Solar-Terrestrial Physics最新文献_第6页

Novel Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral Controller for Hybrid Power System with Solar Grid and Reheated Thermal Generator 太阳能并网再热发电混合动力系统的分数阶比例积分控制器

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020018

Vadan Padiachy, U. Mehta

{"title":"Novel Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral Controller for Hybrid Power System with Solar Grid and Reheated Thermal Generator","authors":"Vadan Padiachy, U. Mehta","doi":"10.3390/solar3020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020018","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new fractional-order proportional-integral, (PI)λ (FO[PI]) type structure to investigate the load frequency control (LFC) problem. In the literature, some controllers’ extensive tuning options may slow or complicate the optimization process. Due to the intricacy of the tuning, even if there are fewer tuning parameters, a robust structure can be obtained. The (PI)λ structure deviates from the standard FOPI, integer PID, or PI-PD controllers with the same or fewer tuning parameters. The efficacy of a tri-parametric fractional-order controller is examined on a two-area interconnected hybrid power system comprising a photovoltaic (PV) grid and a Reheated Thermal Generator (RTG). In order to obtain optimal performance with lower control efforts, a novel dual-performance index is developed for the LFC problem. Various analyses are also proven to perform better than other optimized controllers from the recent literature. The presented scheme is significantly robust to disturbance interruptions, non-linearities, and parameter perturbations. It is also observed that there are no stability issues due to communication time delays. It is highlighted that the improvement can be obtained without adding complex structure or controller parameters.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76243360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blueberries as a Source of Energy: Physical Chemistry Characterization of Their Anthocyanins as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells’ Sensitizers 蓝莓作为能量来源:其花青素作为染料敏化太阳能电池敏化剂的物理化学特性

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020017

Tatiana Montagni, M. R. Chialanza, M. F. Cerdá

{"title":"Blueberries as a Source of Energy: Physical Chemistry Characterization of Their Anthocyanins as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells’ Sensitizers","authors":"Tatiana Montagni, M. R. Chialanza, M. F. Cerdá","doi":"10.3390/solar3020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020017","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to show the possibility of applying anthocyanins extracted from blueberries following a straightforward path as potential impregnation dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), particularly in the presence of co-adsorbents, such as silver nanoparticles, as an alternative in order to profit from large amounts of discarded fruits. Following a simple procedure, anthocyanins (mainly delphinidin-3-glucoside) were obtained from blueberries (Southern Highbush type). Complete characterization was carried out in order to prove the utility of delphinidin-3-glucoside as a sensitizer in DSSCs. The analyzed anthocyanin is suitable for sensitizing because of its high molar absorptivity values within the visible region of the light spectra, the adsorption ability to a FTO/TiO2 electrode (FTO, fluorine-doped tin oxide) as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) as well as thermogravimetry coupled to differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), a potential oxidation value near 1 V, and adequate thermal as well as light stabilities. Moreover, the cell’s conversion efficiency is improved in the presence of silver nanoparticles, reaching 0.24% (nearly a 25% increase). The sum of all these characteristics points to the application of delphinidin-3-glucoside as a sensitizer in DSSCs, offering a technological use with potential interest for countries where agricultural production offers an abundant origin of extraction.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78328230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Towards Positive Energy Districts: Energy Renovation of a Mediterranean District and Activation of Energy Flexibility 走向正能量区:地中海地区的能源改造与能源灵活性的激活

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020016

Ilaria Marotta, T. Péan, F. Guarino, S. Longo, M. Cellura, J. Salom

{"title":"Towards Positive Energy Districts: Energy Renovation of a Mediterranean District and Activation of Energy Flexibility","authors":"Ilaria Marotta, T. Péan, F. Guarino, S. Longo, M. Cellura, J. Salom","doi":"10.3390/solar3020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020016","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the analysis of energy retrofitting, integration of renewable energy and activation of energy flexibility in a cluster of buildings in the surroundings of a port on the Mediterranean Sea in Southern Italy, with the aim of checking the potential for it to achieve the status of positive energy district (PED). The objective of this study is to improve the contemporaneity between local energy generation and energy demand and reduce CO2eq emissions by considering signals that reflect the environmental variability of the electricity grid, through flexibility solutions applied to the HVAC system. The proposed scenarios are based on the dynamic simulation of the district and analyze the effect of actions that activate the energy flexibility of buildings through advanced control strategies of the air conditioning system. The results show that the joint action of energy efficiency strategies, integration of solar energy and energy flexibility improves the environmental sustainability of the district and the balance of energy flows. Specifically, the activation of energy flexibility contributes to a 10% reduction in operational CO2eq emissions and increases in self-consumption of energy per year. The operational emissions of the district vary from the base value of 33.37 tons CO2eq/y to 19.52 tons CO2eq/y in the scenario based on the integration of solar energy systems and energy efficiency measures, and to 17.39 tons CO2eq/y when also the demand-side energy flexibility is activated.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Future Prospective and Outlook 染料敏化太阳能电池环境友好型水基电解质:未来展望与展望

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020015

D. Spadaro, J. Barichello, I. Citro, G. Calogero

{"title":"Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Future Prospective and Outlook","authors":"D. Spadaro, J. Barichello, I. Citro, G. Calogero","doi":"10.3390/solar3020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020015","url":null,"abstract":"The use of traditional Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is limited due to the use of toxic and non-environmentally safe solvents. In this review, water is proposed as a viable alternative to developing green chemistry and sustainable materials for DSSCs. However, water-based DSSCs (WBDSSCs) require improvement in their photovoltaic parameters. The detachment of dye molecules from the semiconductor and the poor solubility of iodine in water are the primary reasons for their low efficiency. This review analyzes the best results achieved by 100% aqueous electrolytes containing synthetic, organic, and natural dyes to identify the best conditions to overcome these limitations. Developing a suitable photoanode/electrolyte interface and finding a compromise in the choice of dye are the main research goals in the coming years. WBDSSCs can contribute significantly to producing clean energy using sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. Furthermore, here we report the state of the art of the emerging technology of underwater dye-sensitized solar cells, which are a promising technology for generating renewable energy in aquatic environments. Recent advancements in material science and device engineering have shown promising results in enhancing their efficiency and durability. Further research and development can make these devices a viable alternative for sustainable energy generation in a wide range of underwater applications.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74238523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Sheet Metal Design Approach for 3D Shaped Facade Elements with Integrated Solar Thermal Functionality 具有集成太阳能热功能的3D形状立面元素的金属板设计方法

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020014

P. Scholz, Dieter Weise, Linda Schmidt, Martin Dembski, Alexander Stahr, M. Dix, F. Duminica, Sebastien Le Craz, J. Koziorek

引用次数: 0

Performance Evaluation of Novel Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector under Quasi-Dynamic Conditions 准动态条件下新型聚光光伏太阳能集热器性能评价

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020013

S. Hosouli, J. Gomes, Muhammad Talha Jahangir, George Pius

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Novel Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector under Quasi-Dynamic Conditions","authors":"S. Hosouli, J. Gomes, Muhammad Talha Jahangir, George Pius","doi":"10.3390/solar3020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020013","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) collectors are suitable for integration in limited roof space due to their higher solar conversion efficiency. Solar sunlight can be used more effectively by CPVT collectors in comparison to individual solar thermal collectors or PV modules. In this study, the experimental investigation of a novel CPVT collector called a PC (power collector) has been carried out in real outdoor conditions, and the test set-up has been designed based on ISO 9806:2013. A quasi-dynamic testing method has been used because of the advantages that this method can offer for collectors with a unique construction, such as the proposed collector, over the steady-state testing method. With a quasi-dynamic testing method, it is possible to characterize the collector within a wide range of incidence angles and a complex incidence angle modifier profile. The proposed novel collector has a gross area of 2.57 m2. A maximum power output per collector unit area of 1140 W is found at 0 °C reduced temperature (1000 W/m2 irradiance level), while at a higher reduced temperature (70 °C), it drops down to 510 W for the same irradiance level. The data have been fitted through a multiple linear regression method, and the obtained efficiency curve coefficients are 0.39, 0.192, 1.294, 0.023, 0.2, 0, −5929 and 0 for Kθd, b0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 and c6, respectively. The experimental characterization carried out on the collector proved that the output powers calculated by using the obtained parameters of the quasi-dynamic testing method are in good agreement with experimental points.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75805438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Reverse-Bias Defect Creation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells and Impact of Encapsulation Cu(in,Ga)Se2太阳能电池中反向偏置缺陷的产生及其封装的影响

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020012

T. S. Vaas, B. Pieters, A. Gerber, U. Rau

引用次数: 0

A quiet day empirical model of electron density in the Indian equatorial F-region 印度赤道f区电子密度的静日经验模型

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.12737/stp-91202308

M. Chamua, P. Bhuyan, K. Bhuyan

{"title":"A quiet day empirical model of electron density in the Indian equatorial F-region","authors":"M. Chamua, P. Bhuyan, K. Bhuyan","doi":"10.12737/stp-91202308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-91202308","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a quiet day empirical model of electron density (Ne) for the Indian equatorial zone at an altitude of 500 km. The model is applicable to all levels of solar activity and is based on the observation that the electron density in the F-region of the Indian zone is correlated with the F10.7 cm solar flux at each local time and in every month. Using this characteristic, we describe the model for electron density. In this model, we have used the least square fit and the polynomial fit. The electron density measured by the Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA) on board the SROSS C2 satellite from 1995 to 2000 and FORMOSAT-1 (ROCSAT-1) satellite, operated by the National Space Organization (NSPO, now the Taiwan Space Agency (TASA)) of the Republic of China (Taiwan), from 1999 to 2004 is used to derive the relationship between Ne and F10.7. The average altitudes of SROSS-C2 and FORMOSAT-1 are 500 km and 600 km respectively. Due to this height difference, the observed data obtained by FORMOSAT-1 is normalized to match the SROSS-C2 data. The model is compared with the observations and is found to be in good agreement with them. It is applicable to quiet (Ap<15) conditions and is limited to a fixed altitude of 500 km within the latitude range of 10° S to 10° N around the 75° E meridian.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41296190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of convolution neural networks for critical frequency fₒF2 prediction 卷积神经网络在临界频率fₒF2预测中的应用

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.12737/stp-91202307

B. Salimov, O. Berngardt, A. Hmelnov, K. Ratovsky, Oleg Kusonsky

{"title":"Application of convolution neural networks for critical frequency fₒF2 prediction","authors":"B. Salimov, O. Berngardt, A. Hmelnov, K. Ratovsky, Oleg Kusonsky","doi":"10.12737/stp-91202307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-91202307","url":null,"abstract":"Ionosphere has an important impact on the quality of radio communication, radar, and global positioning. One of the essential characteristics describing the state of the ionosphere is its critical frequency fₒF2. Its prediction provides effective modes of operation of technical radio equipment as well as enables calculation of the corrections needed to improve the accuracy of its functioning. Different physical and empirical models are generally used for fₒF2 prediction. This paper proposes an empirical prediction technique based on machine learning methods and observational history. It relies on a regression approach to the prediction based on the known daily quasi-periodicity of ionospheric parameters related to solar illumination. Algorithmically, this approach is implemented in the form of convolutional neural networks with two-dimensional convolution. The input data for the analysis is presented as two-dimensional solar time — date matrices. The model was trained on data from the mid-latitude ionosonde in Irkutsk (RF) and tested using data from several mid-latitude ionosondes: Arti (RF), Warsaw (Poland), Mohe (China). It is shown that the main contribution to the prediction value of fₒF2 is made by the data on the nearest few days before the prediction; the contribution of the remaining days strongly decreases. This model has the following forecast quality metrics (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.928, root mean square error 0.598 MHz, mean absolute error in percent 10.45 %, coefficient of determination 0.861) and can be applied to fₒF2 forecast in middle latitudes.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45465545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement of energy distribution for low power nanoflares 低功率纳米耀斑能量分布的测量

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.12737/stp-91202301

S. Bogachev, N. Erkhova

引用次数: 1