Monash Bioethics Review最新文献_第4页

A duty to enhance? Genetic engineering for the human Mars settlement. 增强的责任？人类火星定居的基因工程。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00221-2

Evie Kendal

{"title":"A duty to enhance? Genetic engineering for the human Mars settlement.","authors":"Evie Kendal","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00221-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00221-2","url":null,"abstract":"Humans living off-world will face numerous physical, psychological and social challenges and are likely to suffer negative health effects due to their lack of evolutionary adaptation to space environments. While some of the necessary adaptations may develop naturally over many generations, genetic technologies could be used to speed this process along, potentially improving the wellbeing of early space settlers and their offspring. With broad support, such a program could lead to significant genetic modification of off-world communities, for example, to limit radiation damage on body systems or prevent bone and muscle loss in reduced gravity conditions. Given the extreme stressors of living off-world, and the need to have a healthy workforce to support a fledgling human settlement, those in favour of using genetic technologies to enhance settlers might even claim there is a moral imperative to protect their health in the face of the unique threats of space travel, especially for children born in settlements who did not take on these risks voluntarily. For some, this might simply be an extension of procreative beneficence. However, ethical concerns arise regarding the risks of embracing a eugenicist agenda and the potential impacts on the rights of future settlers to refuse such genetic enhancements for themselves or their children.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Personal reflections on navigating plural values in the implementation of voluntary assisted dying in Victoria, Australia. 澳大利亚维多利亚州在实施自愿协助死亡过程中引导多元价值观的个人思考。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00209-y

Margaret O'Connor

引用次数: 0

Book review: ethics of artificial intelligence. 书评：人工智能伦理。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00219-w

Mohammad Hosseini

引用次数: 0

Coercive public health policies need context-specific ethical justifications. 强制性公共卫生政策需要根据具体情况进行伦理论证。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00218-x

Tess Johnson, Lerato Ndlovu, Omolara O Baiyegunhi, Wezzie S Lora, Nicola Desmond

引用次数: 0

Public health, pluralism, and the telos of political virtue. 公共卫生、多元化和政治美德的目的。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00216-z

Kathryn L MacKay

{"title":"Public health, pluralism, and the telos of political virtue.","authors":"Kathryn L MacKay","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00216-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00216-z","url":null,"abstract":"In the ethics of public health, questions of virtue, that is, of what it means for public health to act excellently, have received little attention. This omission needs remedy first because achieving improvements in population-wide health can be in tension with goals like respect for the liberty, self-determination, or non-oppression of various individuals or groups. A virtue-ethics approach is flexible and well-suited for the kind of deliberation required to resolve or mitigate such tension. Public health requires practically wise and careful thinking, which virtue ethics brings with it. Furthermore, too tight a focus on delivering outcomes in determining how public health should act has, in some cases, actually undermined its ability to achieve those consequences. However, the main concern about incorporating virtue into public health in a pluralistic society is likely to be that virtue is generally teleological, and we would surely need some widely agreed upon idea of something like flourishing or the common good for this to work. In this paper, I propose that for public health to express virtue in its work, it must express a commitment to justice as it goes about its business promoting and protecting the health of the population. Justice is both a contributor toward better health for groups in society, and a worthwhile goal in its own right. I will sketch an argument that justice as non-oppression - not merely health equity - is the right telos toward which excellent public health should aim in a pluralist society.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smoking & autonomy: the generational tobacco endgame. 吸烟与自主：一代人的烟草终局。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00207-0

Shazeea Mohamed Ali

引用次数: 0

Where do families turn? Ethical dilemmas in the care of chronically critically Ill children. 家庭该何去何从？慢性重症儿童护理中的伦理困境。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00201-6

Johnson Pang, Lora Batson, Kathryn Detwiler, Mattea E Miller, Dörte Thorndike, Renee D Boss, Miriam C Shapiro

{"title":"Where do families turn? Ethical dilemmas in the care of chronically critically Ill children.","authors":"Johnson Pang, Lora Batson, Kathryn Detwiler, Mattea E Miller, Dörte Thorndike, Renee D Boss, Miriam C Shapiro","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00201-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00201-6","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in early diagnosis and novel treatments for children with complex and chronic needs have improved their chances of survival. But many survive with complex medical needs and ongoing medical management in the setting of prognostic uncertainty. Their medical care relies more and more on preference-sensitive decisions, requiring medical team and family engagement in ethically challenging situations. Many families are unprepared as they face these ethical challenges and struggle to access relevant ethical resources. In this paper, Timmy's narrative, situated in the context of what is known about ethical challenges in the care of children with chronic critical illness (CCI), serves as a case study of the gap in available ethical resources to guide families in their approach to difficult decision making for children with significant medical complexity and CCI. Our author group, inclusive of parents of children with complex medical needs and medical professionals, identifies domains of ethical challenges facing families of children with CCI and we highlight the development of family/caregiver-oriented ethics resources as an essential expansion of pediatric bioethics.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 vaccines: history of the pandemic's great scientific success and flawed policy implementation. COVID-19 疫苗：大流行病的巨大科学成功与政策实施缺陷的历史。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00189-z

Vinay Prasad, Alyson Haslam

引用次数: 0

Assisted dying in Swedish healthcare: a qualitative analysis of physicians' reasoning about physician-assisted suicide. 瑞典医疗保健中的协助死亡：对医生协助自杀推理的定性分析。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00202-5

Anna Lindblad, Niklas Juth, Ingemar Engström, Mikael Sandlund, Niels Lynøe

{"title":"Assisted dying in Swedish healthcare: a qualitative analysis of physicians' reasoning about physician-assisted suicide.","authors":"Anna Lindblad, Niklas Juth, Ingemar Engström, Mikael Sandlund, Niels Lynøe","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00202-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00202-5","url":null,"abstract":"To explore Swedish physicians' arguments and values for and against physician-assisted suicide (PAS) extracted from the free-text comments in a postal survey. A random selection of approximately 240 physicians from each of the following specialties: general practice, geriatrics, internal medicine, oncology, surgery and psychiatry. All 123 palliative care physicians in Sweden. A qualitative content analysis of free-text comments in a postal questionnaire commissioned by the Swedish Medical Society in collaboration with the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. The total response rate was 59.2%. Of the 933 respondents, 1107 comments were provided. The free-text comments entailed both normative and factual arguments for and against PAS. The analysis resulted in two main categories: (1) \"Safe implementation of PAS is unachievable\" (with subcategories \"Criteria of PAS difficult to fulfil\" and \"PAS puts societal norms and values at risk\") and (2) \"The role of PAS in healthcare\" (with subcategories \"No medical need for PAS\", \"PAS is not a task for physicians\", \"No ethical difference to other end-of-life decisions\" and \"PAS is in the patient's best interest\"). The respondents brought up well-known arguments from academic and public debate on the subject. Comments from physicians against PAS were more often emotionally charged and used devices like dysphemisms and slippery-slope arguments.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The foundations of informed consent and bodily self-sovereignty: a positive suggestion. 知情同意和身体自我主权的基础：一个积极的建议。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4

Joanna Smolenski

{"title":"The foundations of informed consent and bodily self-sovereignty: a positive suggestion.","authors":"Joanna Smolenski","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4","url":null,"abstract":"In medical care, the obtaining of informed consent is taken to be required prior to treatment in order to ensure that patients sufficiently understand the potential risks and benefits of a given medical procedure. In this paper, I begin by looking at the history of informed consent and consider how the norms and laws in medicine have evolved away from benevolent paternalism and toward a blanket obligation to obtain informed consent. In so doing, I consider what values might be taken to underpin such a requirement. After dismissing some unsatisfactory answers, I offer a positive view as to the constellation of values I think informed consent ought to be protecting. I call these bodily self-sovereignty, which I take to be a coupling of two groups of values: autonomy and non-domination on the one hand, and self-ownership and personal integrity on the other. Given the connection between autonomy and responsibility, autonomy is both required for the act of consenting, and respected by allowing it. And, because of our special and inescapable relationship to our own bodies, this authorization is particularly important when our bodies are involved. So, I suggest that informed consent protects our self-sovereignty over our own bodies.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"115-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0