Monash Bioethics Review最新文献_第2页

The provision of abortion in Australia: service delivery as a bioethical concern. 澳大利亚的堕胎服务：作为生物伦理问题的服务提供。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00215-0

Nathan Emmerich

{"title":"The provision of abortion in Australia: service delivery as a bioethical concern.","authors":"Nathan Emmerich","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00215-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00215-0","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant progress in the legalization and decriminalization of abortion in Australia over the past decade or more recent research and government reports have made it clear that problems with the provision of services remain. This essay examines such issues and sets forth the view that such issues can and should be seen as (bio)ethical concerns. Whilst conscientious objection-the right to opt-out of provision on the basis of clear ethical reservations-is a legally and morally permissible stance that healthcare professionals can adopt, this does not mean those working in healthcare can simply elect not to be providers absent a clear ethical rationale. Furthermore, simple non-provision would seem to contravene the basic tenants of medical professionalism as well as the oft raised claims of the healthcare professions to put the needs of patients first. Recognizing that much of the progress that has been made over the past three decades can be attributed to the efforts of dedicated healthcare professionals who have dedicated their careers to meeting the profession's collective responsibilities in this area of women's health and reproductive healthcare, this paper frames the matter as a collective ethical lapse on the part of healthcare professionals, the healthcare professions and those involved in the management of healthcare institutions. Whilst also acknowledging that a range of complex factors have led to the present situation, that a variety of steps need to be taken to ensure the proper delivery of services that are comprehensive, and that there has been an absence of critical commentary and analysis of this topic by bioethicists, I conclude that there is a need to (re)assess the provision of abortion in Australia at all levels of service delivery and for the healthcare professions and healthcare professionals to take lead in doing so. That this ought to be done is clearly implied by the healthcare profession's longstanding commitment to prioritizing the needs of patient over their own interests.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"200-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The immorality of bombing abortion clinics as proof that abortion is not murder. 将轰炸堕胎诊所作为堕胎不是谋杀的证据是不道德的。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00213-2

Gabriel Andrade

{"title":"The immorality of bombing abortion clinics as proof that abortion is not murder.","authors":"Gabriel Andrade","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00213-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00213-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Roe v. Wade decision was overturned in the United States in 2022. This implies that while abortion remains legal in most jurisdictions, it is no longer a constitutional right, thus paving the way for making it illegal. Ever since the Roe v. Wade decision, there have been bombings and other violent attacks against abortion providers and abortion clinics, claiming some fatal victims. The overwhelming majority of anti-abortion activists condemn such violence. At the same time, most anti-abortion activists consider the fetus a person, and ultimately believe that abortion is a form of murder. In this article, I argue that if abortion is murder, then anti-abortion violent activists have moral license to bomb abortion clinics. To do so, I rely on the principles of Just War theory. Ultimately, I rely on a modus tollens argument to prove that abortion is not murder: if abortion is murder, then activists have moral justification in bombing abortion clinics; activists do not have moral justification in bombing abortion clinics; therefore, abortion is not murder. Apart from attempting to prove that abortion is not murder, I also attempt to show the incoherence of the anti-abortion view.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"220-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

All you need is [somebody's] love "third-party reproduction" and the existential density of biological affinity. 你需要的只是[某人]对 "第三方繁殖 "的热爱，以及生物亲和力的存在密度。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00212-3

Diogo Morais Sarmento Madureira

{"title":"All you need is [somebody's] love \"third-party reproduction\" and the existential density of biological affinity.","authors":"Diogo Morais Sarmento Madureira","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00212-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00212-3","url":null,"abstract":"What is the true significance of biological kinship? During the last decades, it seemed to be uncontroversial that abandoned and even adopted people feel the negative impact of biological parents' absence throughout life in several ways (Miller et al. 2000; Keyes, Margaret A., Anu Sharma, Irene J Elkins, and William G. Iacono, Matt McGue. 2008. The Mental Health of US Adolescents Adopted in Infancy. Archive Pediatric Adolescense Medicine 162(5): 419-425.). However, in the case of people conceived via \"third-party reproduction\", especially in sperm donation, the disruption of the kinship network derived from natural bonds tends to be presented as something irrelevant. This article disputes that assumption, explores its relationship with a deconstructivist vision that presents kinship as a purely social construct and defends the personal and existential value of a person's biological bonds with her parents. While analysing the anthropological shift inherent to the way some political discourses present the nuclear family and heterologous biotechnology, it proposes renewed philosophical attention on the significance of filiation and human affinity. This article argues for the density of genealogical ties and defends that the consecration of an individual \"right to a child\", namely (but not exclusively) through the normalised access to sperm banks, is incompatible with the rights of the child, since it deprives people from knowing not only who but also how is their father.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"234-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zero-covid advocacy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of views on Twitter/X. COVID-19 大流行期间的零病毒宣传：Twitter/X 上观点的案例研究。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00205-2

Kasper P Kepp, Kevin Bardosh, Tijl De Bie, Louise Emilsson, Justin Greaves, Tea Lallukka, Taulant Muka, J Christian Rangel, Niclas Sandström, Michaéla C Schippers, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Tracy Vaillancourt

{"title":"Zero-covid advocacy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of views on Twitter/X.","authors":"Kasper P Kepp, Kevin Bardosh, Tijl De Bie, Louise Emilsson, Justin Greaves, Tea Lallukka, Taulant Muka, J Christian Rangel, Niclas Sandström, Michaéla C Schippers, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Tracy Vaillancourt","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00205-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40592-024-00205-2","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, many advocacy groups and individuals criticized governments on social media for doing either too much or too little to mitigate the pandemic. In this article, we review advocacy for COVID-19 elimination or \"zero-covid\" on the social media platform X (Twitter). We present a thematic analysis of tweets by 20 influential co-signatories of the World Health Network letter on ten themes, covering six topics of science and mitigation (zero-covid, epidemiological data on variants, long-term post-acute sequelae (Long COVID), vaccines, schools and children, views on monkeypox/Mpox) and four advocacy methods (personal advice and promoting remedies, use of anecdotes, criticism of other scientists, and of authorities). The advocacy, although timely and informative, often appealed to emotions and values using anecdotes and strong criticism of authorities and other scientists. Many tweets received hundreds or thousands of likes. Risks were emphasized about children's vulnerability, Long COVID, variant severity, and Mpox, and via comparisons with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Far-reaching policies and promotion of remedies were advocated without systematic evidence review, or sometimes, core field expertise. We identified potential conflicts of interest connected to private companies. Our study documents a need for public health debates to be less polarizing and judgmental, and more factual. In order to protect public trust in science during a crisis, we suggest the development of mechanisms to ensure ethical guidelines for engagement in \"science-based\" advocacy, and consideration of cost-benefit analysis of recommendations for public health decision-making.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":"169-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How clinical ethics discussions can be a model for accommodating and incorporating plural values in paediatric and adult healthcare settings. 在儿科和成人医疗机构中，临床伦理讨论如何成为包容和纳入多元价值观的典范。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00222-1

Clare Delany

引用次数: 0

Perspectives on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the frail population: a scoping review. 关于体弱人群心肺复苏的观点：范围界定综述。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00220-3

David Armour, Despina Boyiazis, Belinda Delardes

{"title":"Perspectives on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the frail population: a scoping review.","authors":"David Armour, Despina Boyiazis, Belinda Delardes","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00220-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00220-3","url":null,"abstract":"Frail and elderly persons approaching end of life who suffer cardiac arrest are often subject to rigorous, undignified, and inappropriate resuscitation attempts despite poor outcomes. This scoping review aims to investigate how people feel about the appropriateness of CPR in this population. This review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR methodological framework. A search strategy was developed for four online databases (MEDLINE, EMCARE, PSYCHINFO, CINAHL). Two reviewers were utilised for title/abstract screening, full text review and data extraction. Full text, peer reviewed studies were eligible for inclusion which discussed perspectives in the frail and/or elderly population with a focus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The database search yielded 3693 references (MEDLINE n = 1417, EMCARE n = 1505, PSYCHINFO n = 13, CINAHL n = 758). Following removal of duplicates (n = 953), title and abstract screening was performed on 2740 papers. A total of 2634 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies were included in the scoping review and analysed for data extraction. Five themes emerged: (i) Preferences towards CPR, (ii) Preferences against CPR, (iii) Poor knowledge of CPR/Estimated survival rates, (iv) Do Not Resuscitate Orders, and (v) Decisional authority. This scoping review maps and describes the common perspectives shared by CPR stakeholders in the frail/elderly population. Findings revealed CPR decisions are often made based on incorrect knowledge, DNAR orders are frequently underused, CPR decisional authority remains vague and healthcare professionals have mixed views on the appropriateness of CPR in this population.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A queer feminist posthuman framework for bioethics: on vulnerability, antimicrobial resistance, and justice. 生物伦理学的后人类同性恋女权主义框架：关于脆弱性、抗菌药耐药性和正义。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00192-4

Tiia Sudenkaarne

引用次数: 0

Justifications and acceptability of coercive public health measures in the COVID-19 response in South Africa: a case study of the jurisprudence of human rights cases. 南非 COVID-19 应对措施中强制性公共卫生措施的正当性和可接受性：人权案例判例研究。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00214-1

Safura Abdool Karim

{"title":"Justifications and acceptability of coercive public health measures in the COVID-19 response in South Africa: a case study of the jurisprudence of human rights cases.","authors":"Safura Abdool Karim","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00214-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00214-1","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa implemented a comprehensive response to COVID-19 comprising of several coercive public health measures. As in many countries, COVID-19 measures were subject to a number of legal challenges on the grounds that these measures infringed on individual rights and liberties. Here, courts were required to assess the extent to which these limitations were justifiable against the state's imperative to improve public health. Consequently, the acceptability of different justifications of coercive public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa may be understood and assessed through the lens of its jurisprudence. This paper seeks to outline the approach to allowing, or disallowing, coercive public health measures as adopted by the judiciary as arbiters of allowable human rights infringements and thus permitting or prohibiting the state from exercising coercive powers. Specifically, this analysis aims to identify the principles underpinning the decisions with an expressly ethical lens with a view to providing content for the operationalisation of justifications for coercive state action such as the harm principle, reciprocity, least restrictive means in relation to the promotion of public health and the limitation of individual liberty.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A duty to enhance? Genetic engineering for the human Mars settlement. 增强的责任？人类火星定居的基因工程。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00221-2

Evie Kendal

{"title":"A duty to enhance? Genetic engineering for the human Mars settlement.","authors":"Evie Kendal","doi":"10.1007/s40592-024-00221-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40592-024-00221-2","url":null,"abstract":"Humans living off-world will face numerous physical, psychological and social challenges and are likely to suffer negative health effects due to their lack of evolutionary adaptation to space environments. While some of the necessary adaptations may develop naturally over many generations, genetic technologies could be used to speed this process along, potentially improving the wellbeing of early space settlers and their offspring. With broad support, such a program could lead to significant genetic modification of off-world communities, for example, to limit radiation damage on body systems or prevent bone and muscle loss in reduced gravity conditions. Given the extreme stressors of living off-world, and the need to have a healthy workforce to support a fledgling human settlement, those in favour of using genetic technologies to enhance settlers might even claim there is a moral imperative to protect their health in the face of the unique threats of space travel, especially for children born in settlements who did not take on these risks voluntarily. For some, this might simply be an extension of procreative beneficence. However, ethical concerns arise regarding the risks of embracing a eugenicist agenda and the potential impacts on the rights of future settlers to refuse such genetic enhancements for themselves or their children.","PeriodicalId":43628,"journal":{"name":"Monash Bioethics Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Personal reflections on navigating plural values in the implementation of voluntary assisted dying in Victoria, Australia. 澳大利亚维多利亚州在实施自愿协助死亡过程中引导多元价值观的个人思考。

IF 1.6

Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-024-00209-y

Margaret O'Connor

引用次数: 0