Monash Bioethics Review最新文献_第5页

The foundations of informed consent and bodily self-sovereignty: a positive suggestion. 知情同意和身体自我主权的基础：一个积极的建议。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4

Joanna Smolenski

{"title":"The foundations of informed consent and bodily self-sovereignty: a positive suggestion.","authors":"Joanna Smolenski","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4","url":null,"abstract":"In medical care, the obtaining of informed consent is taken to be required prior to treatment in order to ensure that patients sufficiently understand the potential risks and benefits of a given medical procedure. In this paper, I begin by looking at the history of informed consent and consider how the norms and laws in medicine have evolved away from benevolent paternalism and toward a blanket obligation to obtain informed consent. In so doing, I consider what values might be taken to underpin such a requirement. After dismissing some unsatisfactory answers, I offer a positive view as to the constellation of values I think informed consent ought to be protecting. I call these bodily self-sovereignty, which I take to be a coupling of two groups of values: autonomy and non-domination on the one hand, and self-ownership and personal integrity on the other. Given the connection between autonomy and responsibility, autonomy is both required for the act of consenting, and respected by allowing it. And, because of our special and inescapable relationship to our own bodies, this authorization is particularly important when our bodies are involved. So, I suggest that informed consent protects our self-sovereignty over our own bodies.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"115-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The mutuality account of parenthood: a subjective approach to parent-child relationships. 亲子关系的相互性：亲子关系的主观方法。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00198-y

Isabella Holmes, Rosalind McDougall

{"title":"The mutuality account of parenthood: a subjective approach to parent-child relationships.","authors":"Isabella Holmes, Rosalind McDougall","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00198-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00198-y","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulated by development of reproductive technologies, many current bioethical accounts of parenthood focus on defining parenthood at or around birth. They tend to exclude from their scope some parent-child relationships that develop later in a child's life. In reality, a parent-child relationship can emerge or dissolve over time: the parents of person A as an adolescent or adult may be different to her parents when she is a young child. To address this aspect of parenthood, we propose a new 'mutuality account' of parenthood, grounded in the concept of ontological security. We argue that in most cases a parent-child relationship exists if there is mutual ontological security between the parent and child. We suggest that this mutual ontological security is constituted and sustained by shared frameworks of reality and cohesive personal narratives. Our intention is to broaden the conceptual understanding of parenthood, to include parent-child relationships that do not fall neatly into current bioethical accounts, and to argue against the notion that objective physiological, causal, or social ties are necessary to 'make' a parent.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biosafety, biosecurity, and bioethics. 生物安全、生物安保和生物伦理。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00204-3

David B Resnik

引用次数: 0

Deference or critical engagement: how should healthcare practitioners use clinical ethics guidance? 遵从还是批判性参与：医疗从业人员应如何使用临床伦理指南？

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-023-00186-8

Ben Davies, Joshua Parker

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 ethics: unique aspects and a review as of early 2024. COVID-19 伦理学：独特方面和截至 2024 年初的审查。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00199-x

Wayne X Shandera

{"title":"COVID-19 ethics: unique aspects and a review as of early 2024.","authors":"Wayne X Shandera","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00199-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00199-x","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 presents a variety of ethical challenges in a set of arenas, arenas not always considered in past pandemics. These challenges include issues related to autonomy, distributive ethics, and the establishment of policies of equity and justice. Methods are a literature review based on regular editing of an online textbook during the COVID-19 outbreak and a literature review using key ethical terms. Patients are confronted with new issues related to autonomy. Providers need to expand their concepts of ethical issues to include decisions based on proportionality and public health ethics. The public health sector needs to assess the beneficence of alternative modes of disease control. The research community needs to redefine the concept of informed consent in emergent conditions. All elements of the medical spectrum-physicians, scientists, and the community-at-large including the pharmaceutical industry-need to consider the multifaceted methods for preventing future pandemics. This will require giving particular emphasis to public health funding and ending the documented discrimination that exists in the provision of proven therapies. The developing world is especially at risk for most of the ethical issues, especially those related to equity and justice. The ethical issues associated with the COVID-19 outbreak are not unique but provide a diverse set of issues that apply to patients, providers, social groups, and investigators. The further study of such issues can help with preventing future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"55-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contact investigation in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: ethical challenges. 耐多药结核病的接触调查：伦理挑战。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00188-0

Hnin Si Oo, Pascal Borry

{"title":"Contact investigation in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: ethical challenges.","authors":"Hnin Si Oo, Pascal Borry","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00188-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00188-0","url":null,"abstract":"Contact investigation is an evidence-based intervention of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) to protect public health by interrupting the chain of transmission. In pursuit of contact investigation, patients' MDR-TB status has to be disclosed to third parties (to the minimum necessary) for tracing the contacts. Nevertheless, disclosure to third parties often unintentionally leads the MDR-TB patients suffered from social discrimination and stigma. For this reason, patients are less inclined to reveal their MDR-TB status and becomes a significant issue in contact investigation. This issue certainly turns into a negative impact on the public interest. Tension between keeping MDR-TB status confidential and safeguarding public health arises in relation to this issue. Regarding MDR-TB management, patient compliance with treatment and contact investigation are equally important. Patients might fail to comply with anti-TB therapy and be reluctant to seek healthcare due to disclosure concerns. In order to have treatment adherence, MDRTB patients should not live through social discrimination and stigma arising from disclosure and TB team has a duty to support them as a mean of reciprocity. However, implementation of contact investigation as a public health policy can still be challenging even with promising reciprocal support to the patients because MDR-TB patients are living in different contexts and situations. There can be no straight forward settlement but an appropriate justification for each distinct context is needed to strike a balance between individual confidentiality and public interest.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"16-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Justification for coercion in a public health crisis: not just a matter of individual harm. 公共卫生危机中的胁迫理由：不仅仅是个人伤害问题。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00196-0

Lucie White

{"title":"Justification for coercion in a public health crisis: not just a matter of individual harm.","authors":"Lucie White","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00196-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00196-0","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID pandemic was an exceptional public health situation - which brought with it unprecedented restrictions across the global populace. But what was it about this pandemic which caused us to implement such drastic restrictions on liberty? Much of the ethical debate on restrictive measures such as lockdowns and vaccine requirements focused on the potential harm that individuals cause to other individuals by the risk of infection. I will suggest that this may come from a reliance on J.S. Mill's harm principle as providing the ultimate justification for coercion - i.e., the well-accepted principle that state coercion is justified in order to prevent the imposition of unacceptable risk of harm to others. Though there have been attempts, in the wider public health ethics literature, to use the harm principle as a basis for restricting contribution to collective harms, I will suggest that these attempts cannot rely on the harm principle alone. I will then turn to the ways in which an individual-based line of reasoning does not capture a distinctive sort of harm posed by the COVID pandemic (and others like it): the potential failure of healthcare systems. I will draw out three ways in which a focus on the harm that an individual poses to another individual fails to capture the full scope of harm wrought by the collapse of healthcare systems. First, it can't adequately capture the cumulative and \"looping effects\" of the harm caused by strained healthcare systems. Second, it fails to capture the widespread ripple effects the failure of a central societal institution can have on other institutions. And third, the failure of a healthcare system can impose \"psychic costs\", affecting the moral character of all members of society, reducing trust in institutions, and potentially posing an existential threat to the fabric of society. Finally, I will sketch some implications of the recognition of this distinctive sort of harm for the justification of coercive public health measures.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suicide-preventive compulsory admission is not a proportionate measure – time for clinicians to recognise the associated risks 预防自杀的强制入院措施并不相称--临床医生该认识到相关风险了

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00190-6

Antoinette Lundahl

引用次数: 0

Cause for coercion: cause for concern? 胁迫的原因：令人担忧的原因？

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00187-1

Maxwell J Smith

{"title":"Cause for coercion: cause for concern?","authors":"Maxwell J Smith","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00187-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00187-1","url":null,"abstract":"In his 2000 book, From Chaos to Coercion: Detention and the Control of Tuberculosis, Richard Coker makes a number of important observations and arguments regarding the use of coercive public health measures in response to infectious disease threats. In particular, Coker argues that we have a tendency to neglect public health threats and then demand immediate action, which can leave policymakers with fewer effective options and may require (or may be perceived as requiring) more aggressive, coercive measures to achieve public health goals. While Coker makes a convincing case as to why we should find it ethically problematic when governments find themselves in this position and resort to coercion, left outstanding is the question of whether this should preclude governments and health authorities from using coercion if and when they do find themselves in this position. In this paper, I argue that, while we should consider it ethically objectionable when governments resort to coercion because they have neglected a public health threat, its causes, and other possible responses to that threat, this should not then necessarily rule out the use of coercion in such circumstances; that there are ethically objectionable antecedents for why coercion is being considered should not necessarily or automatically cause us to think coercion in such cases cannot be justified. I address an objection to this argument and draw several conclusions about how governments' use of coercion in public health should be evaluated.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to love animals: and protect our planet Henry Mance New York: Vintage Books, 2022; paperback, 400 pp., £9.99, ISBN: 9781529112146. 如何爱护动物：保护我们的地球》亨利-曼斯纽约：平装本，400 页，9.99 英镑，ISBN：9781529112146。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-023-00185-9

B V E Hyde

引用次数: 0