Monash Bioethics Review最新文献_第6页

All you need is [somebody's] love "third-party reproduction" and the existential density of biological affinity. 你需要的只是[某人]对 "第三方繁殖 "的热爱，以及生物亲和力的存在密度。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00212-3

Diogo Morais Sarmento Madureira

{"title":"All you need is [somebody's] love \"third-party reproduction\" and the existential density of biological affinity.","authors":"Diogo Morais Sarmento Madureira","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00212-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00212-3","url":null,"abstract":"What is the true significance of biological kinship? During the last decades, it seemed to be uncontroversial that abandoned and even adopted people feel the negative impact of biological parents' absence throughout life in several ways (Miller et al. 2000; Keyes, Margaret A., Anu Sharma, Irene J Elkins, and William G. Iacono, Matt McGue. 2008. The Mental Health of US Adolescents Adopted in Infancy. Archive Pediatric Adolescense Medicine 162(5): 419-425.). However, in the case of people conceived via \"third-party reproduction\", especially in sperm donation, the disruption of the kinship network derived from natural bonds tends to be presented as something irrelevant. This article disputes that assumption, explores its relationship with a deconstructivist vision that presents kinship as a purely social construct and defends the personal and existential value of a person's biological bonds with her parents. While analysing the anthropological shift inherent to the way some political discourses present the nuclear family and heterologous biotechnology, it proposes renewed philosophical attention on the significance of filiation and human affinity. This article argues for the density of genealogical ties and defends that the consecration of an individual \"right to a child\", namely (but not exclusively) through the normalised access to sperm banks, is incompatible with the rights of the child, since it deprives people from knowing not only who but also how is their father.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"234-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A queer feminist posthuman framework for bioethics: on vulnerability, antimicrobial resistance, and justice. 生物伦理学的后人类同性恋女权主义框架：关于脆弱性、抗菌药耐药性和正义。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00192-4

Tiia Sudenkaarne

引用次数: 0

Zero-covid advocacy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of views on Twitter/X. COVID-19 大流行期间的零病毒宣传：Twitter/X 上观点的案例研究。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00205-2

Kasper P Kepp, Kevin Bardosh, Tijl De Bie, Louise Emilsson, Justin Greaves, Tea Lallukka, Taulant Muka, J Christian Rangel, Niclas Sandström, Michaéla C Schippers, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Tracy Vaillancourt

{"title":"Zero-covid advocacy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of views on Twitter/X.","authors":"Kasper P Kepp, Kevin Bardosh, Tijl De Bie, Louise Emilsson, Justin Greaves, Tea Lallukka, Taulant Muka, J Christian Rangel, Niclas Sandström, Michaéla C Schippers, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Tracy Vaillancourt","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00205-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00205-2","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, many advocacy groups and individuals criticized governments on social media for doing either too much or too little to mitigate the pandemic. In this article, we review advocacy for COVID-19 elimination or \"zero-covid\" on the social media platform X (Twitter). We present a thematic analysis of tweets by 20 influential co-signatories of the World Health Network letter on ten themes, covering six topics of science and mitigation (zero-covid, epidemiological data on variants, long-term post-acute sequelae (Long COVID), vaccines, schools and children, views on monkeypox/Mpox) and four advocacy methods (personal advice and promoting remedies, use of anecdotes, criticism of other scientists, and of authorities). The advocacy, although timely and informative, often appealed to emotions and values using anecdotes and strong criticism of authorities and other scientists. Many tweets received hundreds or thousands of likes. Risks were emphasized about children's vulnerability, Long COVID, variant severity, and Mpox, and via comparisons with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Far-reaching policies and promotion of remedies were advocated without systematic evidence review, or sometimes, core field expertise. We identified potential conflicts of interest connected to private companies. Our study documents a need for public health debates to be less polarizing and judgmental, and more factual. In order to protect public trust in science during a crisis, we suggest the development of mechanisms to ensure ethical guidelines for engagement in \"science-based\" advocacy, and consideration of cost-benefit analysis of recommendations for public health decision-making.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"169-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distributive justice and value trade-offs in antibiotic use in aged care settings. 老年护理机构抗生素使用中的分配公正和价值权衡。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00191-5

Jane Williams, Sittichoke Chawraingern, Chris Degeling

{"title":"Distributive justice and value trade-offs in antibiotic use in aged care settings.","authors":"Jane Williams, Sittichoke Chawraingern, Chris Degeling","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00191-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00191-5","url":null,"abstract":"Residential aged care facilities (RACF) are sites of high antibiotic use in Australia. Misuse of antimicrobial drugs in RACF contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burdens that accrue to individuals and the wider public, now and in the future. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices in RACF, e.g. requiring conformation of infection, are designed to minimise inappropriate use of antibiotics. We conducted dialogue groups with 46 participants with a parent receiving aged care to better understand families' perspectives on antibiotics and care in RACF. Participants grappled with value trade offs in thinking about their own parents' care, juggling imagined population and future harms with known short term comfort of individuals and prioritising the latter. Distributive justice in AMR relies on collective moral responsibility and action for the benefit of future generations and unknown others. In RACF, AMS requires value trade-offs and compromise on antimicrobial use in an environment that is heavily reliant on antimicrobial drugs to perform caring functions. In the context of aged care, AMS is a technical solution to a deeply relational and socio-structural problem and there is a risk that carers (workers, families) are morally burdened by system failures that are not addressed in AMS solutions.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How clinical ethics discussions can be a model for accommodating and incorporating plural values in paediatric and adult healthcare settings. 在儿科和成人医疗机构中，临床伦理讨论如何成为包容和纳入多元价值观的典范。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00222-1

Clare Delany

引用次数: 0

Justifications and acceptability of coercive public health measures in the COVID-19 response in South Africa: a case study of the jurisprudence of human rights cases. 南非 COVID-19 应对措施中强制性公共卫生措施的正当性和可接受性：人权案例判例研究。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00214-1

Safura Abdool Karim

{"title":"Justifications and acceptability of coercive public health measures in the COVID-19 response in South Africa: a case study of the jurisprudence of human rights cases.","authors":"Safura Abdool Karim","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00214-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00214-1","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa implemented a comprehensive response to COVID-19 comprising of several coercive public health measures. As in many countries, COVID-19 measures were subject to a number of legal challenges on the grounds that these measures infringed on individual rights and liberties. Here, courts were required to assess the extent to which these limitations were justifiable against the state's imperative to improve public health. Consequently, the acceptability of different justifications of coercive public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa may be understood and assessed through the lens of its jurisprudence. This paper seeks to outline the approach to allowing, or disallowing, coercive public health measures as adopted by the judiciary as arbiters of allowable human rights infringements and thus permitting or prohibiting the state from exercising coercive powers. Specifically, this analysis aims to identify the principles underpinning the decisions with an expressly ethical lens with a view to providing content for the operationalisation of justifications for coercive state action such as the harm principle, reciprocity, least restrictive means in relation to the promotion of public health and the limitation of individual liberty.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Personal reflections on navigating plural values in the implementation of voluntary assisted dying in Victoria, Australia. 澳大利亚维多利亚州在实施自愿协助死亡过程中引导多元价值观的个人思考。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00209-y

Margaret O'Connor

引用次数: 0

Book review: ethics of artificial intelligence. 书评：人工智能伦理。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00219-w

Mohammad Hosseini

引用次数: 0

Coercive public health policies need context-specific ethical justifications. 强制性公共卫生政策需要根据具体情况进行伦理论证。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00218-x

Tess Johnson, Lerato Ndlovu, Omolara O Baiyegunhi, Wezzie S Lora, Nicola Desmond

引用次数: 0

Public health, pluralism, and the telos of political virtue. 公共卫生、多元化和政治美德的目的。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00216-z

Kathryn L MacKay

{"title":"Public health, pluralism, and the telos of political virtue.","authors":"Kathryn L MacKay","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00216-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00216-z","url":null,"abstract":"In the ethics of public health, questions of virtue, that is, of what it means for public health to act excellently, have received little attention. This omission needs remedy first because achieving improvements in population-wide health can be in tension with goals like respect for the liberty, self-determination, or non-oppression of various individuals or groups. A virtue-ethics approach is flexible and well-suited for the kind of deliberation required to resolve or mitigate such tension. Public health requires practically wise and careful thinking, which virtue ethics brings with it. Furthermore, too tight a focus on delivering outcomes in determining how public health should act has, in some cases, actually undermined its ability to achieve those consequences. However, the main concern about incorporating virtue into public health in a pluralistic society is likely to be that virtue is generally teleological, and we would surely need some widely agreed upon idea of something like flourishing or the common good for this to work. In this paper, I propose that for public health to express virtue in its work, it must express a commitment to justice as it goes about its business promoting and protecting the health of the population. Justice is both a contributor toward better health for groups in society, and a worthwhile goal in its own right. I will sketch an argument that justice as non-oppression - not merely health equity - is the right telos toward which excellent public health should aim in a pluralist society.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0