Monash Bioethics Review最新文献_第5页

Health professionals' knowledge about ethical criteria in the allocation of resources in the COVID-19 pandemic. 在COVID-19大流行中，卫生专业人员对资源分配中的道德标准的了解。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-023-00174-y

Priscila Kelly da Silva Neto, Marcela Tavares de Souza, Aline Russomano de Gouvêa, Luciana Regina Ferreira da Mata, Bruna Moretti Luchesi, Juliana Dias Reis Pessalacia

{"title":"Health professionals' knowledge about ethical criteria in the allocation of resources in the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Priscila Kelly da Silva Neto, Marcela Tavares de Souza, Aline Russomano de Gouvêa, Luciana Regina Ferreira da Mata, Bruna Moretti Luchesi, Juliana Dias Reis Pessalacia","doi":"10.1007/s40592-023-00174-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-023-00174-y","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the rapid advance of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, several countries perceived that human and material resources would be insufficient to meet the demand of infected patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the knowledge of health professionals working in the pandemic about the application of ethical criteria in decision-making in situations of resource scarcity. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative survey study, conducted from June to December 2020, with health professionals working in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We applied a questionnaire to assess the professionals' knowledge about ethical criteria in decision-making in the allocation of scarce resources during the pandemic, containing 14 questions and possible score from 0 to 70, which was developed by researchers from documents and protocols validated by organizations from various countries, available in the first months of the pandemic, a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire and a self-assessment questionnaire regarding knowledge about bioethics. A total of 197 health professionals participated in the study, 37.6% of whom were nurses and 22.8% of whom were physicians, working in the Family Health Unit (28.4%) with a degree at the level of specialization (46.2%). Moreover, (9.5%) of nurses, (18.2%) of dental surgeons and (24.4%) of physicians reported that they have no prior knowledge about bioethics. Physicians and hospital workers scored higher on the knowledge assessment questionnaire. The mean score of the participants was 45.4 (SD = 7.2). Investments in training and professional education in the field of health focused on Bioethics are necessary, considering models and ethical theories that help professionals, managers and society to better position themselves in the face of pandemic contexts.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10166454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficiency and the futures market in organs. 机关效率与期货市场。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-023-00180-0

Andreas Albertsen

引用次数: 0

The final frontier: what is distinctive about the bioethics of space missions? The cases of human enhancement and human reproduction. 最后的前沿:太空任务的生物伦理学有什么独特之处?人类增强和人类繁殖的案例。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-022-00164-6

Konrad Szocik, Michael J Reiss

引用次数: 4

Ethical issues in military bioscience. 军事生物科学中的伦理问题。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-023-00176-w

Rain Liivoja, Ned Dobos

引用次数: 0

Brain to Brain Interfaces (BBIs) in future military operations; blurring the boundaries of individual responsibility. 未来军事行动中的脑对脑接口(BBIs)模糊个人责任的界限。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-022-00171-7

Sahar Latheef

{"title":"Brain to Brain Interfaces (BBIs) in future military operations; blurring the boundaries of individual responsibility.","authors":"Sahar Latheef","doi":"10.1007/s40592-022-00171-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-022-00171-7","url":null,"abstract":"Developments in neurotechnology took a leap forward with the demonstration of the first Brain to Brain Interface (BBI). BBIs enable direct communication between two brains via a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and bypasses the peripheral nervous system. This discovery promises new possibilities for future battlefield technology. As battlefield technology evolves, it is more likely to place greater demands on future soldiers. Future soldiers are more likely to process large amounts of data derived from an extensive networks of humans and machines. This raises several ethical and philosophical concerns. This paper will look at BBI technology in current stages of research, future BBI applications in the military and how the potential use of BBIs in military operations challenges the way we understand the concept of responsibility. In this paper, I propose that an individual connected to a BBI ought not to be held fully responsible for her actions. The justification for this proposition is based on three key points such as an individual connected to a BBI does not have the ability to act freely, has a diminished sense of self-agency and may not be able to demonstrate authenticity of the thoughts and memories generated when connected to the interface.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10055581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Whose side are you on? Complexities arising from the non-combatant status of military medical personnel. 你站在哪一边?军事医务人员的非战斗人员身份所引起的复杂性。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-022-00168-2

Michael C Reade

{"title":"Whose side are you on? Complexities arising from the non-combatant status of military medical personnel.","authors":"Michael C Reade","doi":"10.1007/s40592-022-00168-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-022-00168-2","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-1800s, clergy, doctors, other clinicians, and military personnel who specifically facilitate their work have been designated \"non-combatants\", protected from being targeted in return for providing care on the basis of clinical need alone. While permitted to use weapons to protect themselves and their patients, they may not attempt to gain military advantage over an adversary. The rationale for these regulations is based on sound arguments aimed both at reducing human suffering, but also the ultimate advantage of the nation-state fielding non-combatant staff. However, this is sometimes not immediately apparent to combatant colleagues. Clinicians in the armed force are also military officers, owing a \"dual loyalty\" that can create conflict if their non-combatant status is not well understood. Historical examples of doctors breaching their responsibilities include prioritisation of combat capability over the rights of individual soldiers (as occurred when scarce medical resources were allocated to soldiers more likely to return to battle in preference to those most likely to die without them), use of physicians to facilitate prisoner interrogation, medical research or treatment to enhance physical performance at the expense of health, application of Medical Rules of Eligibility according to factors other than clinical need, provision of treatment contingent upon support for military objectives, and use of medical knowledge to enhance weapons. However, not being a combatant party to a conflict does not imply that the non-combatant clinician cannot act in the national interest. Indeed, by adhering to the same universal ethics as their civilian colleagues, military clinicians provide optimal care to their own troops, facilitate freedom of action in host nations, and build positive international relationships during the conflict and in the post-conflict state.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10289943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pharmacological Prophylaxes against Moral Injury. 预防道德伤害的药物疗法。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-022-00167-3

Ned Dobos

引用次数: 1

Human enhancement drugs and Armed Forces: an overview of some key ethical considerations of creating 'Super-Soldiers'. 人类增强药物和武装力量:创造“超级士兵”的一些关键道德考虑的概述。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-022-00170-8

Adrian Walsh, Katinka Van de Ven

{"title":"Human enhancement drugs and Armed Forces: an overview of some key ethical considerations of creating 'Super-Soldiers'.","authors":"Adrian Walsh, Katinka Van de Ven","doi":"10.1007/s40592-022-00170-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-022-00170-8","url":null,"abstract":"There is a long history and growing evidence base that the use of drugs, such as anabolic-androgenic steroids, to enhance human performance is common amongst armed forces, including in Australia. We should not be surprised that this might have occurred for it has long been predicted by observers. It is a commonplace of many recent discussion of the future of warfare and future military technology to proclaim the imminent arrival of Super Soldiers, whose capacities are modified via drugs, digital technology and genetic engineering, in ways that increase their performance exponentially. This is what some observers have referred to as the \"Gladiator Model\" wherein the aim is to create soldiers able to perform feats of which ordinary citizens are not capable. One key aspect of this \"gladiator project\" is the use of illicit drugs to enhance performance. Could we use drugs, such as steroids or amphetamines, to enhance performance? Should we use such drugs? In this paper we explore the ethics of creating Super Soldiers, and raise issues of consent, coercion and the extent to which such use is permitted or condemned by just war theory. We conclude that much will depend on the extent to which such use is harmful to the soldiers themselves and this is still an open question.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10055579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

When Enhancements need Therapy: disenhancements, Iatrogenesis, and the responsibility of Military Institutions. 当增强需要治疗:去增强，医源性，和军事机构的责任。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-022-00169-1

Adam Henschke

引用次数: 1

Transparency or restricting gifts? Polish medical students' opinions about regulating relationships with pharmaceutical sales representatives. 透明还是限制赠与?波兰医学生对规范与药品销售代表关系的看法。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-021-00128-2

Marta Makowska, Emilia Kaczmarek, Marcin Rodzinka

{"title":"Transparency or restricting gifts? Polish medical students' opinions about regulating relationships with pharmaceutical sales representatives.","authors":"Marta Makowska, Emilia Kaczmarek, Marcin Rodzinka","doi":"10.1007/s40592-021-00128-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-021-00128-2","url":null,"abstract":"Relationships between physicians and pharmaceutical sales representatives (PSRs) often create conflicts of interest, not least because of the various benefits received by physicians. Many countries attempt to control pharmaceutical industry marketing strategies through legal regulation, and this is true in Poland where efforts are underway to eliminate any practices that might be considered corrupt in medicine. The present research considered Polish medical students' opinions about domestic laws restricting doctors' acceptance of expensive gifts from the industry, the idea of compulsory transparency, and the possibility of introducing a Polish Sunshine Law. A qualitative, focus group-based, interview method was used. Data were gathered from nine focus groups involving 92 medical students from three universities located in major Polish cities. The article presents a classification of opposing student views with regard to the consequences of introducing different legal solutions; this should be useful for policy makers deliberating on how to optimally regulate pharmaceutical marketing. The study's results are discussed in the context of the public bioethical debate in Poland.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40592-021-00128-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10498335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2