Solar-Terrestrial Physics最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Potential of Qatari House Roofs for Solar Panel Installations: A Feasibility Survey","authors":"Ayed Banibaqash, Ziad Hunaiti, Maysam Abbod","doi":"10.3390/solar3040035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3040035","url":null,"abstract":"Qatar’s ambitious Vision 2030 includes a major shift towards clean energy, and residential solar PV installation can be an obvious option, given its abundant sunlight and high power for residential cooling. Despite significant solar panel farm investment, there has been limited progress in deploying solar panels on home roofs, and further research is needed to identify the potential for such an initiative and its impact on the country’s move towards clean energy. This field survey assesses the potential for residential rooftop solar panel installation across Qatar, considering space availability, currently utilized space, remaining space, shading, and roof type. It also provided indications of potential obstacles and shading that might affect panel sunlight exposure. The results showed that there is significant potential for installing solar panels on Qatari homes, which could contribute to a considerable portion of the energy consumed by households during peak usage periods, particularly in the summer months. Moreover, excess energy generated could be exported to other countries with high demand during periods of low demand in Qatar. The study’s findings complement previous research efforts and provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop strategies that endorse the vision for 2030 and promote the transition towards clean energy in Qatar.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"95 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Energy Systems in Africa: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Michael M. Santos, Ana Teresa Vaz Ferreira, João C. G. Lanzinha","doi":"10.3390/solar3040034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3040034","url":null,"abstract":"Africa has abundant solar resources but only 2% of its current capacity is generated from renewable sources. Photovoltaics (PV) offer sustainable, decentralized electricity access to meet development needs. This review synthesizes the recent literature on PV in Africa, with a focus on Mozambique. The 10 most cited studies highlight the optimization of technical components, such as storage and bifacial modules, and challenges in integrating large-scale PV. Case studies demonstrated Mozambique’s potential for PV applications in water heating, irrigation, and rural electrification. These benefits include reduced emissions and energy access. However, barriers, such as high costs, lack of infrastructure, and training, exist. While solar cookers are insufficient, thermal systems have unrealized potential. Mozambique’s urban and rural electrification rates are 57% and 13%, respectively, despite its energy resources. Targeted policies, financing, and community engagement are essential for promoting adoption. While PV can sustainably expand electricity access, coordinated efforts must address costs, infrastructure, maintenance, and social factors for successful implementation. Mozambique has immense solar potential, but strategic planning and support are critical to unlocking these benefits. This review provides insights into optimizing PV systems and policy frameworks for a clean and inclusive energy production future in Africa, to synthesize the 10 most cited studies on photovoltaic solar energy in Africa, and to deeply reflect upon the current energy needs in Mozambique, the benefits of employing PV and solar thermal systems, and the challenges of implementing such systems within the Mozambican context.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"17 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Roof Material Profile and Pigmentation on the Performance of Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"Nosakhare Aigbedion, Francis Njoka, Mathew Munji","doi":"10.3390/solar3040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3040033","url":null,"abstract":"This study combines simulations and experiments to study the heat interactions between various types of roofs and the photovoltaic (PV) modules installed on them. Specifically, the performance of PV modules on a clay roof was compared with their performance on two types of metal roofs, a Box-profile metal roof and an Orientile metal roof, which differ in shape and geometry. Additionally, this study examined the cooling potential of three common metal roof pigments, iron (iii) oxide (Fe2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and basalt, on roof-installed PV modules. An unpigmented roof was also studied for comparison purposes. Model development and simulation were implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics, and the simulation results were validated and compared with field experiments. The maximum open-circuit voltages of the PV installations were found to be 21.096 V for the clay roof, 20.945 V for the Box-profile metal roof and 20.718 V for the Orientile metal roof. This study revealed that the unpigmented roof had higher solar cell temperatures compared to the pigmented models, with temperature gains ranging from 2.2 °C to 2.71 °C. Moreover, the unpigmented model displayed significantly higher surface radiosity than the pigmented models. The performance output of the modules also varied depending on the metal roof sheet shape and geometry, with the Box-profile metal roof yielding better results than the Orientile metal roof sheet. These results indicate that a specific roof pigmentation may have a small impact on a single PV module, but it can become significant in a large array of modules, especially if cooling through natural convection is hindered.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135270796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automating Quality Control of Irradiance Data with a Comprehensive Analysis for Southern Africa","authors":"Francisca Muriel Daniel-Durandt, Arnold Johan Rix","doi":"10.3390/solar3040032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3040032","url":null,"abstract":"A review of quality control for large irradiance datasets is applied as a case study for the Southern African Universities Radiometric Network (SAURAN) database. The quality control procedure is automated and applied to 24 stations from the database with a total of 848,189 hourly datapoints. From this, the individual station’s data quality is also analysed. The assessment validates the automated methodology without the need for a user-based review of the data. The SAURAN database can play a significant role in advancing solar and wind energy; however, the number of offline stations hinders this process. Data scarcity remains an obstacle to these goals, and therefore, recommendations are provided to address this. Recommendations regarding each site’s usability in time-series and discrete applications are made, which provides an overall indication of the SAURAN database’s irradiance measurement quality. Of the 24 measuring stations assessed, eight are recommended, 11 are recommended with cautious use, and five are recommended with extremely cautious use. These recommendations are based on multiple factors, such as whether a dataset has more than one full year of data or is missing minimal datapoints. Further, a study of the irradiance correlation between the stations was conducted. The results indicated groupings of different stations that showed highly correlated irradiance measurements and similar weather patterns. This is useful if a proposed renewable energy power plant, such as PV, falls within a cluster where the data from the SAURAN database can be used as a substitute if no data is available. SAURAN presents an opportunity for Southern Africa to increase its research outputs in solar and wind energy and lessen its dependency on fossil fuel-based energy production.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances on Sb2Se3 Solar Cells Fabricated by Physical Vapor Deposition Techniques","authors":"Roberto Jakomin, Stefano Rampino, Giulia Spaggiari, Francesco Pattini","doi":"10.3390/solar3040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3040031","url":null,"abstract":"Sb2Se3, as an earth-abundant and low-toxic material, has emerged as one of the most interesting absorbers for clean renewable power generation technologies. Due to its optical properties, especially bandgap and absorption coefficient, the number of papers on Sb2Se3-based solar cells has been constantly increasing in the last ten years, and its power conversion efficiency has raised from 1% in 2014 to 10.57% in 2022. In this review, different Sb2Se3 solar cells’ fabrication technologies based on physical vapor deposition are described and correlated to the texture coefficient (ribbon orientation). Moreover, recent research works of the most promising solar cell configurations with different electron-transporting layers and hole-transporting layers are analyzed with a special emphasis on photovoltaic performances. Furthermore, different Sb2Se3 doping techniques are discussed. All these aspects are considered as new strategies to overcome the Sb2Se3 solar cell’s actual limitations.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Heat Transfer Characteristics in Small PTCs with Nonevacuated Receivers","authors":"Amedeo Ebolese, Domenico Marano, Carlo Copeta, Agatino Bruno, Vincenzo Sabatelli","doi":"10.3390/solar3040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3040030","url":null,"abstract":"The development of small-sized parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) for processing heat production at medium temperatures (100–250 °C) represents an interesting approach to increase the utilization of solar thermal technologies in industrial applications. Thus, the development of simplified models to analyze and predict their performance under different operative and climatic conditions is crucial for evaluating the application potential of this low-cost technology. In this paper, we present a numerical method that by combining three-dimensional finite element simulations (implemented with COMSOL Multiphysics software version 6.1) with a one-dimensional analysis (based on a MATLAB script) allows for the theoretical determination of the power output of a small-PTC with a nonevacuated tubular receiver operating at a medium temperature. The finite element model considers both the nonuniformity of the concentrated solar flux on the receiver tube (evaluated using Monte Carlo ray-tracing analysis) and the establishment of natural convection in the air gap between the glass envelope and absorber tube. The model calculates, for several values of direct normal irradiance (DNI) and inlet temperatures, the thermal power transferred to the heat transfer fluid (HTF) per unit length. The data are fitted using the multiple linear regression method, obtaining a function that is then used in a one-dimensional multi-nodal model to estimate the temperatures and the heat gains along the receiver tube. The outputs of the model are the outlet temperature and the total thermal power transferred to the HTF. In order to validate the developed methodology for the assessment of the heat transfer characteristics in the small-PTC with a nonevacuated receiver, an experiment at the ENEA Trisaia—Solar Thermal Collector Testing Laboratory was carried out. This work compares the theoretical data with those acquired through experimentation, obtaining a good agreement, with maximum differences of 0.2% and 3.6% for the outlet temperatures and the power outputs, respectively.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of long-term regional features of the dynamic regime of the ionosphere over the south of Eastern Siberia","authors":"Denis Khabituev, Marina Chernigovskaya","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202309","url":null,"abstract":"We have carried out a statistical analysis of a huge array of archival experimental data on the dynamic regime of the ionosphere over Irkutsk, obtained by a radiophysical spaced-receiver method with a small base of a radio signal reflected from the ionosphere during vertical ground-based radio sounding near Irkutsk in 1958–1982. Statistical long-term characteristics of drifts of ionization irregularities over the region of the south of Eastern Siberia were obtained. We confirmed clear differences in the nature of the dynamic regime of the lower and upper ionosphere. The motion of ionization in the zonal direction is shown to be more regular than the meridional drift. We determined the characteristic seasonal features of variations in magnitudes and directions of horizontal drift motions at heights of E and F ionospheric regions. The lower ionosphere is characterized by high variability and seasonal variations in motion velocities. In winter, the zonal component of the horizontal ionization drift velocity is directed to the west; in summer, to the east. At the heights of the upper ionosphere, the dynamic regime is more regular. The prevailing zonal direction of the motion of ionization irregularities to the west is observed for all seasons (heights above 230 km). The meridional component of the horizontal drift velocity mainly has a southerly direction. Thus, the horizontal drift of plasma irregularities at the heights of the upper ionosphere is, on the whole, directed to the southwest with the zonal direction predominating.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical analysis of microflares as observed by the 4–8 GHz spectropolarimeter","authors":"Dmitriy Zhdanov, Alexander Altyntsev, Nataliya Meshalkina, Sergey Anfinogentov","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202312","url":null,"abstract":"Radio observations of weak events are one of the promising methods for studying energy release and non-thermal processes in the solar corona. The development of instrumental capabilities allows for radio observations of weak transient coronal events, such as quasi-stationary brightenings and weak flares of X-ray class B and below, which were previously inaccessible for analysis. We have measured the spectral parameters of microwave radiation for thirty weak solar flares with X-ray classes ranging from A to C1.5, using observations from the Badary Broadband Microwave Spectropolarimeter (BBMS). The spectra indicate that plasma heating is caused by the appearance of non-thermal electron fluxes, which can be detected by bursts of microwave radiation, predominantly with an amplitude ~5–6 solar flux units (SFU) at 4–5 GHz frequencies. One solar flux unit (SFU) of radio emission is equal to 10–22 W/(m•Hz). The range of low-frequency spectrum growth indices fα varies widely from α=0.3 to 15. The distribution of high-frequency decay indices is similar to the distributions of regular flares. One of the explanations for the appearance of large fα values is the Razin effect, which can influence the shape of the gyrosynchrotron spectrum during the generation of bursts in dense plasma under relatively weak magnetic fields. We have detected two events in which the appearance of non-thermal electrons led to the generation of narrowband bursts at frequencies near the double plasma frequency. SRH test trials have shown the potential for measuring the structure of flare sources with fluxes of the order of 1 SFU, indicating the high diagnostic potential of the radioheliograph for detecting acceleration processes in weak flare events and their localization in active regions.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of strong solar proton events on propagation of radio signals in the VLF range in a high-latitude region","authors":"Oleg Akhmetov, Igor Mingalev, Oleg Mingalev, Vladimir Belahovskiy, Evgeniy Maurchev, Aleksey Larchenko, Zoya Suvorova, Yuriy Balabin","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202305","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the features of RSDN-20 signal propagation in a high-latitude Earth–ionosphere waveguide during solar proton events, using computational experiment methods. We have analyzed two proton ground-level enhancement (GLE) events of December 13, 2006 (GLE70) and September 10, 2017 (GLE72). Electron density profiles were constructed using the Global Dynamic Model of Ionosphere (GDMI) and the RUSCOSMICS model, developed at PGI. We present estimated phase and amplitude changes in RSDN-20 signals during precipitation of high-energy protons in the high-latitude region of the Earth–ionosphere waveguide. From the results of computational experiments and the analysis of the electromagnetic signal attenuation based on analytical Maxwell’s equation system solution in magnetized ionospheric plasma, we have found a pattern in the signal attenuation frequency dependence associated simultaneously with the signal reflection height, electron density profiles, and the collision frequency of electrons with neutral particles and ions. We discuss limitations of the computational experiment method and compare simulation results with data from Lovozero and Tuloma observatories.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136280323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral analysis of IAR oscillations to determine the value and variability of the peak electron density NmF2","authors":"Alexander Potapov, Tatyana Polyushkina, Anatol Guglielmi, Konstantin Ratovsky, Ilya Moskalev","doi":"10.12737/stp-93202306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-93202306","url":null,"abstract":"This methodical paper explores the possibility of estimating the peak electron density of the F2-region of the ionosphere (NmF2) under different conditions, using data on the frequency of spectral bands (harmonics) of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) oscillation. We describe a simple technique for tracking the frequency of spectral bands during the day by measuring their position on the plot of the IAR daily dynamic spectrum. Through calculations within the framework of the global ionospheric model IRI-2016, we verify the correctness of the comparison of the frequencies of resonant bands, measured at one point, with data from radio sounding, performed at other points remote from IAR frequency measurement sites at a distance. We propose an algorithm for comparing NmF2, measured by a radiosonde, with frequencies of spectral lines by precalculating the evaluation factor. It is formed on the basis of a nonlinear combination of the frequencies of the three observed harmonics. Then the time series of this factor is compared with the results of radio sounding, and correlation and regression coefficients, as well as estimation errors are calculated. Using the material on rare cases of round-the-clock observation of IAR oscillations in the winter months of 2011–2012, we trace the dependence of the average error in determining the peak electron density on local time. We present the data on the most favorable local time intervals for determining NmF2 from IAR harmonic frequencies depending on season. Some additional factors are discussed which affect the accuracy of estimates and determine the frequency range of IAR oscillations.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}