Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology最新文献_第3页

Animals in the Funerary Rite of the Scythians on the Left Bank of the Lower Dniester in the 5 th—4 th centuries BC 公元前5 - 4世纪下德涅斯特左岸斯基泰人丧葬仪式中的动物

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.55086/sp233391403

Elena Sekerskaya, V. Sinika

{"title":"Animals in the Funerary Rite of the Scythians on the Left Bank of the Lower Dniester in the 5 th—4 th centuries BC","authors":"Elena Sekerskaya, V. Sinika","doi":"10.55086/sp233391403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp233391403","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a study of animal bones from Scythian burials of the second half of the 5th—4th century BC from the cemeteries “Vodovod” and “Garden” near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The Scythians more often used bull meat (39.2%), a little less often — meat of small cattle (37.3%), and much less often — horse meat (19.6%) as sacrificial food. Horse meat and the hip cut of the carcass of a bull are more often marked in the graves of men; the shoulder — shoulder part of the carcass of a domestic bull were put in the graves of children and women. The vast majority of children’s burials were accompanied by the meat of small cattle, mainly sheep. The use of goat meat as sacrificial food is obviously a distinctive feature of the population that created the cemeteries Glinoe/Vodovod and Glinoe/Garden in the second half of the 5th—4th century BC. The lower boundary of the separation of the anterior and posterior shanks in the carcasses of horses, bulls and small cattle obviously passed along the distal row of wrist and tarsal bones, what can be considered a characteristic feature of the funerary rite of the Scythians in the 5th—4th centuries BC. It is noted that the kind of animal and part of the carcass used as sacrificial food are associated with the sex and age of the buried. It is shown that data on the age of cattle and small cattle, as well as horses slaughtered for use as sacrificial food, can be used to determine the time of year when the burials were made.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114366444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Black-Glazed Pottery with Stamped and Incised Decoration from Underwater Research near Ak-Burun Cape 在阿克布伦角附近的水下研究中发现的带有刻印和装饰的黑釉陶器

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.55086/sp233267287

T. Egorova, S. Olkhovskiy

{"title":"Black-Glazed Pottery with Stamped and Incised Decoration from Underwater Research near Ak-Burun Cape","authors":"T. Egorova, S. Olkhovskiy","doi":"10.55086/sp233267287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp233267287","url":null,"abstract":"Unbroken and fragmented black-glazed vessels were one of the most informative categories of pottery found during underwater excavations by the expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the area of the port of Panticapaeum near Ak-Burun cape (about 480 in total). Items decorated with stamped and incised ornaments, brought to the Bosporus from Attica, Asia Minor and Corinth, accounted for a significant percentage. They date back from the last quarter of the 5th — the second half of the 2nd century BC. The set of shapes and combinations of decorative elements are, generally, quite standard, somewhat inferior in diversity to the pottery finds from the urban layers of Panticapaeum. New impressions that have not been seen before can be identified, as well as identical stamps, which made it possible to cautiously assume the possibility of manufacturing several pairs of vessels in the same workshop. Fragment of a Stemless cup of the first quarter of the 4th century BC with a unique decoration on the inner surface is of particular interest: Silenic masks surrounded by stylized pine cones. There are no analogies to such images, but stylistically, the closest examples come from Southern Italy.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128000535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Some Images of Archaic Coins of Ionia and Asia Minor on Scythian Zoomorphic Bronze Plaques 论伊奥尼亚和小亚细亚古代钱币在斯基泰兽形青铜匾上的若干图像

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.55086/sp23385110

R. Zymovets

{"title":"On Some Images of Archaic Coins of Ionia and Asia Minor on Scythian Zoomorphic Bronze Plaques","authors":"R. Zymovets","doi":"10.55086/sp23385110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp23385110","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the influence of zoomorphic images on the archaic coinage of Ionia and Asia Minor on the Scythian animal style. The borrowing of ancient coin images and designs by Scythians has long been the subject of a separate study. However, as a rule, the attention of researchers was limited to a circle of prestigious things made of precious metals mainly in the second half of the 5 th—4 th centuries BC. As it will be shown in this article, the influence of the Ionian and Asia Minor coinage on the formation of images of the Scythian animal style can be traced at least from the turn of the 6 th—5 th centuries BC and manifests itself not only in prestigious items, but also in quite ordinary bronze plaques, mainly decorating horse bridles. It is proved that in a number of cases, within the framework of the Scythian animal style, there was a direct borrowing of coin images and motifs (the full face of a lion, the motif of a four-fingered clawed paw, composition consisting of three boar heads). In other cases, the influence of coinage on the formation of images of the Scythian animal style seems more than likely (profile images of a cat predator and a lion, the “bird on a fish” plot). It is suggested that the influence of archaic Greek coinage on the Scythian animal style could be associated with waves of Ionian and Asia Minor migrants to the Northern Black Sea region in the second half of the 6 th—early 5 th centuries BC, or with the contacts between the Scythians, Ionians and Greeks during the Scythian-Persian war and the period immediately following it.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129898383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Koloboks” of the “forest” Neolithic: Ceramic Handicrafts of Northeast Europe Foragers (Republic of Komi, Russian Federation) 新石器时代:东北欧洲采集者的陶瓷手工艺品(俄罗斯联邦科米共和国)

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.55086/sp232105118

V. Karmanov

{"title":"“Koloboks” of the “forest” Neolithic: Ceramic Handicrafts of Northeast Europe Foragers (Republic of Komi, Russian Federation)","authors":"V. Karmanov","doi":"10.55086/sp232105118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp232105118","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a comprehensive study of a rattle from the Vis II settlement and a sculpture of a human head from the Vad I/1 dwelling are published. The artefacts were created with mental design and using complex technical solutions if we compare them with other ceramic figurines of the regional Neolithic. The research is based on data from the visual examination, the spatial analysis of the contexts of the finds, the technical-typological analysis of the ceramics, the X-ray computer tomography, the instrumental measurement of the sound volume and the method of analogies. It is established that these unique artefacts were the parts of assemblages of the 6th and 1st half of the 5th m. BC They are associated with contexts whose sacral significance is undefined now. Uncertainty is an inherent part of archaeological record study and does not allow one to conclude reliably about the function and status of the described artefacts in prehistoric culture. The rattle was made for personal use, probably a child’s toy. The miniature sculpture of a human head was part of a child’s, a ritual or a magical doll. But whatever they were for Neolithic man, today they are illustrations of the early history of our toys.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131245904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Neolithic in the Three Age System 三时代制中的新石器时代

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.55086/sp232183192

E. Kolpakov, A. Kiseleva, Evgeniia Tkach

{"title":"The Neolithic in the Three Age System","authors":"E. Kolpakov, A. Kiseleva, Evgeniia Tkach","doi":"10.55086/sp232183192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp232183192","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulated archaeological material and its interpretation demonstrate serious problems in the central segment of the Three Age System (the Mesolithic-Neolithic). The combination of classifications built on different bases has caused a discord in the modern Three Age System and in some regional periodisations. Moreover, the concept of the Neolithic has not only become more complex, but also bifurcated. From an archaeological point of view, epochal changes take place both in agricultural and hunter-gatherer communities. From a socio-economic point of view, this means that at this stage the progress of human society, if related to agricultural practices, is not determined by it. In the Late Stone Age, general technological progress ensures the growth of productive forces and population in communities with different economic and social organization. This thesis is a historical conclusion of high order and it is realized in the Three Age System as a universal epoch for the majority of humankind — the Neolithic. Therefore, it is justified to distinguish the Neolithic in the System as a universal stage, irrespective of the economy organization. At the same time, it makes sense to abandon the pottery production as a main feature in the Three Age System.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133190803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethnocultural Processes in the Territory of Central Kazakhstan in the Late Bronze Age 青铜时代晚期哈萨克斯坦中部地区的民族文化进程

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.55086/sp232291317

I. Kukushkin

{"title":"Ethnocultural Processes in the Territory of Central Kazakhstan in the Late Bronze Age","authors":"I. Kukushkin","doi":"10.55086/sp232291317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp232291317","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of extremely expressive burial sites of the Late Bronze Begazy-Dandybayev culture of Central Kazakhstan launched wider scientific polemics and purposeful studies of this period. The article examines the issues of the alleged cultural genesis of the Late Bronze Age antiquities in the region associated with the large-scale migration of the Srubnaya population from the Volga-Ural region in the middle of the II millennium BC. These processes are reflected in a significant increase in the number and area of settlements with a high population density. Mining and metallurgical and metal-processing production rises to a new level. Horseback riding begins, as indicated by the finds of bone and horn rod-shaped cheekpieces. The conglomerate composition of the population is noted, as documented by materials from household and funerary complexes. Their ceramic collections contain cordoned, Dandybayev, Andronoid and wheel pottery. The connection between the largest mausoleums and the burials of tribal leaders who stood at the head of migration flows is substantiated. Comparison of data on burial rituals, as well as a significant gap between traditional and radiocarbon dating made it possible to divide the entire array of sites into two large ethno-cultural formations corresponding to the Sargarin-Alekseyevsk (15th—10th centuries BC) and Begazy-Dandybayev (11th—9th centuries BC) cultures that partially intersected at the final stage of the Bronze Age.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ceramic Rattle of the Bronze Age from the Olym`ya IV Settlement (the North of Western Siberia) 奥林亚四世聚落(西伯利亚西部北部)青铜时代的陶瓷拨浪鼓

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.55086/sp232119132

L. Sladkova, S. Koksharov

{"title":"The Ceramic Rattle of the Bronze Age from the Olym`ya IV Settlement (the North of Western Siberia)","authors":"L. Sladkova, S. Koksharov","doi":"10.55086/sp232119132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp232119132","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is drawn to a ceramic handicraft in the form of a rattle found at the Olymya IV settlement (the North of the Western Siberia). To determine the age, the archaeological context of the find was considered, in particular, household ceramic dishes lying next to it. It is represented by vessels of the Lozva and Atlym types of the Late Bronze Age. Great importance in dating the Lozva sites have the two models of socketed axes with frontal ears and a spear with incised feathers, found at the Suzgun IIa site in a complex with Suzgun-Lozva type pottery, as well as a mold for casting asymmetric chisel from the Staryi Katysh settlement. The Atlym culture and mixed Atlym-Lozva sites are dated by 14C and ceramics of the Luchkino type (it has a syncretic Suzgun-Lozva appearance). Four ceramic rattles were found in Western Siberia. They associated with the sites of the Bronze and Early Iron ages. In the search for parallels, it turned out that this category of archaeological finds is common in the Old and New Worlds, has a wide range of existence and exceptional variability in use. Historical and ethnographic data collected by Spanish archaeologists make it possible to speak about the polyfunctionality of these items, as well as outline the prospects for research that goes into the plane of numerical symbolism.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115990211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Passions for Children or an Etude on the Supreme Third 对孩子的热情或一首关于至尊三度的练习曲

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.55086/sp2323357

I. Manzura

引用次数: 0

Wheel Transport in Petroglyphs of Huso Mountain in Armenia: a Reflection of Realistic and Mythological Views 亚美尼亚胡索山岩画中的车轮运输:现实与神话观点的反映

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.55086/sp232169182

V. Stepkin

{"title":"Wheel Transport in Petroglyphs of Huso Mountain in Armenia: a Reflection of Realistic and Mythological Views","authors":"V. Stepkin","doi":"10.55086/sp232169182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp232169182","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is aimed to examine petroglyphs depicting wheel transport on stones of Huso mountain in Armenia. The research objectives are to define design features of wheel transport, to determine its cultural and chronological background, to consider the semantics of these images. Semiotic analysis of historical content and analogy was used to cope with the task. Results. The first petroglyph presents a two-wheeled horsed carriage. The wheel transport cut on two other stones is depicted as an element of compositions. The first composition includes the following signs: a two-horse carriage (biga), two anthropomorphous forms, a chaotically twisting snake (a sign of anrta — chaos), two coiled snakes (a sign of rta — cosmic order). The second composition pictures a three-horse carriage (triga), an anthropomorphous form with a tool in hands, a bezoar goat (lat. Capra hircus aegagrus). The described petroglyphs with carriages are dated by the author by the methods of historical content and analogues from 2nd millennium BC. They contain mythological subjects connected with cosmogonic views reflected in Rigveda. The petroglyphic compositions accompanied some certain cult actions directed to advance the cattle-raising cycle coinciding with the summer solstice. As Aryans understood, by the beginning of each seasonal movement of nomadic tribes in the alpine zone, the charioteer Indra, following the cosmogonic plot, defeated the daemon Vritra who had turned water streams of Mt. Huso into snow and ice. Conclusion. The wheel transport petroglyphs on Mt. Huso stones are an important source for study.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128273339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approaches to Taxonomic Determination of Animal Images (Based on Siberian Petroglyphs) 动物图像的分类鉴定方法(以西伯利亚岩画为例)

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.55086/sp232143153

L. Zotkina, K. Kolobova, R. Davydov, S. Sutugin, D. Malikov

{"title":"Approaches to Taxonomic Determination of Animal Images (Based on Siberian Petroglyphs)","authors":"L. Zotkina, K. Kolobova, R. Davydov, S. Sutugin, D. Malikov","doi":"10.55086/sp232143153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp232143153","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the possibilities of taxonomic determinations of zoomorphic rock representations and the significance of these data for further interpretations, indirect dating and other scientific tasks. In addition to the applied method of zoomorphological description on the depicted animal’s exterior features, two approaches to the analysis of proportions have been proposed. The first basic-zoological approach is focused on the animal as a biological object and describes the ratio of animal body measurements according to the zoological standard of body measurements of large mammals. The second comparative-zoological approach requires the selection of proportions that are significant for each particular species, based on the morphological features of the animal exterior features. Both approaches have been tested on a sample of 30 petroglyphs from the rock art sites Kalbak-Tash I and Shalabolino, representing images of wild boars and bears. The obtained data on the proportions were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA), which allowed to verify the degree of differentiation between the images of the two selected species. As a result, we conclude that the comparative-zoological approach as a tool aimed at distinguishing the most significant features for taxonomic definitions of rock images is expedient.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130758549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0