylsilyl)methyl group was applied as the synthetic equivalent of aryloxymethyl anion in the nucleophilic cyclization at the alkene moiety promoted by cesium fluoride in DMF at 140 °C. In this way, (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic acids and the corresponding esters were synthesized from salicylic aldehydes in 41–70 % overall yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":438,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Letters","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 155354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}