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{"title":"From Fingal's Cave to Camelot by Douglas Gray (review)","authors":"Peter Whiteford","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935353","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em> by Douglas Gray <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Peter Whiteford </li> </ul> Gray, Douglas, <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em>, edited by Jane Bliss, Oxford, Independent Publishing Network, 2020; paperback; pp. 252; R.R.P. £22.00; ISBN 9781838537838. <p>Douglas Gray, the author of <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em>, died in 2017. A brief death notice on the website of the Faculty of English, University of Oxford, rightly described him as 'a giant of his field' who continued to publish 'deep into <strong>[End Page 318]</strong> retirement'—and as this recent book indicates, Gray has continued to 'publish' not only in retirement but posthumously as well. One other affectionate remark from the death notice is worth quoting here too: 'Douglas had not only read everything but had seemingly remembered everything he had read'. Those familiar with his rooms in Norham Gardens, Oxford, might also reflect that he seemingly remembered where he had put everything, however much the state of the rooms suggested otherwise! I quote that second remark because it seems appropriate to the book under review, which is the product not just of a giant of a scholar but of someone who gives every appearance of having read and remembered everything. Equally, one suspects that the vast array of learning on display here is not the product of a search engine (how Google doth make scholars of us all) but of a lifetime's generous reading, a capacious memory, and an indefatigable interest in his subject. And how typical of Douglas (and typically Chaucerian) to describe himself in the Prologue as 'a simple practitioner of the history of medieval English literature' (p. 3).</p> <p>This work is anything but the product of a 'simple practitioner', as is immediately apparent. Ambitious in scope—in the best sense of that word—it is a wide-ranging and vastly learned exploration of its subject. The editor's preface speaks of intervening as little as possible in the extant text 'so as not to destroy the flow of Gray's argument' (p. ix), but in truth (and the quibble is only a minor one) this book does not really present an argument, and in some respects is the more attractive for not doing so.</p> <p>What it does do is set out for us in a section appropriately headed 'The Quest'. At first glance, Gray seems to make a modest claim, offering a 'selective and simple' account of 'the strange afterlife of medieval literature': a small contribution to a larger investigation (p. 3). Two images recur throughout this section—of story and of the journey—and it is those ideas, rather than an argument as such, that sit behind the book and its largely chronological narrative of the 'rediscovery' of medieval literature by succeeding generations of readers, writers, scholars, and critics—the servants, as Gray no","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loanwords and Native Words in Old and Middle Icelandic: A Study in the History and Dynamics of the Icelandic Medieval Lexicon from the Twelfth Century to 1550 by Matteo Tarsi (review)","authors":"Roderick McDonald","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935361","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Loanwords and Native Words in Old and Middle Icelandic: A Study in the History and Dynamics of the Icelandic Medieval Lexicon from the Twelfth Century to 1550</em> by Matteo Tarsi <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Roderick McDonald </li> </ul> Tarsi, Matteo, <em>Loanwords and Native Words in Old and Middle Icelandic: A Study in the History and Dynamics of the Icelandic Medieval Lexicon from the Twelfth Century to 1550</em> ( Studies in Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, 4), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. 332, 1 b/w, 5 colour illustrations, 36 b/w tables; R.R.P. €85.00; ISBN 9782503598154. <p>Matteo Tarsi delivers a thorough and well-wrought linguistic examination of word pairs in Old and Middle Icelandic: word pairs that are comprised of a native Icelandic term and a foreign-derived loanword, where both words have closely related semantics, and where they both appear in close company within the same manuscript. The explicit purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding of the dynamics of the interplay between loanwords and native words in premodern Icelandic, and the part these word pairs play in expanding linguistic creativity in a period before the modern hegemony of linguistic purism, which can be tied to the work of Bishop Guðbrandur Þórlaksson and his publication of the first Icelandic Bible in the late sixteenth century. Tarsi is interested in finding out why the linguistic evidence reveals such multiple terms for the same or similar objects. He analyses word pairs found across a representative selection of manuscripts dating from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries and across ten different generic typologies: religious texts, law texts, treatises, historiography, hagiography, and five different categories of saga (<em>Íslendingasögur</em>, kings' sagas, translated and indigenous chivalric sagas, and legendary sagas). Each of these different text types is dealt with in a separate chapter, except for the last three of the five saga categories, analyses of which are incorporated into one chapter, due to their typological affinity. The analyses are thorough and detailed. Representative manuscripts are selected under each text type category, where possible over a temporal range from the twelfth through to the sixteenth centuries, although in some categories this range is limited. For example, available manuscripts for religious texts range from the early twelfth to the sixteenth, whereas manuscripts for the chivalric and legendary sagas range from the thirteenth to the fifteenth, while the three selected historiographical texts are restricted to the twelfth and thirteenth. The six sagas examined in the chapter devoted to <em>Íslendingasögur</em> date from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and yet these are nevertheless categorised as early (first half of the thirteenth cent","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Sin in Orderic Vitalis's Historia Ecclesiastica: Performative Purgation in the Penitential Parade","authors":"Christopher White","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Orderic Vitalis's 'Historia Ecclesiastica' is an important source for scholars of the Norman demesne in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. The 'Historia' is a chronicle of the history of Normandy, but also details social mores and customs. The 'Historia' also contains wonder tales, and one of these is the focus of this article—the narrative of 'Herlechin's Hunt'. This article addresses a key element of the symbolism of the story that has been largely overlooked by modern scholarship. In doing so, it argues that the narrative is as much about illicit sex and the sexual mores of the monks of Saint-Évroul as it is about anger and violence, as it has traditionally been understood.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"George Chapman's Musaean 'Light': Origin, Primordiality and Priority from The Divine Poem of Musaeus (1616) to Hero and Leander (1598)","authors":"Zenón Luis-Martínez","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Published in 1616, George Chapman's 'The Divine Poem of Musaeus' continued his programme of translations of the works by those Greek authors regarded in the Renaissance as the origins of Western poetry—Homer, Musaeus, and Hesiod. However, Musaeus's only extant poem, 'The Things Concerning Hero and Leander', is a short erotic epyllion composed towards the end of the fifth century ce. This poem had been the source of Christopher Marlowe's 'Hero and Leander' (1598) and of its continuation by Chapman himself in a second edition that same year. The present article investigates the circumstances of Chapman's return to his earlier subject, as well as his assumption of the outmoded hypothesis of Musaeus's identity as 'First of all Poets'. It also discusses the import of this assumption to his theory of poetry and to his practice as a poet and as a translator.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature ed. by Mark Atherton, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan (review)","authors":"Georgina Pitt","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935345","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Mark Atherton, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Georgina Pitt &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Atherton, Mark, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan, eds, &lt;em&gt;Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature&lt;/em&gt; ( Studies in Old English Literature, 1), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. 442; 17 b/w, 4 colour illustrations; R.R.P. €115.00; ISBN 9782503599571. &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature&lt;/em&gt; was awarded the 'Best Book' prize at the biennial conference of the International Society for the Study of Early Medieval England (2023). It is the first book in the Brepols series 'Studies in Old English Literature', centred on Old English literature and its contexts. The book stems from an international collaborative research project between scholars associated with the Department of Letters, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, and the Faculty of English, University of Oxford. The central enquiry of that project (and therefore these essays) is how the pre-Conquest English thought and wrote about the world and their place in it, from the time when Old English was establishing itself as an authoritative language through to the eleventh century. There are fifteen contributors.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The essays are arranged thematically. The first strand looks outward, exploring the relationships between the pre-Conquest English and other peoples and English ideas about the world, particularly those parts of the world considered faraway and alien. The second strand turns inward, considering how the English conceptualised and situated themselves. The essays in this section use the modern theory of landscape as an inhabited space to analyse their sources, acknowledging the agency of the physical environment to shape and reflect mental states and understandings. The third strand pivots from an analysis of how the pre-Conquest English understood themselves to chart the connection between situatedness and concepts of collective identity, of a unified people. This section traces the deployment of the new communal identity of the English to legitimise expanding claims of overlordship outside traditional English boundaries and fuel aspirations of empire.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A wide range of documentary sources is considered: theological texts, maps, Old English prose and poetry, as well as historical sources such as annals and &lt;em&gt;vitae&lt;/em&gt;. Those sources deal with diverse topics: travel and culture contact, migration and conversion, and the grounding of identity in the experience of landscape/seascape/soundscape. Given the diversity of both the genres and the subject matters of the material considered, this collection sits on a spectrum between a handbook and a comprehensive 'last-word' analysis. Some essays focus on an indiv","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero, and; The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero (review)","authors":"James H. Kane","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935351","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero, and; &lt;em&gt;The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; James H. Kane &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Edbury, Peter, and Massimiliano Gaggero, eds, &lt;em&gt;The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;small&gt;i&lt;/small&gt; ( The Medieval Mediterranean, 135/1), Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2023; hardback, pp. ix, 569; R.R.P. €124.00; ISBN 9789004209930. Edbury, Peter, and Massimiliano Gaggero, eds, &lt;em&gt;The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;small&gt;ii&lt;/small&gt; ( The Medieval Mediterranean, 135/2), Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2023; hardback, pp. x, 409; R.R.P. €124.00; ISBN 9789004547582. &lt;p&gt;Few, if any, sources about the Crusades and the Latin East have a textual tradition as complex as that of the various Old French narratives associated with the enormous history of the First Crusade and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem written by Archbishop William of Tyre, who died in obscure circumstances in the period leading up to Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem in 1187. William's Latin text was later rendered into the vernacular, most likely during the reign of King Louis VIII of France (r. 1223–26). Not long afterwards, an anonymous compiler took a separate vernacular narrative of events in the Latin East known to scholars as the &lt;em&gt;Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier&lt;/em&gt; ('Chronicle of Ernoul and of Bernard the Treasurer'), excised that text's material from the period before 1184 (where William's original account breaks off), and then welded its post-1184 content onto the end of the Old French translation of William of Tyre. The product of this textual fusion underlays a rich series of entangled continuations that extend into the final decades of the thirteenth century and are attested in various forms across dozens of surviving manuscripts from before 1500.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;These two volumes, eagerly anticipated by scholars of crusading history ever since the plan to produce them was first signalled fifteen years ago, offer new critical editions of two key texts in the 'Old French William of Tyre' tradition: the aforementioned &lt;em&gt;Chronique d'Ernoul&lt;/em&gt; (i), and the so-called &lt;em&gt;Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation&lt;/em&gt;, an extensive revision of the post-1184 text that was probably carried out at Acre in the late 1240s (ii). Although both texts have been edited before, by Louis de Mas Latrie (1871) and the editors of the &lt;em&gt;Recueil des historiens des croisades&lt;/em&gt; (1859), respectively, the major advances in scholarly understanding of the textual tradition made in the past half-century are ","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 'Roman de Thèbes' and the 'Roman d'Eneas' by Glyn Burgess S., and Douglas Kelly (review)","authors":"Véronique Duché","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935348","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;The 'Roman de Thèbes' and the 'Roman d'Eneas'&lt;/em&gt; by Glyn Burgess S., and Douglas Kelly &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Véronique Duché &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Burgess, Glyn S., and Douglas Kelly, trans. and intro., &lt;em&gt;The 'Roman de Thèbes' and the 'Roman d'Eneas'&lt;/em&gt; ( Exeter Studies in Medieval Europe), Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2021; hardback; pp. 440; R.R.P. £126.00; ISBN 9781800348615. &lt;p&gt;As famously described by French medieval poet Jean Bodel, there are only three subject matters for the discerning man—France, Britain, and Rome the Great. It is on the last that Glyn S. Burgess and Douglas Kelly focus their book. Building on their expertise in the translation of French medieval texts into English, the authors present here the &lt;em&gt;Roman de Thèbes&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt;. 1150) and the &lt;em&gt;Roman d'Eneas&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt;. 1160) to be read 'in conjunction with [their] translation of the &lt;em&gt;Roman de Troie&lt;/em&gt; by Benoît de Sainte-Maure (D. S. Brewer, 2017)' (p. ix). Burgess and Kelly are to be congratulated for having made available to modern English readers the complete trilogy of the &lt;em&gt;romans d'antiquité&lt;/em&gt;, or protoromances, dealing with themes from antiquity, which announced a genre that would later flourish with Chrétien de Troyes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The 'Introduction' (pp. 1–23), organised by themes, gives the necessary historical and literary information while focusing on topics such as 'Poetics from Latin into French'. Burgess and Kelly do not elaborate on the affiliation of the medieval authors with 'the Plantagenet courts of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine' (p. 3), which is still critical to understanding the cultural context of this period 'often called the twelfth century Renaissance' (p. 3). Indeed, these romances, born at the English court, were marked by the political intention of linking the Anglo-Norman monarchy to the great heroes of antiquity, therefore asserting their power and legitimacy. And while Burgess and Kelly state 'the crucial aim of the authors of these early narrative poems: to make available in French works that were written in Latin' (p. 4), they could have further elaborated on the importance of the &lt;em&gt;translatio studii&lt;/em&gt; at this period. As Emmanuéle Baumgartner reminds us, the authors of &lt;em&gt;romans d'antiquité&lt;/em&gt; aimed to make available texts 'whose knowledge was previously restricted to the world of the clergy, who alone had access to the original texts or their Latin and Medio-Latin adaptations, glosses and commentaries' (&lt;em&gt;Le Récit médiéval&lt;/em&gt;, Hachette, 1995, p. 19). The presence, at the threshold of the &lt;em&gt;Roman de Thèbes&lt;/em&gt;, of 'lord Homer and lord Plato, and Virgil and Cicero' (p. 28) attests to the crucial mission of the author: passing on multifaceted knowledge—be it about love, its importance, its nature, its consequences; or about the universe. D","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateran IV: Theology and Care of Souls ed. by Clare Monagle, and Neslihan Şenocak (review)","authors":"Constant J. Mews","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935357","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Lateran IV: Theology and Care of Souls&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Clare Monagle, and Neslihan Şenocak &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Constant J. Mews &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Monagle, Clare, and Neslihan Şenocak, eds, &lt;em&gt;Lateran IV: Theology and Care of Souls&lt;/em&gt; ( Disputatio, 34), Turnhout, Brepols, 2023; hardback; pp. 219; 3 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. €75.00; ISBN 9782503596808. &lt;p&gt;This volume, edited by two scholars interested in the interaction between theology and pastoral care, provides a helpful collection of perspectives both on the Fourth Lateran Council and the dynamic pope who drove its agenda. The Council was only one of several transformative happenings taking place in that year. Yet, as the editors describe in the 'Introduction', the Fourth Lateran Council would wield an immense impact over every dimension of Christian life in the Latin West. In the 'Introduction', Clare Monagle and Neslihan Şenocak also offer a cogent survey of the range of perspectives that have been taken on the Council. In one way, the Council can be seen as marking the apogee of papal ambition to reform pastoral care within the Church. Yet they also observe its concern to reinforce the power and privileges of the clergy within the Church, as well as their right to teach. The various chapters in this volume tend to position themselves somewhere along this spectrum between the poles of authority and reform. They combine to reinforce a message about the importance of this Council in defining both orthodoxy and the direction of pastoral care.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Monagle tackles the tension between these two perspectives in a paper boldly exploring the tension between theology and pastoral care in the official edicts of Lateran IV. The Council was unlike any that preceded it in singling out a single theologian, namely Peter Lombard, as the voice of orthodoxy, defending him against criticisms of his theology that had been made over two decades earlier by Joachim of Fiore. This was a decision with immense consequences for the future of theology; its effect was to marginalise those who sympathised with Joachite criticism of the rising tide of academic theology. Monagle argues that its deeper concern was to define the discourse of orthodoxy within an institution &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 329]&lt;/strong&gt; in which competing perspectives were perceived as potentially undermining the authority of the Church. Her focus on the definition of orthodoxy is complemented by that of Marcia Colish, who seeks to unpack the intellectual tradition that underpinned the official vindication of Lombard's Trinitarian orthodoxy against the criticisms made by Joachim. Her sympathies are with the admirers rather than the critics of Lombard, whom she accuses of misreading his text. The most valuable part of her contribution is to unpack the debt of the official defence of Lombard's theology t","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celts, Gaels, and Britons: Studies in Language and Literature from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in Honour of Patrick Sims-Williams ed. by Erich Poppe, Simon Rodway, and Jenny Rowland (review)","authors":"Roderick McDonald","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935359","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Celts, Gaels, and Britons: Studies in Language and Literature from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in Honour of Patrick Sims-Williams&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Erich Poppe, Simon Rodway, and Jenny Rowland &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Roderick McDonald &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Poppe, Erich, Simon Rodway, and Jenny Rowland, eds, &lt;em&gt;Celts, Gaels, and Britons: Studies in Language and Literature from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in Honour of Patrick Sims-Williams&lt;/em&gt;, ( Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe, 35), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. xviii, 362; 2 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. €90,00; ISBN 9782503598642. &lt;p&gt;When this reviewer had the opportunity to sit next to Patrick Sims-Williams at an International Celtic Congress dinner more than a decade ago he met a personable, encouraging, and erudite conversationalist, a character entirely consistent with the attributes highlighted by editor Simon Rodway in his 'Introduction' to this Festschrift. A highly respected and knowledgeable scholar in command of a wide field, Sims-Williams is now Emeritus Professor of Celtic Studies at Aberystwyth University, Fellow of the British Academy, President of the International Congress of Celtic Studies, and Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy. Rodway also notes Sims-Williams being unafraid of the fiercest of debates in the discipline, and his careful negotiation of the 'cautious road between the Celtomaniacs and the Celtosceptics' (p. xvi). Indeed, Celtic studies are prone to wilful popular misappropriation, and the wide range of contributions in this volume emphasises the ongoing scholarly work in the discipline necessary to further the field and, along the way, help address this. In this context, Sims-Williams stands exemplary, and many of the contributions take his work as a starting point.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In eighteen chapters this volume incorporates a wide array of topics typical of the scope of the field, from many prominent established scholars in Celtic linguistics and literature. As might be expected, these contributions are thorough, detailed, and occasionally very technical. Many also deal with &lt;em&gt;cruces&lt;/em&gt; of scholarly debate at the margins of current knowledge, and these tend to offer theoretical possibilities, rather than conclusive certainties. For example, Máire Herbert titles her work 'Some Thoughts on the Life of Saint Ailbe' (p. 71), Jenny Rowland's exploration of the romanisation of British bards is 'more of an essay intended &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 333]&lt;/strong&gt; to provoke discussion' (p. 113), William Mahon's chapter is 'A Note' on the medieval Welsh poem &lt;em&gt;Echrys Ynys&lt;/em&gt; (pp. 131–38), Paul Russell's examination of late medieval Welsh scribal practice is characterised as a 'preliminary survey' (p. 270), and David Willis's syntactic analysis of conditional clauses in Welsh is a 'preliminary attempt' (p. 289","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mythical Ancestry in World Cultures, 1400–1800 ed. by Sara Trevisan (review)","authors":"Samaya Arguello Gomez","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935365","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Mythical Ancestry in World Cultures, 1400–1800&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Sara Trevisan &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Samaya Arguello Gomez &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Trevisan, Sara, ed., &lt;em&gt;Mythical Ancestry in World Cultures, 1400–1800&lt;/em&gt; ( Cursor Mundi, 35), Turnhout, Brepols, 2018; hardback; pp. ix, 196; 12 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. €70.00; ISBN 9782503580098. &lt;p&gt;Sara Trevisan's book &lt;em&gt;Mythical Ancestry in World Cultures, 1400–1800&lt;/em&gt; is a wonderful exploration of mystical ancestry as a global phenomenon, and looks to understand how individuals and communities take meaning from their history, and how these meanings, in turn, shape their understanding of the past, the present, and the future. The book focuses on the early modern period, where mythical &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 343]&lt;/strong&gt; ancestry was often used to support pedigrees of power, whether by demonstrating intact lineages to important historical figures or by crafting etymology designed to illustrate genealogical links to ancestors.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The book's first chapter by Lisa Balabanlilar, 'The Mythical Ancestry of the Mughal Dynasty', argues that the powerful Chingisids, Timurids, and Mughals actively drew upon ancestral power and charisma to justify their own 'continued imperial aspirations' (p. 29). Genealogy as a tool for social classification is explored further in Jean-Paul Zuniga's chapter 'The Idol of Origins: Myth, Genealogical Memory and Law in Hispanic America', which ties territorial conquest to origin narratives from the Incas to the Castilian elites. The use of genealogical evidence in the creation of identity in Florence is explored by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber's chapter through the perspective of various 'merchant-authors'. These writers often reflect upon their own lineage within the context of the city itself, creating fascinating insights into a city more well-known for the histories of the elites rather than of obscure merchants. Similarly, Jane Hathaway's 'Origin Myths and Ethno-Regional Solidarity in Ottoman Egypt: An Unexpected Finding' sets out how terminology, symbolism, and myth came to reflect rival factions in Ottoman Egypt, offering another perspective on origin narratives.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sara Trevisan's own chapter, an original study on an anonymous genealogical roll that traces the genealogy of King James VI of Scotland and I of England is also fascinating in that it explores the relationship between biblical and mythical ancestors in the context of the political and national identity of both the state and royalty, a theme also found in Ewa Kociszewska's chapter on the construction of French noble identity via the myth of Trojan origins. Borverto Bizzocchi and Ermina Irace's concluding chapter, entitled 'Mythical Ancestry, Genealogy, and Nationalism in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Europe', explores how national identities and nationalis","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}