Solar-Terrestrial Physics最新文献_第8页

Optical Characterization of a New Facility for Materials Testing under Concentrated Wavelength-Filtered Solar Radiation Fluxes 聚焦波长滤光太阳辐射通量下新型材料测试设备的光学特性

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/solar3010007

Noelia Estremera-Pedriza, J. Fernández-Reche, J. Carballo

{"title":"Optical Characterization of a New Facility for Materials Testing under Concentrated Wavelength-Filtered Solar Radiation Fluxes","authors":"Noelia Estremera-Pedriza, J. Fernández-Reche, J. Carballo","doi":"10.3390/solar3010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3010007","url":null,"abstract":"The materials used to manufacture solar receivers for tower power plants must withstand high fluxes of concentrated solar radiation (from 0.1 to even 1.5 MWm−2) and operate at high operating temperatures (>800 °C). Durability is a key aspect in these systems, which must be ensured under these demanding operating conditions, which also include daily heating–cooling cycles throughout the lifetime of these power plants. So far, to the authors’ knowledge, which wavelengths of concentrated solar radiation have the greatest influence on the mechanisms and speed of aging of materials used in solar receivers has not been analyzed. Yet, such an analysis is pertinent in order to implement strategies that delay or inhibit such phenomena, and, thus, increase the durability of central tower systems’ receivers. To perform such analyses, a new solar furnace was recently designed and installed at the Plataforma de Almería (Spain). This paper describes the components of this new solar furnace. The components are as follows: a heliostat to redirect the direct solar radiation towards a Fresnel lens that concentrates the solar radiation on the material under study, a shutter that allows varying the amount of concentrated solar radiation incident on the Fresnel lens, and reflective filters with selective reflectance that are placed between the Fresnel lens and the material. This paper also describes the procedure and the first results of the energetic and spectral characterization of this new solar furnace. The first experimental results of the characterization of this new test bed using the heliostat and the Fresnel lens showed that concentration ratios of up to 1000 suns (1 sun = 1000 Wm−2) could be achieved. Furthermore, the paper presents the results of the spectral characterization of the test system, using selective reflectance mirrors in the near-visible–IR wavelength range (400–1125 nm) and in the visible–IR red region (700–2500 nm).","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89353469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Solar in 2022 感谢2022年《太阳能》评审员

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-29 DOI: 10.3390/solar3010006

引用次数: 0

Modeling and Energy Management of a Microgrid Based on Predictive Control Strategies 基于预测控制策略的微电网建模与能量管理

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/solar3010005

Álex Omar Topa Gavilema, J. D. Gil, J. Á. Álvarez Hervás, José Luis Torres Moreno, Manuel Pérez García

{"title":"Modeling and Energy Management of a Microgrid Based on Predictive Control Strategies","authors":"Álex Omar Topa Gavilema, J. D. Gil, J. Á. Álvarez Hervás, José Luis Torres Moreno, Manuel Pérez García","doi":"10.3390/solar3010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3010005","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the modeling and energy management of a microgrid through models developed based on physical equations for its optimal control. The microgrid’s energy management system was built with one of the most popular control algorithms in microgrid energy management systems: model predictive control. This control strategy aims to satisfy the load demand of an office located in the CIESOL bioclimatic building, which was placed in the University of Almería, using a quadratic cost function. The simulation scenarios took into account real simulation parameters provided by the microgrid of the building. For case studies of one and five days, the optimization was aimed at minimizing the input energy flows of the microgrid and the difference between the energy generated and demanded by the load, subject to a series of physical constraints for both outputs and inputs. The results of this work show how, with the correct tuning of the control strategy, the energy demand of the building is covered through the optimal management of the available energy sources, reducing the energy consumption of the public grid, regarding a wrong tuning of the controller, by 1 kWh per day for the first scenario and 7 kWh for the last.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78367288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Temporal Resolution of Input Weather Data Strongly Affects an Off-Grid PV System Layout and Reliability 输入天气数据的时间分辨率强烈影响离网光伏系统的布局和可靠性

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.3390/solar3010004

A. Klokov, E. Loktionov

引用次数: 6

Strain Engineering of ZrO2@TiO2 Core@shell Nanoparticle Photocatalysts ZrO2@TiO2 Core@shell纳米颗粒光催化剂的应变工程

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/solar3010002

J. Greg Swadener

{"title":"Strain Engineering of ZrO2@TiO2 Core@shell Nanoparticle Photocatalysts","authors":"J. Greg Swadener","doi":"10.3390/solar3010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3010002","url":null,"abstract":"TiO2 photocatalysts can provide carbon-capture utilization and storage by converting atmospheric CO2 to green hydrogen, but the efficiency of the current photocatalysts is still too low for economical usage. Anatase TiO2 is effective in transferring the electrons and holes produced by the photoelectric effect to reactants because of its oxygen-terminated surfaces. However, the anatase TiO2 bandgap is 3.2 eV, which requires photons with wavelengths of 375 nm or less to produce electron–hole pairs. Therefore, TiO2 is limited to using a small part of the solar spectrum. Strain engineering has been used to design ZrO2@TiO2 core@shell structures with large strains in the TiO2 shell, which reduces its bandgap but maintains octahedral facets for charge separation and oxygen-terminated surfaces for the catalysis of reactants. Finite element analysis shows that shell thicknesses of 4–12 nm are effective at obtaining large strains in a large portion of the shell, with the largest strains occurring next to the ZrO2 surface. The c-axis strains for 4–12 nm shells are up to 7%. The strains reduce the bandgap in anatase TiO2 up to 0.35 eV, which allows for the use of sunlight with wavelengths up to 421 nm. For the AM 1.5 standard spectrum, electron–hole pair creation in 4 nm thick and 10 nm thick TiO2 shells can be increased by a predicted 25% and 23%, respectively. The 10 nm thick shells provide a much larger volume of TiO2 and use proportionally less ZrO2. In addition, surface-plasmon resonators could be added to further extend the usable spectrum and increase the production of electron–hole pairs many-fold.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84112448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dimensioning and Lifetime Prediction Model for a Hybrid, Hydrogen-Based Household PV Energy System Using Matlab/Simulink 基于Matlab/Simulink的混合氢基家用光伏能源系统尺寸和寿命预测模型

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/solar3010003

Marius C. Möller, S. Krauter

{"title":"Dimensioning and Lifetime Prediction Model for a Hybrid, Hydrogen-Based Household PV Energy System Using Matlab/Simulink","authors":"Marius C. Möller, S. Krauter","doi":"10.3390/solar3010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3010003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model of an energy system for a private household extended by a lifetime prognosis. The energy system was designed for fully covering the year-round energy demand of a private household on the basis of electricity generated by a photovoltaic (PV) system, using a hybrid energy storage system consisting of a hydrogen unit and a lithium-ion battery. Hydrogen is produced with a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser by PV surplus during the summer months and then stored in a hydrogen tank. Mainly during winter, in terms of lack of PV energy, the hydrogen is converted back into electricity and heat by a fuel cell. The model was created in Matlab/Simulink and is based on real input data. Heat demand was also taken into account and is covered by a heat pump. The simulation period is a full year to account for the seasonality of energy production and demand. Due to high initial costs, the longevity of such an energy system is of vital interest. Therefore, this model was extended by a lifetime prediction in order to optimize the dimensioning with the aim of lifetime extension of a hydrogen-based energy system. Lifetime influencing factors were identified on the basis of a literature review and were integrated in the model. An extensive parameter study was performed to evaluate different dimensionings regarding the energy balance and the lifetime of the three components, electrolyser, fuel cell and lithium-ion battery. The results demonstrate the benefits of a holistic modelling approach and enable a design optimization regarding the use of resources, lifetime and self-sufficiency of the system.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74774970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Appearance of active regions at the end of solar cycle 24 and at the beginning of cycle 25 第24太阳活动周期结束和第25太阳活动周期开始时活动区的出现

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.12737/stp-84202202

V. Grigoryev, L. Ermakova, A. Khlystova

{"title":"Appearance of active regions at the end of solar cycle 24 and at the beginning of cycle 25","authors":"V. Grigoryev, L. Ermakova, A. Khlystova","doi":"10.12737/stp-84202202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-84202202","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial-temporal picture of appearance of active regions and the relationship of their appearance with the structure and development of a large-scale magnetic field were studied during the transition from solar cycle 24 to 25. During this period, solar activity is low, and therefore the dynamics of a large-scale magnetic field in the appearance of new active regions is most noticeable. We have used SDO/HMI data on the longitudinal magnetic field to determine the time and heliographic coordinates of the origin of an active region, as well as daily WSO maps (Wilcox Solar Observatory) to compare with the structure of the large-scale magnetic field. We have obtained the following results. During the transition from one cycle to another, new active regions appeared in half of the cases in the polarity inversion line of the large-scale magnetic field, and almost exclusively at the Hale boundaries in the corresponding hemispheres and solar cycles. In other cases, the places of appearance were unipolar regions of the large-scale magnetic field without a clear advantage in the location of the field regions according to the Hale law. The formation of active regions is preceded or accompanied by changes in the structure of the large-scale magnetic field. At the same time, in the fine structure of the magnetic field in the photosphere we can observe an increase in the magnetic field network on a spatial scale of the size of supergranules and larger, as well as the appearance of small regions of a new magnetic field of both polarities. The appearing active regions were concentrated in two narrow longitudinal zones that covered both hemispheres of the Sun. The new cycle began in the same longitudinal zones, where the activity of the old cycle decayed.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46686407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review and comparison of MHD wave characteristics at the Sun and in Earth’s magnetosphere 太阳和地球磁层MHD波特征的回顾和比较

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.12737/stp-84202201

M. Chelpanov, S. Anfinogentov, D. Kostarev, O. Mikhailova, A. Rubtsov, A. Chelpanov

{"title":"Review and comparison of MHD wave characteristics at the Sun and in Earth’s magnetosphere","authors":"M. Chelpanov, S. Anfinogentov, D. Kostarev, O. Mikhailova, A. Rubtsov, A. Chelpanov","doi":"10.12737/stp-84202201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-84202201","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves play a crucial role in the plasma processes of stellar atmospheres and planetary magnetospheres. Wave phenomena in both media are known to have similarities and unique traits typical of each system. \u0000MHD waves and related phenomena in magnetospheric and solar physics are studied largely independently of each other, despite the similarity in properties of these media and the common physical foundations of wave generation and propagation. A unified approach to studying MHD waves in the Sun and Earth's magnetosphere opens up prospects for further progress in these two fields. \u0000The review examines the current state of research into MHD waves in the Sun’s atmosphere and Earth's magnetosphere. It outlines the main features of the wave propagation media: their structure, scales, and typical parameters. We describe the main theoretical models applied to wave behavior studies; discuss their advantages and limitations; compare characteristics of MHD waves in the Sun’s atmosphere and Earth’s magnetosphere; and review observation methods and tools to obtain information on waves in various media.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44924630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Optical effects of running spacecraft engines in the lower thermosphere 航天器发动机在较低热层中运行的光学效应

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.12737/stp-84202207

A. Mikhalev, A. Beletsky, V. Lebedev, V. Khakhinov

引用次数: 0

Comparing methods to estimate cloud cover over the Baikal Natural Territory in December 2020. 比较估算2020年12月贝加尔湖自然领土云量的方法。

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.12737/stp-84202210

S. Podlesny, E. Devyatova, Andrey Saunkin, R. Vasilyev

{"title":"Comparing methods to estimate cloud cover over the Baikal Natural Territory in December 2020.","authors":"S. Podlesny, E. Devyatova, Andrey Saunkin, R. Vasilyev","doi":"10.12737/stp-84202210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-84202210","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the issue of how much cloud cover data obtained using satellite and model-interpolation techniques are suitable for monitoring the transparency of the atmosphere and determining conditions for airglow observations at a local geophysical observatory. For this purpose, we compared the temporal dynamics of cloud cover from ECMWF’s ERA5 reanalysis and NOAA satellites with the night atmosphere transparency according to a digital camera. We considered the dynamics of the addressed parameters at the Geophysical Observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, located in the Baikal Natural Territory near the village of Tory (Republic of Buryatia, Russia), during December 2020. The comparative analysis showed a generally good agreement between cloud cover data from ECMWF’s ERA5 climate reanalysis and those observed with the camera. Disadvantages are the lack of information on rapid variations in cloud cover in the reanalysis and positive and negative delays in the dynamics of cloud fields that last about two hours. Due to irregular satellite data, large time gaps between passes and difficulties in estimating cloud cover at night, we could not come to reliable conclusions concerning the applicability of satellite data.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48900669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0