PARERGON最新文献

{"title":"Emotions Embodied: The Physicality of Style in Elizabethan Epyllia","authors":"Sonia Hernández-Santano","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>The key to persuasion, according to classical rhetoricians, was the transfer of the speaker's emotions to the audience, both through body language (actio) and the ornamentation of discourse with tropes and figures of speech (elocutio). In this light, the practice of rhetorical action and the imitation of the elaborate style of Latin authors became two of the pillars of Elizabethan schooling, on the grounds that the cult of words and the mastery of physical eloquence made competent citizens. Humanist poetics thus coined an analogy between style and the human body, based on the idea that words were as efficient as gestures in creating vivid images of emotion (enargeia). This article suggests that the English epyllia convey the Elizabethan poets' interrogation of assumed rhetorical precepts through the dialogue of two of their most prominent discursive features: the excessive attention to the rhetoric of the body and the accumulation of stylistic resources. Focusing on the Ovidian poems of Thomas Lodge, William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and John Marston, I argue that it is through the problematic dialogue between these two prominent features of Elizabethan minor epic that their authors satirise the humanist reliance on bodies and words as bearers of eloquence.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-Infinite: The Transformations of John Donne by Katherine Rundell (review)","authors":"Nathanael Lambert","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935360","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Super-Infinite: The Transformations of John Donne&lt;/em&gt; by Katherine Rundell &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Nathanael Lambert &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Rundell, Katherine, &lt;em&gt;Super-Infinite: The Transformations of John Donne&lt;/em&gt;, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022; hardcover; pp. viii, 343; R.R.P. US $30.00; ISBN 9780374607401. &lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;Super-Infinite: The Transformations of John Donne&lt;/em&gt;, Katherine Rundell has produced an exuberant account of John Donne's life, catechising on sometimes ugly facts of faith, love, sex, and—ultimately—death. She refines his private experiences and the &lt;em&gt;sui generis&lt;/em&gt; poetry, 'where his words can be […] galvanic' (p. 1), by describing him in his strangeness. The resulting study is of a most singular individual. His life was 'super-autapomorphic', a scientific usage denoting extreme uniqueness (the 'super' is Rundell's; p. 297). Rich in anomalous qualities, Donne's poetry drew others' attention: 'even those who disliked [it] acknowledged that he was a writer who had erupted through the old into the new' (p. 142). Baroque excess, or irregular shaping, played a part, although Rundell does not deploy the term. 'The world was harsh and he needed a harsh language' is her formulation (p. 49). Certainly, life was harsh: 'to be born a Catholic [as Donne was] was to live with a constant […] terror' notes Rundell (p. 23).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A biography's greatest strength lies in its structure. Exhaustingly researched and cleverly capsulised, &lt;em&gt;Super-Infinite&lt;/em&gt;'s chapters make superbly organised scene depictions. A childhood and youth vexed by persecution, with recusant deaths accruing. An Oxford formation—'incurably bookish' (p. 28). A residence at Lincoln's Inn, a foot up for 'rich, sharp-witted young men [not intending] to become lawyers' (p. 43). Adventure: the siege of Cadiz, where Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex's, rashness is mentioned. If 'voyaging had got into his blood' (p. 83) as cited, Donne's return to London was into employment as secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton, Elizabeth I's Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. In this employ, Donne met Anne More, Egerton's fourteen-year-old niece and ward. This love match proved decisive both for Donne and his poetry (think of 'A Valediction, Forbidding Morning', 'The Good-Morrow' or 'The Sun Rising', to name but three). Yet, following elopement it set him back grievously, for his furious employer dismissed him.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Super-Infinite&lt;/em&gt; registers all stages in Donne's life; 'murky' gaps are skilfully threaded with plausibility (see p. 182). However, those chapters that track Donne's domestic life drag in the telling. After his great &lt;em&gt;faux pas&lt;/em&gt;, Donne's unpredictable 'route to preferment' (p. 193) saw him generally in dispiriting unemployment. Conversely, it is revealed that his swelling family—ten children survived chi","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botanists and Antiquaries in the Garden of the Hesperides","authors":"Peter Mason","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>The first recorded instance of the extinction of a plant species through human intervention is that of the Libyan silphium, the last stalk of which was believed to have been presented to the emperor Nero in the first century ce. It took the concerted work of antiquaries and botanists to unravel just what had happened. This contribution highlights the role played by Antonio Agustín in his work on ancient coins, among which the image of silphium was preserved on coins from Cyrene in Libya. The scientific debates of sixteenth-century botanists (Andrés Laguna, Pietro Andrea Mattioli, and others) came to rely, in this case, on the patient scrutiny of the experts on ancient coins.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lucy Hutchinson and the English Revolution: Gender, Genre, and History Writing by Claire Gheeraert-Graffeuille (review)","authors":"Paul Salzman","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935352","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Lucy Hutchinson and the English Revolution: Gender, Genre, and History Writing&lt;/em&gt; by Claire Gheeraert-Graffeuille &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Paul Salzman &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Gheeraert-Graffeuille, Claire, &lt;em&gt;Lucy Hutchinson and the English Revolution: Gender, Genre, and History Writing&lt;/em&gt;, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2022; hardback; pp. 368; R.R.P. £76.00; ISBN 9780192857538. &lt;p&gt;Early modern women's writing has been experiencing a golden era over the last decade, with increasing numbers of fine critical studies, editions, and (with the occasional hiccup) a steep rise in general interest. While a growing acknowledgement of the variety of early modern women's writing has been especially important, with attention being given to everything from recipes to advice manuals, to women's libraries and book use, there has also been a growing sense of the canonisation of some of the writers who fit clearly into established literary and historical categories of worth. Three that I think are especially notable in this regard are Mary Wroth, Lucy Hutchinson, and Aphra Behn, with perhaps Margaret Cavendish and Katherine Philips following closely. Scholarly editions remain a marker of literary merit, however arbitrary that might seem. In the case of Wroth, thanks to Josephine Roberts's pioneering editorial work we have editions of both parts of &lt;em&gt;Urania&lt;/em&gt; and of her poetry, with the &lt;em&gt;oeuvre&lt;/em&gt; completed by the recent Revels edition of &lt;em&gt;Loves Victory&lt;/em&gt; by Alison Findlay and others. Following on from Janet Todd's &lt;em&gt;The Secret Life of Aphra Behn&lt;/em&gt; (Rutgers University Press, 1997) we are now seeing a Cambridge University Press edition of Behn's complete works, headed up by Elaine Hobby. Hutchinson's &lt;em&gt;Memoir&lt;/em&gt; of her husband was well known in the nineteenth century, where it went through several editions, and was edited by James Sutherland in the 1970s and by N. H. Keeble in the mid-1990s.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;With the attribution of Hutchinson's epic &lt;em&gt;Order and Disorder&lt;/em&gt; by David Norbrook, and his subsequent edition (Wiley-Blackwell, 2001), and the attention paid to her remarkable translation of Lucretius, she is now an indispensable example of the entanglement of seventeenth-century literature with the momentous events of the Civil War and its aftermath. Oxford University Press is now halfway through an authoritative edition of Hutchinson's work under the general editorship of David Norbrook. It is in this context that Claire Gheeraert-Graffeuille's detailed study of Hutchinson's &lt;em&gt;Memoir&lt;/em&gt; and its multiple contexts makes an extremely important contribution to our understanding of her as a writer, and of late seventeenth-century historiography in general. This is a very clever book because it manages to make a narrow focus on a single text into a wide-ranging account of Hutchinson, of ","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Amorous Heart: An Unconventional History of Love by Marilyn Yalom (review)","authors":"Bronwyn Reddan","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935366","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Amorous Heart: An Unconventional History of Love</em> by Marilyn Yalom <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Bronwyn Reddan </li> </ul> Yalom, Marilyn, <em>The Amorous Heart: An Unconventional History of Love</em>, New York, Basic Books, 2018; hardback; pp. vii, 277; 32 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. US $16.99; ISBN 9780465094714. <p>The iconography of the heart as a symbol of romantic love has a long history in Western culture. In <em>The Amorous Heart: An Unconventional History of Love</em>, Marilyn Yalom surveys the meaning of the heart metaphor and the development of its visual lexicon from antiquity to contemporary popular culture. Identifying <strong>[End Page 344]</strong> the ancient Egyptian belief that the heart was 'the seat of the soul' (p. 2) as her starting point, Yalom traces an association between the heart and love, and the development of the heart icon, drawing on examples from religious thought, literary and philosophical traditions, decorative and visual arts cultures, and social rituals. In twenty short chapters with black and white illustrations, Yalom's interdisciplinary study focuses mainly on canonical examples of heart-centred discourse and imagery from Western culture, including poetry by Sappho, Ovid, Chrétien de Troyes, and Dante Alighieri; Renaissance art depicting Venus and Cupid; literary texts by William Shakespeare, Samuel Richardson, Jane Austen, George Sand, and Charlotte Brontë; and philosophical and medical theories by Aristotle, Galen, Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey, René Descartes, Blaise Pascal, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. Where lesser-known figures such as Saint Gertrude the Great of Helfta (1256–1302) and Francesco da Barberino (born as Francesco di Neri di Ranuccio in Tuscany in 1264) appear, they are included as contemporaneous examples of otherwise well-known heart-centred iconography: the Sacred Heart of Jesus for Saint Gertrude and the figure of Cupid for Barberino. A single chapter on Arabic songs from the pre-Islamic period focuses on non-Western sources; examples of the iconography of the religious heart are drawn primarily from Catholic devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart of Mary, and Protestant and Catholic responses to this heart iconography during the Reformation. These examples suggest that the book's subtitle, 'An Unconventional History of Love', is perhaps intended to speak more to a popular audience unfamiliar with scholarship on the heart as a significant metaphorical and iconographical symbol. Yalom's engaging style does mean, however, that the book offers an accessible survey of key shifts in the cultural history of the heart as a symbol of multiple kinds of love in Western culture. <strong>[End Page 345]</strong></p> Bronwyn Reddan Deakin University Copyright © 2024 Bronwyn Reddan ... </p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious Transformations in New Communities of Interpretation in Europe (1350–1570): Bridging the Historiographical Divides ed. by Élise Boillet, and Ian Johnson (review)","authors":"Grace May Howe","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935347","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Religious Transformations in New Communities of Interpretation in Europe (1350–1570): Bridging the Historiographical Divides&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Élise Boillet, and Ian Johnson &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Grace May Howe &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Boillet, Élise, and Ian Johnson, eds, &lt;em&gt;Religious Transformations in New Communities of Interpretation in Europe (1350–1570): Bridging the Historiographical Divides&lt;/em&gt; ( New Communities of Interpretation, 3), Turnhout, Brepols, 2023; hardback; pp. 275; R.R.P. €85.00; ISBN 9782503601779. &lt;p&gt;This book, jointly edited by Élise Boillet and Ian Johnson, comprises eleven essays examining various religious transformations over Europe's long fifteenth century (1350–1570). In the 'Introduction', Johnson observes that medieval and early modern scholars, most especially scholars of religious history, often find their respective fields of research divided by the jubilee year of 1500. The purpose of this collection is to reassess this historiographical fracture. Indeed, while this turn of the century has traditionally been described as one of sharp rifts and discontinuity, each contributor uncovers abundant evidence of continuum: 'familiar yet strange composites of continuity and transformation' (p. 19). Johnson proposes that such familiar echoes present throughout the long fifteenth century require the period to be 're-understood as junctures, joins, and meeting points' (p. 19). This observation highlights the need for (and value of) ongoing collaborative engagement between scholars of the medieval and early modern world. &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 306]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The collection opens with Mareen Cré's fascinating examination of Gertrude More's contemplative work, &lt;em&gt;Confessiones Amantis&lt;/em&gt;. Gertrude, an ardent recusant and great-great-granddaughter of Sir Thomas More, crossed the Channel to help establish an English Benedictine monastery in Cambrai. Cré highlights that the very existence of religious communities like that of Cambrai was one way that devout English recusants sustained the memory of a pre-Reformation Catholic Europe. Indeed, having gained complete freedom to perform the religious offices of the medieval church, More and her sisters in religion became extensions of it and ensured its survival for future generations (p. 22). More's transition to monastic life was not seamless. The newly professed nun struggled to observe the Ignatian prayer method adopted by her convent. She struggled too with her monastery's confessor, Augustine Baker. But it was through Baker that More was introduced to the works of Constantin de Barbanson, whose contemplative writings provided not only a source of spiritual consolation and encouragement to the disconsolate nun but also prompted her to embark on her own literary pursuits (p. 22). The &lt;em&gt;Confessiones Amantis&lt;/em&gt; is one example, compr","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chaucerian Ekphrasis: Craft, Intertext, Dispence","authors":"Mike Rodman Jones","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Ekphrasis has long been a topic of interest to literary scholars, but until quite recently medieval ekphrasis has existed on the periphery of most accounts of it. This article explores the distinctive nature of medieval ekphrasis in passages of description in the Middle English poetry of Geoffrey Chaucer. It argues that Middle English poetry was underpinned by a poetics of craft which made later ekphrastic theorisations, especially the concept of the 'paragone'—the confrontation of the arts, especially poetry and painting—problematic. It argues that Chaucer uses ekphrasis as a type of intertextual visualisation, a way of recognising, acknowledging, but also adapting and reworking intertextual materials. Lastly, it argues that Chaucerian ekphrasis worked to foreground the socio-economics of cultural production. By placing Chaucer's ekphrasis in comparison with a near contemporary passage of satirical ekphrastic description in the alliterative tradition, it becomes clear that Chaucer's ekphrasis works to emphasise the centrality of patronage in the creation of both visual and verbal art.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pagan Earl: Hákon Sigurðarson and the Medieval Construction of Old Norse Religion by Nicholas Meylan (review)","authors":"Manu Braithwaite-Westoby","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935356","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;The Pagan Earl: Hákon Sigurðarson and the Medieval Construction of Old Norse Religion&lt;/em&gt; by Nicholas Meylan &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Manu Braithwaite-Westoby &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Meylan, Nicholas, &lt;em&gt;The Pagan Earl: Hákon Sigurðarson and the Medieval Construction of Old Norse Religion&lt;/em&gt; ( The Viking Collection, 26), Odense, University Press of Southern Denmark, 2022; paperback; pp. 264; R.R.P US $30.00; ISBN 9788740834246. &lt;p&gt;The earls of Lade (Old Norse Hlaðir), the area now comprising Trøndelag and Hålogaland, were one of the strongest dynasties in medieval Norway, which produced several well-known figures associated with the Norwegian court. One of these, Hákon Sigurðarson, who ruled Norway from 975 until he died in 995, is the principal subject of Nicolas Meylan's book &lt;em&gt;The Pagan Earl&lt;/em&gt;. Meylan charts the arc of Hákon's political life through an examination of many texts, mostly kings' sagas (&lt;em&gt;konungasögur&lt;/em&gt;) that mention him, emphasising the ways his well-known belief in the old gods informs and frames his depiction. As such, &lt;em&gt;The Pagan Earl&lt;/em&gt; not only &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 327]&lt;/strong&gt; increases our knowledge of one of Norway's seminal rulers but also reflects on the use of the category 'pagan/heathen' as a discursive tool by thirteenth-century Christian authors for whom Hákon was a divisive figure.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Meylan begins with an intriguing explanation of his methodology. After discussing the usual source-critical problems associated with the recording and transmission of Old Norse religion, he introduces the relatively new concept of memory studies, which has proven to be quite fruitful, promulgated chiefly by Danish scholar Pernille Hermann. At this point Meylan asserts his independence from traditional memory studies theories, instead choosing to focus on individual sources as discourses or what he calls, quoting Deborah Schiffrin, 'language in use' (p. 19). The other major methodological consideration Meylan highlights is the use of comparison: in this case of the same story or phenomenon by multiple authors. According to Meylan, such an approach can reveal intriguing insights at a subaltern or subtextual level of a society or individual's conflicting agendas. Finally, Meylan also discusses the kings' sagas' use of skaldic poetry and accords it no special status in terms of veracity, which is an interesting position given that is typically regarded as a comparatively reliable source.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Many of the chapters focus biographically on a central aspect of Hákon's life. These include his divine genealogy, birth, and upbringing (Chapter 1); his father Earl Sigurð's life and subsequent murder and the family's custom of human/animal sacrifice (Chapter 2); and the aggressive campaign to rebuild pagan temples following Hákon's revenge killing of Harald Greycloak (Chapter 4), to","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spenser's Faerie Virtues and the Tautology of Occasion","authors":"John E. Curran Jr","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>This article focuses on the treatment of occasion through the even-numbered books of 'The Faerie Queene', a pattern which constitutes part of the poem's incorporation of logic into moral thinking. Spenser's 'pleasing Analysis' of virtue ethics has two senses of 'Methode', the analytic and the cryptic. Whereas for the humans logic is integrated into how they exercise virtue and advance their own and our understanding of it, the virtues patronised by faerie knights, Temperance, Friendship, and Courtesy, while they use logic, are surreptitiously revealed to depend on circular reasoning. For these more tautological virtues, the cryptical method allows for inversion and redundancy geared both to exalt virtue and to gloss over conceptual limitations in received traditions of virtue ethics. Occasion marks a specific means to observe this hidden circularity.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poetic Theory and Practice in Early Modern Verse: Unwritten Arts ed. by Zenón Luis-Martínez (review)","authors":"Jane Vaughan","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935692","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In lieu of&lt;/span&gt; an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Poetic Theory and Practice in Early Modern Verse: Unwritten Arts&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Zenón Luis-Martínez &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Jane Vaughan &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Luis-Martínez, Zenón, ed., &lt;em&gt;Poetic Theory and Practice in Early Modern Verse: Unwritten Arts&lt;/em&gt;, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2023; hardback; pp. 352; R.R.P. £95.00; ISBN 9781399507820. &lt;p&gt;Zenón Luis-Martínez's useful volume brings together an international team of scholars—recognised and emerging experts in the field of Renaissance poetry—in a series of essays offering fresh readings of canonical, and lesser-known, poets of early modern England. Poets discussed in this book include Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, George Puttenham, and John Dryden, as well as those less often studied, such as Henry Constable, Barnabe Barnes, Thomas Lodge, Aemilia Lanyer, Fulke Greville, and George Chapman.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The volume follows other outputs of a 'Project of Excellence' funded by the Spanish government, broadly constituted to reassess works and examine a new aesthetic of English Renaissance poetry. Focusing on the interactions between historical practice and period theory, the various essays are well situated within a broader international movement concerned with re-examining issues in early &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 325]&lt;/strong&gt; modern poetics, in an endeavour to unearth new insights into what may have been previously overlooked. For this volume, it is a concern with unwritten principles governing the poetic practice of the period, addressing the dialogue between literary practice and the Renaissance theories upon which they were based. The editor's introduction quotes Rosalie Colie, defining the process as a quest to discover the 'unwritten poetics by which writers worked and which they themselves created', which can be discovered from 'real' literature, as opposed to the conscious principles that can be gleaned from criticism and theory (p. 2). A worthy aim. Yet, as in many of the projects in this field, there is a slant towards modern preoccupations, such as the body, matter, and emotions: all of which we find usefully addressed in the volume as popular scholarly themes of late.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The book is loosely divided into three parts which organise its content in a non-prescriptive manner, endeavouring to relate papers thematically, and to one another, in various ways. The three essays in Part I, 'Origen: Poetic Aetiologies', variously investigate ideas of causation and origin in poetry, narratives that might be seen as alternative, or complementary, to those in the formal theory of period treatises. Those examined are, first, principles of divine grace; Joan Curbet Soler's 'Justified by Whose Grace? Poetic Worth and Transcendent Doubt in Late Elizabethan and Early Jacobean Poetry' looks at the principle of gra","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}