Monash Bioethics Review最新文献_第3页

Where do families turn? Ethical dilemmas in the care of chronically critically Ill children. 家庭该何去何从？慢性重症儿童护理中的伦理困境。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00201-6

Johnson Pang, Lora Batson, Kathryn Detwiler, Mattea E Miller, Dörte Thorndike, Renee D Boss, Miriam C Shapiro

{"title":"Where do families turn? Ethical dilemmas in the care of chronically critically Ill children.","authors":"Johnson Pang, Lora Batson, Kathryn Detwiler, Mattea E Miller, Dörte Thorndike, Renee D Boss, Miriam C Shapiro","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00201-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00201-6","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in early diagnosis and novel treatments for children with complex and chronic needs have improved their chances of survival. But many survive with complex medical needs and ongoing medical management in the setting of prognostic uncertainty. Their medical care relies more and more on preference-sensitive decisions, requiring medical team and family engagement in ethically challenging situations. Many families are unprepared as they face these ethical challenges and struggle to access relevant ethical resources. In this paper, Timmy's narrative, situated in the context of what is known about ethical challenges in the care of children with chronic critical illness (CCI), serves as a case study of the gap in available ethical resources to guide families in their approach to difficult decision making for children with significant medical complexity and CCI. Our author group, inclusive of parents of children with complex medical needs and medical professionals, identifies domains of ethical challenges facing families of children with CCI and we highlight the development of family/caregiver-oriented ethics resources as an essential expansion of pediatric bioethics.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental risk and market approval for human pharmaceuticals. 人类药品的环境风险和市场审批。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00195-1

Davide Fumagalli

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 vaccines: history of the pandemic's great scientific success and flawed policy implementation. COVID-19 疫苗：大流行病的巨大科学成功与政策实施缺陷的历史。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00189-z

Vinay Prasad, Alyson Haslam

引用次数: 0

Assisted dying in Swedish healthcare: a qualitative analysis of physicians' reasoning about physician-assisted suicide. 瑞典医疗保健中的协助死亡：对医生协助自杀推理的定性分析。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00202-5

Anna Lindblad, Niklas Juth, Ingemar Engström, Mikael Sandlund, Niels Lynøe

{"title":"Assisted dying in Swedish healthcare: a qualitative analysis of physicians' reasoning about physician-assisted suicide.","authors":"Anna Lindblad, Niklas Juth, Ingemar Engström, Mikael Sandlund, Niels Lynøe","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00202-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00202-5","url":null,"abstract":"To explore Swedish physicians' arguments and values for and against physician-assisted suicide (PAS) extracted from the free-text comments in a postal survey. A random selection of approximately 240 physicians from each of the following specialties: general practice, geriatrics, internal medicine, oncology, surgery and psychiatry. All 123 palliative care physicians in Sweden. A qualitative content analysis of free-text comments in a postal questionnaire commissioned by the Swedish Medical Society in collaboration with the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. The total response rate was 59.2%. Of the 933 respondents, 1107 comments were provided. The free-text comments entailed both normative and factual arguments for and against PAS. The analysis resulted in two main categories: (1) \"Safe implementation of PAS is unachievable\" (with subcategories \"Criteria of PAS difficult to fulfil\" and \"PAS puts societal norms and values at risk\") and (2) \"The role of PAS in healthcare\" (with subcategories \"No medical need for PAS\", \"PAS is not a task for physicians\", \"No ethical difference to other end-of-life decisions\" and \"PAS is in the patient's best interest\"). The respondents brought up well-known arguments from academic and public debate on the subject. Comments from physicians against PAS were more often emotionally charged and used devices like dysphemisms and slippery-slope arguments.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The foundations of informed consent and bodily self-sovereignty: a positive suggestion. 知情同意和身体自我主权的基础：一个积极的建议。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4

Joanna Smolenski

{"title":"The foundations of informed consent and bodily self-sovereignty: a positive suggestion.","authors":"Joanna Smolenski","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00203-4","url":null,"abstract":"In medical care, the obtaining of informed consent is taken to be required prior to treatment in order to ensure that patients sufficiently understand the potential risks and benefits of a given medical procedure. In this paper, I begin by looking at the history of informed consent and consider how the norms and laws in medicine have evolved away from benevolent paternalism and toward a blanket obligation to obtain informed consent. In so doing, I consider what values might be taken to underpin such a requirement. After dismissing some unsatisfactory answers, I offer a positive view as to the constellation of values I think informed consent ought to be protecting. I call these bodily self-sovereignty, which I take to be a coupling of two groups of values: autonomy and non-domination on the one hand, and self-ownership and personal integrity on the other. Given the connection between autonomy and responsibility, autonomy is both required for the act of consenting, and respected by allowing it. And, because of our special and inescapable relationship to our own bodies, this authorization is particularly important when our bodies are involved. So, I suggest that informed consent protects our self-sovereignty over our own bodies.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"115-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The mutuality account of parenthood: a subjective approach to parent-child relationships. 亲子关系的相互性：亲子关系的主观方法。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00198-y

Isabella Holmes, Rosalind McDougall

{"title":"The mutuality account of parenthood: a subjective approach to parent-child relationships.","authors":"Isabella Holmes, Rosalind McDougall","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00198-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00198-y","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulated by development of reproductive technologies, many current bioethical accounts of parenthood focus on defining parenthood at or around birth. They tend to exclude from their scope some parent-child relationships that develop later in a child's life. In reality, a parent-child relationship can emerge or dissolve over time: the parents of person A as an adolescent or adult may be different to her parents when she is a young child. To address this aspect of parenthood, we propose a new 'mutuality account' of parenthood, grounded in the concept of ontological security. We argue that in most cases a parent-child relationship exists if there is mutual ontological security between the parent and child. We suggest that this mutual ontological security is constituted and sustained by shared frameworks of reality and cohesive personal narratives. Our intention is to broaden the conceptual understanding of parenthood, to include parent-child relationships that do not fall neatly into current bioethical accounts, and to argue against the notion that objective physiological, causal, or social ties are necessary to 'make' a parent.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biosafety, biosecurity, and bioethics. 生物安全、生物安保和生物伦理。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00204-3

David B Resnik

引用次数: 0

Deference or critical engagement: how should healthcare practitioners use clinical ethics guidance? 遵从还是批判性参与：医疗从业人员应如何使用临床伦理指南？

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-023-00186-8

Ben Davies, Joshua Parker

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 ethics: unique aspects and a review as of early 2024. COVID-19 伦理学：独特方面和截至 2024 年初的审查。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00199-x

Wayne X Shandera

{"title":"COVID-19 ethics: unique aspects and a review as of early 2024.","authors":"Wayne X Shandera","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00199-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00199-x","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 presents a variety of ethical challenges in a set of arenas, arenas not always considered in past pandemics. These challenges include issues related to autonomy, distributive ethics, and the establishment of policies of equity and justice. Methods are a literature review based on regular editing of an online textbook during the COVID-19 outbreak and a literature review using key ethical terms. Patients are confronted with new issues related to autonomy. Providers need to expand their concepts of ethical issues to include decisions based on proportionality and public health ethics. The public health sector needs to assess the beneficence of alternative modes of disease control. The research community needs to redefine the concept of informed consent in emergent conditions. All elements of the medical spectrum-physicians, scientists, and the community-at-large including the pharmaceutical industry-need to consider the multifaceted methods for preventing future pandemics. This will require giving particular emphasis to public health funding and ending the documented discrimination that exists in the provision of proven therapies. The developing world is especially at risk for most of the ethical issues, especially those related to equity and justice. The ethical issues associated with the COVID-19 outbreak are not unique but provide a diverse set of issues that apply to patients, providers, social groups, and investigators. The further study of such issues can help with preventing future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"55-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contact investigation in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: ethical challenges. 耐多药结核病的接触调查：伦理挑战。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00188-0

Hnin Si Oo, Pascal Borry

{"title":"Contact investigation in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: ethical challenges.","authors":"Hnin Si Oo, Pascal Borry","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00188-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00188-0","url":null,"abstract":"Contact investigation is an evidence-based intervention of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) to protect public health by interrupting the chain of transmission. In pursuit of contact investigation, patients' MDR-TB status has to be disclosed to third parties (to the minimum necessary) for tracing the contacts. Nevertheless, disclosure to third parties often unintentionally leads the MDR-TB patients suffered from social discrimination and stigma. For this reason, patients are less inclined to reveal their MDR-TB status and becomes a significant issue in contact investigation. This issue certainly turns into a negative impact on the public interest. Tension between keeping MDR-TB status confidential and safeguarding public health arises in relation to this issue. Regarding MDR-TB management, patient compliance with treatment and contact investigation are equally important. Patients might fail to comply with anti-TB therapy and be reluctant to seek healthcare due to disclosure concerns. In order to have treatment adherence, MDRTB patients should not live through social discrimination and stigma arising from disclosure and TB team has a duty to support them as a mean of reciprocity. However, implementation of contact investigation as a public health policy can still be challenging even with promising reciprocal support to the patients because MDR-TB patients are living in different contexts and situations. There can be no straight forward settlement but an appropriate justification for each distinct context is needed to strike a balance between individual confidentiality and public interest.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"16-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0