Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)最新文献_第3页

Concreate: Using Data Physicalization to Increase The Understanding and Inspirational Use of Quantitative Data In Data-Driven Design Scenarios 具体:在数据驱动的设计场景中，使用数据物理化来增加对定量数据的理解和鼓舞人心的使用

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-88844

Tiara Spalburg, Senthil K. Chandrasegaran, N. Eikelenberg, M. Gonçalves

{"title":"Concreate: Using Data Physicalization to Increase The Understanding and Inspirational Use of Quantitative Data In Data-Driven Design Scenarios","authors":"Tiara Spalburg, Senthil K. Chandrasegaran, N. Eikelenberg, M. Gonçalves","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-88844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88844","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In today’s world, the advantages of data-enabled design are undeniable, increasing the performance of organisations drastically by informing and inspiring the design process. While organisations seem to be more experienced with quantitative data for evaluative purposes, they do struggle to use data as creative material to inspire the design process. Choosing the right type of data representation is critical for using data for creative purposes. Data visualization has proven to be highly effective in increasing understanding of data, as it is fast, accurate and flexible. Data physicalization, on the other hand, remains unexplored in comparison, especially its effect on creativity. This paper presents the results of two studies (one preliminary and one follow-up study), which explored the use of data physicalization in creative settings. The preliminary study enabled to collect initial requirements for the development of a physicalization toolkit, while the follow-up study investigated its impact on the design process, in comparison to data visualization. From the studies, we developed Concreate, a collaborative data physicalization toolkit designed to lead to creative insights from quantitative data. Our results show that Concreate can potentially stimulate creative thinking, by encouraging intense, tangible interaction with data leading to increased reflection-in-action and a deeper understanding of data. The two studies and toolkit development were carried out at a multinational automotive company, interested in innovating by incorporating data as creative material. Besides the immediate practical implications, we conclude this paper with a discussion on future recommendations for using data physicalization in the design process.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133056631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Facial Expression Recognition as a Measure of User-Designer Empathy 面部表情识别作为用户设计师同理心的衡量标准

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-88924

Aleksi Salmi, Jie Li, Katja Holtta-Otto

{"title":"Facial Expression Recognition as a Measure of User-Designer Empathy","authors":"Aleksi Salmi, Jie Li, Katja Holtta-Otto","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-88924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88924","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In human-centered product design and development, understanding the users is essential. Empathizing with the user can help designers to gain deeper insights into the user experience and their needs. However, capturing real time empathy during user interaction and the degree to which empathy enhances user understanding remains unclear. To narrow this gap, this study aims to explore the use of facial expression recognition during a videotaped user interview as means to capture empathy. Mimicry and synchrony have been shown to be predictors of empathy in cognitive psychology. In this study, we adapt this method to 46 user-designer interviews. The results show that the user and designer show mimicry in their facial expressions, which indicates that affective empathy can be captured via facial recognition. However, we find that the user’s facial expressions might not represent their actual emotional tone, which can mislead the designer. Further, we do not find a link between the observed mimicry of facial expressions and the understanding of mental contents, which hints that the affective and some cognitive parts of user empathy may not be directly connected. Further studies are needed to understand how facial expression analysis can further be used to study and advance empathic design.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123594714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Can I Get a Word In? the Impact of Turn-Taking and Gender on Engineering Design Students’ Psychological Safety 我能插句话吗?轮转与性别对工程设计专业学生心理安全的影响

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90010

Abigail O'Connell, C. Cole, Susan Mohammed, K. Jablokow, Scarlett R. Miller

{"title":"Can I Get a Word In? the Impact of Turn-Taking and Gender on Engineering Design Students’ Psychological Safety","authors":"Abigail O'Connell, C. Cole, Susan Mohammed, K. Jablokow, Scarlett R. Miller","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Psychological safety and turn-taking have both been listed as key factors needed for collaboration in teams to emerge. Specifically, prior work has shown that increased communication in teams can lead to high psychological safety. Prior work on turn-taking as a measure of communication has mostly focused on its inclusivity in a team rather than its frequency. While the gender composition of the team can impact both participation as well as team psychological safety, there is a lack of research at the individual level. As such, this study provides the first attempt at connecting turn-taking, gender, and psychological safety through the analysis of members of fifteen engineering design student teams during the concept generation stage of their project. Specifically, we gathered video data to study how the number of turns and self-turns in a team impact psychological safety at both the individual and the team levels. We also examined how gender impacts participation and individual perceptions of psychological safety. The results found that turns and self-turns have a significant positive impact on an individual’s perception of the team’s psychological safety. However, no such relationship was found at the team level, indicating that there may be additional underlying factors in team level psychological safety. While we found that gender did not impact individual turn-taking, it did affect an individual’s perception of their psychological safety. These results provide quantitative evidence of the role of team communication on psychological safety.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116166501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Rules of Sustainable Design With Compositional Manufacturing 用组合制造探索可持续设计的规律

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90183

Jacob Bjorni, Mahmoud Dinar

{"title":"Exploring Rules of Sustainable Design With Compositional Manufacturing","authors":"Jacob Bjorni, Mahmoud Dinar","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The need for creating new manufacturing methods for sustainability is apparent given the harmful environmental effects of perpetual mining of raw materials. There are two common themes that dominate the work on sustainable design and manufacturing. One is using checklists during design to ensure reusability in the future by designing products with sustainability built into its life cycle. The other is developing design guidelines for designers to follow. The aim of this study was to explore a novel method of sustainable design through compositional manufacturing which enables resynthesizing nonfunctional pieces of scrap or waste material into functioning products. We conducted an exploratory case study with casting, where risers, gates, and miscast parts were resynthesized in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly way than remelting them. To do this, parts with arbitrary functions were created using various geometric properties taken from a selection of scrap parts. Based on initial observations, we identified few heuristics. One of the main discoveries was that groups of scrap parts with greater geometric differences resulted in final parts with more varied functions. The data gleaned from more targeted implementations of this process are required to create a more robust understanding of how effectively scrap parts can be utilized and how sustainable this process is compared to other design for sustainability methods.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125044364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proposal of Defining Exploration and Exploitation in Engineering Design and Evaluating the Degree of Exploration by Natural Language Processing 工程设计中探索与开发的定义及自然语言处理评价探索程度的建议

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-88344

M. Okamoto, T. Murakami

{"title":"Proposal of Defining Exploration and Exploitation in Engineering Design and Evaluating the Degree of Exploration by Natural Language Processing","authors":"M. Okamoto, T. Murakami","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-88344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88344","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, in the field of business administration, the idea that ambidexterity of exploration and exploitation is necessary for organizations to continue to generate value in a sustainable manner has been attracting attention. Although the balance between exploration and exploitation is also considered to be important in engineering research and development and design, research from such a perspective has not been conducted. We have been analyzing the ambidexterity of exploration and exploitation from the perspective of design, and developing a method to evaluate the degree of ambidexterity objectively and quantitatively. In this paper, the definitions of exploration and exploitation in design, a quantitative evaluation method for the degree of exploration based on the definitions, and the results of the verification of this method are presented. The evaluation method is developed on the basis of the definition that focuses on whether the design object has changed qualitatively or quantitatively as a result of the organization’s activity. In this method, words related to the functions of the target product are extracted from the design documents, and their similarity to those in past documents is evaluated. As a result of applying the proposed method to the descriptions of past products, for which the relationship between exploration and exploitation has been clarified, it is shown that the proposed method can be appropriate as an evaluation method for exploration.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117148836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Capturing Designers’ Experiential Knowledge in Scalable Representation Systems: A Case Study of Knowledge Graphs for Product Teardowns 在可扩展表示系统中获取设计师的经验知识:产品拆解的知识图案例研究

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90697

Nicole Goridkov, V. Rao, Dixun Cui, Daniele Grandi, Ye Wang, K. Goucher-Lambert

{"title":"Capturing Designers’ Experiential Knowledge in Scalable Representation Systems: A Case Study of Knowledge Graphs for Product Teardowns","authors":"Nicole Goridkov, V. Rao, Dixun Cui, Daniele Grandi, Ye Wang, K. Goucher-Lambert","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90697","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledge collection, extraction, and organization are critical activities in all aspects of the engineering design process. However, it remains challenging to surface and organize design knowledge in a scalable and accessible manner given it often contains implicit or tacit dimensions that are difficult to capture. Knowledge graphs have been explored to address this issue but have been primarily semantic in nature in engineering design contexts, typically focusing on sharing explicit knowledge. In this work, we explore how knowledge graphs could offer a mechanism to organize experiential design knowledge and afford its use in complex queries. We develop a searchable knowledge graph based on data from a previous virtual product teardown activity with 23 professional designers. Examples of the underlying data within this corpus include descriptions of product components and their purpose as well as participant-determined relationships between these components. To structure the knowledge graph, we develop a schema that uses its constituent nodes and edges to represent design knowledge, relational information, and properties such as the node author’s discipline and the node’s function-behavior-structure classification. We propose and demonstrate two user-driven graph search types — intentional and exploratory — and four data-driven graph search methods, and illustrate through two extended examples their potential to reveal insights and patterns from teardown knowledge. These findings suggest that knowledge graphs can be a valuable approach to organizing and availing experiential design knowledge emerging from complex design activities.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128120551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Potential for a Novel Irrigation System Controller to Be Adopted by Medium-Scale Contract Farmers in East Africa 评估东非中等规模合同农民采用新型灌溉系统控制器的潜力

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-88328

Georgia D. Van de Zande, Carolyn Sheline, A. Winter

{"title":"Evaluating the Potential for a Novel Irrigation System Controller to Be Adopted by Medium-Scale Contract Farmers in East Africa","authors":"Georgia D. Van de Zande, Carolyn Sheline, A. Winter","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-88328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88328","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Food insecurity in East Africa (EA) is exacerbated by the effects of climate change. Water scarcity and high energy costs make it difficult for farmers to increase their yields to levels needed to feed growing populations. One way for countries to sustainably increase food production is to increase the adoption of water- and energy-efficient irrigation technology. Solar-powered drip irrigation systems are such a technology. These systems provide many benefits to farmers who have been able to install them on their fields, but their high costs is one barrier that currently limits its adoption among the majority of EA farmers. In this work, a concept for a novel irrigation controller is introduced and assessed for its viability in the EA market. The proposed controller determines complex irrigation schedules based on local weather predictions and specifics of a given farm. It does this while optimizing for the lifetime performance of the irrigation system, something that existing controllers do not do and something that could lower the lifetime costs of solar-powered drip irrigation systems. The proposed controller communicates this complex schedule to farmers in a way that allows them to continue to use low-cost, manually-operated valves on their fields. This concept is evaluated through storyboard-based interviews with EA farmers and key market stakeholders. The results provide initial positive feedback from these lead users, suggesting that this controller could be a viable product in EA. If adopted at scale, this technology could help lower the barrier to adopting water- and energy-efficient irrigation, ultimately having a positive, sustainable impact on food security in EA.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129418276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Cognitive Costs of Design Tasks: The Evolution of Cognitive Load in Design and Its Relationship With Design Outcomes 设计任务的认知成本:设计中认知负荷的演变及其与设计结果的关系

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-89995

Nicole Calpin, Jessica Menold

引用次数: 1

Hey, AI! Can You See What I See? Multimodal Transfer Learning-Based Design Metrics Prediction for Sketches With Text Descriptions 嘿,人工智能!你能看到我看到的吗?基于多模态迁移学习的文本描述草图设计指标预测

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-91269

Binyang Song, Scarlett R. Miller, Faez Ahmed

{"title":"Hey, AI! Can You See What I See? Multimodal Transfer Learning-Based Design Metrics Prediction for Sketches With Text Descriptions","authors":"Binyang Song, Scarlett R. Miller, Faez Ahmed","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-91269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-91269","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Measuring design creativity is an indispensable component of innovation in engineering design. Properly assessing the creativity of a design requires a rigorous evaluation of the outputs. Traditional methods to evaluate designs are slow, expensive, and difficult to scale because they rely on human expert input. An alternative approach is to use computational methods to evaluate designs. However, most existing methods have limited utility because they are constrained to unimodal design representations (e.g., texts or sketches) and small datasets. To overcome these limitations, we propose a multimodal transfer learning-based machine learning model to predict five design metrics: drawing quality, uniqueness, elegance, usefulness, and creativity. The proposed model utilizes knowledge from large external datasets through transfer learning and simultaneously processes text and sketch data from early-phase concepts through multi-modal learning. Through six unimodal models using only texts or sketches, we show that transfer learning improves the predictive validity of text learning and sketch learning by 2%–18% and 9%–24%, respectively, for design metric evaluation. By comparing our multimodal model with the best unimodal models, we demonstrate that joining unimodal text and sketch learning models further increases the predictive validity of the approach by 4%–10%. The proposed models are generalizable to many application contexts beyond design concepts. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing designs from multiple perspectives for design assessment. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing AI models for design metric evaluation.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126730758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Aerial Robot Design Principles in Creative Idea Generation and Evolution 创意产生和演变中的空中机器人设计原则

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90024

Chee How Tan, Katja Hölttä-Otto, S. Foong

{"title":"Aerial Robot Design Principles in Creative Idea Generation and Evolution","authors":"Chee How Tan, Katja Hölttä-Otto, S. Foong","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Design principles have been developed in many application fields to codify and formalize expert knowledge to increase the likelihood of design success. While there are abundant design principles reported, most of them have not been validated. However, many have been shown to result in more creative ideas, creating variety in ideas and stimulating idea generation and producing novel ideas. In this paper, we analyzed the Efficient Design Principles for Innovative Aerial Robot Design and investigated their impact on the originality of the produced concepts. We assessed the concepts generated between groups with the help of design principles for originality, using the Decision Tree for Originality Assessment in Design (DTOAD) and qualitatively the ideas they helped produce. We report the results of how the originality of the ideas produced varied across (1) domain expertise, (2) problem novelty and (3) idea evolution. The results reveal that the average originality score is statistically significant for a more novel problem, and the originality is always higher for the evolved ideas. Additionally, the results showed no statistically significant differences in the quantity and originality of the ideas between domain expertise for case problems of different novelty. These results support our understanding of the perceived usefulness of design principles for idea generation in aerial robotics design.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121493165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0