Solar-Terrestrial Physics最新文献_第5页

Cosmic ray fluctuations and MHD waves in the solar wind 宇宙射线波动和太阳风中的MHD波

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.12737/stp-92202309

Sergei Starodubtsev, Anton Zverev, Peter Gololobov, Vladislav Grigoryev

{"title":"Cosmic ray fluctuations and MHD waves in the solar wind","authors":"Sergei Starodubtsev, Anton Zverev, Peter Gololobov, Vladislav Grigoryev","doi":"10.12737/stp-92202309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-92202309","url":null,"abstract":"During large-scale solar wind disturbances, variations in galactic cosmic rays with periods from several minutes to 2–3 hours, which are called cosmic ray fluctuations in the scientific literature, often occur. Such fluctuations are not observed in the absence of disturbances. Since cosmic rays are charged particles, their modulation in the heliosphere occurs mainly under the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field, or rather its turbulent part — MHD waves. In order to adequately describe the relationship between their fluctuation spectra, it is necessary to be able to isolate a certain type of MHD waves from direct measurements of the interplanetary medium parameters. In this paper, we consider some methods for determining the contribution of three solar wind MHD turbulence branches, namely, Alfvén, fast, and slow magnetosonic waves corresponding to the turbulence spectrum inertial region frequencies 10⁻⁴<ν<10⁻¹ Hz, at which cosmic ray fluctuations are observed, to the observed power spectra of interplanetary magnetic field modulus fluctuations. To do this, we apply the methods of spectral and polarization analysis. In the absence of measurement data on SW parameters, to identify the type of MHD turbulence we use the known wave polarization properties that Alfvén and magnetosonic waves are polarized in different planes relative to the plane containing the average IMF vector and wave vector. Our results show that with the correct determination of the spectra of three MHD wave types, their sum, within the limits of errors, agrees well with the observed spectra of the interplanetary magnetic field modulus, and a small difference can be attributed to static inhomogeneities and oscillations frozen into plasma, as well as to various discontinuities that are always inevitably present in the solar wind.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135100116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peculiarities of medium parameter dynamics and cosmic ray density in strong Forbush decreases associated with magnetic clouds 强磁云中介质参数动力学和宇宙射线密度的特性

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.12737/stp-92202311

Anastasia Petukhova, Ivan Petuhov, Stanislav Petukhov, Ilya Gotovtsev

{"title":"Peculiarities of medium parameter dynamics and cosmic ray density in strong Forbush decreases associated with magnetic clouds","authors":"Anastasia Petukhova, Ivan Petuhov, Stanislav Petukhov, Ilya Gotovtsev","doi":"10.12737/stp-92202311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-92202311","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusion and electromagnetic mechanisms determine the formation of sporadic Forbush decreases. The diffusion mechanism affects the Forbush decrease amplitude in the turbulent layer, and the part of the coronal mass ejection preceding the magnetic cloud, and its efficiency depends on the level of magnetic field turbulence. The electromagnetic mechanism works in a magnetic cloud, and its efficiency depends on the intensity of regular magnetic and electric fields. We analyze solar wind parameters and cosmic ray density, using the superposed epoch analysis. In 1996–2006, 23 strong Forbush decreases (amplitude >5 %) were detected. The average amplitude of 7 % is equally formed by both mechanisms. The events can be divided into 2 groups depending on the contribution of the mechanisms to Forbush decrease amplitude. Group 1 includes the strongest Forbush decreases (amplitude=8.5 %), formed by both diffusion and electromagnetic mechanisms. The diffusion mechanism forms 0.26 amplitude, and the electromagnetic mechanism is responsible for 0.74 one. In group 2, the averege amplitude Forbush decrease =5.7 %, the diffusion mechanism forms 0.79 of amplitude; and the electromagnetic one, 0.21. The spatial distributions of the mean values of the medium parameters in the region of disturbances in the groups differ. This difference can be explained by the fact that Forbush decrease amplitude in groups 1 and 2 are formed in the central and peripheral parts of coronal mass ejection respectively.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135100119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infiltration of CsPbI3:EuI2 Perovskites into TiO2 Spongy Layers Deposited by gig-lox Sputtering Processes CsPbI3:EuI2钙钛矿在gigo -lox溅射沉积的TiO2海绵状层中的渗透

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.3390/solar3030020

C. Spampinato, Paola La Magna, S. Valastro, E. Smecca, V. Arena, C. Bongiorno, G. Mannino, E. Fazio, C. Corsaro, F. Neri, A. Alberti

{"title":"Infiltration of CsPbI3:EuI2 Perovskites into TiO2 Spongy Layers Deposited by gig-lox Sputtering Processes","authors":"C. Spampinato, Paola La Magna, S. Valastro, E. Smecca, V. Arena, C. Bongiorno, G. Mannino, E. Fazio, C. Corsaro, F. Neri, A. Alberti","doi":"10.3390/solar3030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3030020","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells have become a popular alternative to traditional silicon solar cells due to their potential to provide high-efficiency, low-cost, and lightweight solar energy harvesting solutions. However, the multilayer architecture of perovskite solar cells demands careful investigation of the interaction and interfacing between the various layers, as they play a crucial role in determining the overall performance of the cell. In this context, the present work aims at analyzing the coupling between a spongy transparent electron-transporting layer (ETL) and perovskite in a formulation CsPbI3:EuI2. The ETL used in this work is a transparent mesoporous TiO2 layer called “gig-lox” (grazing incidence angle geometry–local oxidation), which has been optimized to boost the interfacing with the perovskite for achieving a highly interconnected blend of materials. The gig-lox TiO2 ETL shows a high surface wettability with respect to the perovskite solution, especially after pre-annealing at 500 °C, and this enables the perovskite material to deeply infiltrate throughout it. The surface wettability of the gig-lox TiO2 has been estimated by contact angle measurements, while the deep infiltration of the perovskite material has been demonstrated through X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Thanks to the achieved deep infiltration, the photo-generated charge injection from the perovskite into the mesoporous oxide is enhanced with respect to the use of a planar compact oxide, as shown by the photoluminescence measurements. The mainstay of the approach resides in the ETL that is deposited by a solvent-free sputtering method and is up-scalable for high industrial throughput.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88977546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Potential Induced Degradation in Photovoltaic Modules: A Review of the Latest Research and Developments 光伏组件的潜在诱导降解:最新研究进展综述

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020019

G. Badran, Mahmoud Dhimish

{"title":"Potential Induced Degradation in Photovoltaic Modules: A Review of the Latest Research and Developments","authors":"G. Badran, Mahmoud Dhimish","doi":"10.3390/solar3020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020019","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) technology plays a crucial role in the transition towards a low-carbon energy system, but the potential-induced degradation (PID) phenomenon can significantly impact the performance and lifespan of PV modules. PID occurs when a high voltage potential difference exists between the module and ground, leading to ion migration and the formation of conductive paths. This results in reduced power output and poses a challenge for PV systems. Research and development efforts have focused on the use of new materials, designs, and mitigation strategies to prevent or mitigate PID. Materials such as conductive polymers, anti-reflective coatings, and specialized coatings have been developed, along with mitigation strategies such as bypass diodes and DC-DC converters. Understanding the various factors that contribute to PID, such as temperature and humidity, is critical for the development of effective approaches to prevent and mitigate this issue. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research and developments in the field of PID in PV modules, highlighting the materials, designs, and strategies that have been developed to address this issue. We emphasize the importance of PID research and development in the context of the global effort to combat climate change. By improving the performance and reliability of PV systems, we can increase their contribution to the transition towards a low-carbon energy system.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73335887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Novel Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral Controller for Hybrid Power System with Solar Grid and Reheated Thermal Generator 太阳能并网再热发电混合动力系统的分数阶比例积分控制器

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020018

Vadan Padiachy, U. Mehta

{"title":"Novel Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral Controller for Hybrid Power System with Solar Grid and Reheated Thermal Generator","authors":"Vadan Padiachy, U. Mehta","doi":"10.3390/solar3020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020018","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new fractional-order proportional-integral, (PI)λ (FO[PI]) type structure to investigate the load frequency control (LFC) problem. In the literature, some controllers’ extensive tuning options may slow or complicate the optimization process. Due to the intricacy of the tuning, even if there are fewer tuning parameters, a robust structure can be obtained. The (PI)λ structure deviates from the standard FOPI, integer PID, or PI-PD controllers with the same or fewer tuning parameters. The efficacy of a tri-parametric fractional-order controller is examined on a two-area interconnected hybrid power system comprising a photovoltaic (PV) grid and a Reheated Thermal Generator (RTG). In order to obtain optimal performance with lower control efforts, a novel dual-performance index is developed for the LFC problem. Various analyses are also proven to perform better than other optimized controllers from the recent literature. The presented scheme is significantly robust to disturbance interruptions, non-linearities, and parameter perturbations. It is also observed that there are no stability issues due to communication time delays. It is highlighted that the improvement can be obtained without adding complex structure or controller parameters.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76243360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blueberries as a Source of Energy: Physical Chemistry Characterization of Their Anthocyanins as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells’ Sensitizers 蓝莓作为能量来源:其花青素作为染料敏化太阳能电池敏化剂的物理化学特性

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020017

Tatiana Montagni, M. R. Chialanza, M. F. Cerdá

{"title":"Blueberries as a Source of Energy: Physical Chemistry Characterization of Their Anthocyanins as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells’ Sensitizers","authors":"Tatiana Montagni, M. R. Chialanza, M. F. Cerdá","doi":"10.3390/solar3020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020017","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to show the possibility of applying anthocyanins extracted from blueberries following a straightforward path as potential impregnation dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), particularly in the presence of co-adsorbents, such as silver nanoparticles, as an alternative in order to profit from large amounts of discarded fruits. Following a simple procedure, anthocyanins (mainly delphinidin-3-glucoside) were obtained from blueberries (Southern Highbush type). Complete characterization was carried out in order to prove the utility of delphinidin-3-glucoside as a sensitizer in DSSCs. The analyzed anthocyanin is suitable for sensitizing because of its high molar absorptivity values within the visible region of the light spectra, the adsorption ability to a FTO/TiO2 electrode (FTO, fluorine-doped tin oxide) as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) as well as thermogravimetry coupled to differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), a potential oxidation value near 1 V, and adequate thermal as well as light stabilities. Moreover, the cell’s conversion efficiency is improved in the presence of silver nanoparticles, reaching 0.24% (nearly a 25% increase). The sum of all these characteristics points to the application of delphinidin-3-glucoside as a sensitizer in DSSCs, offering a technological use with potential interest for countries where agricultural production offers an abundant origin of extraction.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78328230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Towards Positive Energy Districts: Energy Renovation of a Mediterranean District and Activation of Energy Flexibility 走向正能量区:地中海地区的能源改造与能源灵活性的激活

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020016

Ilaria Marotta, T. Péan, F. Guarino, S. Longo, M. Cellura, J. Salom

{"title":"Towards Positive Energy Districts: Energy Renovation of a Mediterranean District and Activation of Energy Flexibility","authors":"Ilaria Marotta, T. Péan, F. Guarino, S. Longo, M. Cellura, J. Salom","doi":"10.3390/solar3020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020016","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the analysis of energy retrofitting, integration of renewable energy and activation of energy flexibility in a cluster of buildings in the surroundings of a port on the Mediterranean Sea in Southern Italy, with the aim of checking the potential for it to achieve the status of positive energy district (PED). The objective of this study is to improve the contemporaneity between local energy generation and energy demand and reduce CO2eq emissions by considering signals that reflect the environmental variability of the electricity grid, through flexibility solutions applied to the HVAC system. The proposed scenarios are based on the dynamic simulation of the district and analyze the effect of actions that activate the energy flexibility of buildings through advanced control strategies of the air conditioning system. The results show that the joint action of energy efficiency strategies, integration of solar energy and energy flexibility improves the environmental sustainability of the district and the balance of energy flows. Specifically, the activation of energy flexibility contributes to a 10% reduction in operational CO2eq emissions and increases in self-consumption of energy per year. The operational emissions of the district vary from the base value of 33.37 tons CO2eq/y to 19.52 tons CO2eq/y in the scenario based on the integration of solar energy systems and energy efficiency measures, and to 17.39 tons CO2eq/y when also the demand-side energy flexibility is activated.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Future Prospective and Outlook 染料敏化太阳能电池环境友好型水基电解质:未来展望与展望

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020015

D. Spadaro, J. Barichello, I. Citro, G. Calogero

{"title":"Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Future Prospective and Outlook","authors":"D. Spadaro, J. Barichello, I. Citro, G. Calogero","doi":"10.3390/solar3020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020015","url":null,"abstract":"The use of traditional Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is limited due to the use of toxic and non-environmentally safe solvents. In this review, water is proposed as a viable alternative to developing green chemistry and sustainable materials for DSSCs. However, water-based DSSCs (WBDSSCs) require improvement in their photovoltaic parameters. The detachment of dye molecules from the semiconductor and the poor solubility of iodine in water are the primary reasons for their low efficiency. This review analyzes the best results achieved by 100% aqueous electrolytes containing synthetic, organic, and natural dyes to identify the best conditions to overcome these limitations. Developing a suitable photoanode/electrolyte interface and finding a compromise in the choice of dye are the main research goals in the coming years. WBDSSCs can contribute significantly to producing clean energy using sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. Furthermore, here we report the state of the art of the emerging technology of underwater dye-sensitized solar cells, which are a promising technology for generating renewable energy in aquatic environments. Recent advancements in material science and device engineering have shown promising results in enhancing their efficiency and durability. Further research and development can make these devices a viable alternative for sustainable energy generation in a wide range of underwater applications.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74238523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Sheet Metal Design Approach for 3D Shaped Facade Elements with Integrated Solar Thermal Functionality 具有集成太阳能热功能的3D形状立面元素的金属板设计方法

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020014

P. Scholz, Dieter Weise, Linda Schmidt, Martin Dembski, Alexander Stahr, M. Dix, F. Duminica, Sebastien Le Craz, J. Koziorek

引用次数: 0

Performance Evaluation of Novel Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector under Quasi-Dynamic Conditions 准动态条件下新型聚光光伏太阳能集热器性能评价

IF 1.1

Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/solar3020013

S. Hosouli, J. Gomes, Muhammad Talha Jahangir, George Pius

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Novel Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector under Quasi-Dynamic Conditions","authors":"S. Hosouli, J. Gomes, Muhammad Talha Jahangir, George Pius","doi":"10.3390/solar3020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/solar3020013","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) collectors are suitable for integration in limited roof space due to their higher solar conversion efficiency. Solar sunlight can be used more effectively by CPVT collectors in comparison to individual solar thermal collectors or PV modules. In this study, the experimental investigation of a novel CPVT collector called a PC (power collector) has been carried out in real outdoor conditions, and the test set-up has been designed based on ISO 9806:2013. A quasi-dynamic testing method has been used because of the advantages that this method can offer for collectors with a unique construction, such as the proposed collector, over the steady-state testing method. With a quasi-dynamic testing method, it is possible to characterize the collector within a wide range of incidence angles and a complex incidence angle modifier profile. The proposed novel collector has a gross area of 2.57 m2. A maximum power output per collector unit area of 1140 W is found at 0 °C reduced temperature (1000 W/m2 irradiance level), while at a higher reduced temperature (70 °C), it drops down to 510 W for the same irradiance level. The data have been fitted through a multiple linear regression method, and the obtained efficiency curve coefficients are 0.39, 0.192, 1.294, 0.023, 0.2, 0, −5929 and 0 for Kθd, b0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 and c6, respectively. The experimental characterization carried out on the collector proved that the output powers calculated by using the obtained parameters of the quasi-dynamic testing method are in good agreement with experimental points.","PeriodicalId":43869,"journal":{"name":"Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75805438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2