Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)最新文献

{"title":"A Study of the Exploratory Creativity Performance Between Machine and Human Designers","authors":"Y. Yin, Kaitong Qin, Huiting Liu, P. Childs, Lingyun Sun, Liuqing Chen","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-87505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-87505","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Exploratory creativity (E-creativity) is used to represent the creative performance behind the exploration process when establishing conceptual space. Researchers have attempted to build computational E-creativity models to help human generate more creative ideas or solutions. This trend sparks the discussion on whether the performance of machine can achieve a similar level to human beings. However, the performance gap of E-creativity between human beings and machine has not been fully studied. This study aims to investigate the E-creativity performance differences between machine and human designers. To be specific, a state-of-the-art model DALL·E is chosen as a representative of machines for generating E-creativity imagery and is compared to novice designers who are the representative for generating E-creativity imagery of humans. Expert designers are recruited as assessors to assess the creativity and E-creativity performance of the collected human and machine data. The experimental results reveal that the creativity level of humans is higher than that of machine. The E-creativity level of machine is higher than that of humans. The textual E-creativity performance is higher than the imagery E-creativity performance of humans while it is lower than the imagery E-creativity performance of machine. The results provide insights for supporting the development of more advanced E-creativity engines and corresponding evaluation methods.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"268 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132858953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Characterizing Cognitive Style Coping Behavior in Engineering Design","authors":"Noriana Radwan, Jessica Menold, Jesse McTernan, K. Jablokow, Christopher McComb","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-91148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-91148","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Problem solving is a crucial aspect of engineering design, and cognitive style, or preferred problem-solving style, is an important way to understand designers’ individual behavior. When there is significant misalignment between the problem frame and one’s cognitive style, it results in cognitive gaps. Large cognitive gaps may hinder effective problem solving. According to Kirton’s adaption-innovation theory, such gaps are managed through coping behavior. However, coping behavior is understudied in the literature, especially when assessing person-problem gaps. We argue that a deeper understanding of these gaps and its resulting coping strategies in problem solving can aid in facilitating effective design. Therefore, the current study was developed to understand how cognitive style and the problem frame impacts solution outcomes; and identify the design strategies and behaviors that are elicited by participants of varying cognitive styles. Through a mixed methods analysis, we found that the problem frame can impact the types of solutions that designers develop and the cognitive experience of their design — where some behaviors indicate the prevalence of coping.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Roles of Expertise and Modality in Designers’ Search for Inspirational Stimuli","authors":"E. Kwon, V. Rao, K. Goucher-Lambert","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90638","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Designers can benefit from inspirational stimuli when presented during the design process. Encountering external stimuli can also lead designers to negative design outcomes by limiting exploration of the design space and idea generation. Prior work has investigated how specific features of inspirational stimuli can be beneficial or harmful to designers. However, the processes designers use to search for and discover inspirational stimuli leading to these outcomes are less known. The objective of this work is thus to better understand how designers search for inspirational design stimuli. Specifically, we investigate how factors such as designer expertise and search modality (e.g., text vs. visual-based) impact both explicit and implicit features during the search for design stimuli. A cognitive study was completed by novice and expert designers (seven students and eight professionals), who searched for design stimuli using a novel multi-modal search platform while following a think-aloud protocol. The multi-modal search platform enabled search using text and nontext inputs, and provided design stimuli in the form of 3D-model parts. This work presents methods to describe search processes in terms of three levels: activities, behaviors, and pathways, as defined in this paper. Our findings determine that design expertise and search modality influence search behavior. Illustrative examples are presented and discussed of search processes leading designers to both negative and beneficial outcomes, such as designers fixating on specific results or benefiting unexpectedly from unintentional inspirational stimuli. Overall, this work contributes to an improved understanding of how designers search for inspiration, and key factors influencing these behaviors.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114848820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRIZ Mapping and Novelty Detection of Engineering Design Patents Using Machine Learning","authors":"Sawyer Hall, Calahan Mollan, Vijitashwa Pandey, Z. Mourelatos","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-89746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89746","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Published resources such as technical literature and patent documents are extremely useful in engineering design and form an important input to methods such as TRIZ. Often, design engineers will investigate these resources when working on new design problems. Aside from getting technical information and even direct design solutions, they may find the design principles used in each patent document a useful design stimulus. Unfortunately, patents are not classified based on such “design useful” characterizations. Using unsupervised clustering and Latent Dirichlet Allocation, this paper investigates four hypotheses using engineering patents in informing TRIZ based design. It first investigates the optimal number of TRIZ topics present in a corpus. Using this information, it attempts to map the TRIZ methods to the individual patents using unsupervised machine learning. Both rejected and accepted patents are then tested to determine if an autoencoder can successfully differentiate between the two, just from the text of the document. The autoencoder reconstruction errors of “Vehicle Brake Control” patents are also examined for possible correlation between reconstruction error and patent citation count. Finally, by combining the TRIZ clustering and the trained autoencoder, we show that high reconstruction error patents may be harder to assign to TRIZ methods than low reconstruction error patents.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"84 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122622984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Proposal for a Prototyping Method Focused on Communication That Increases Economies of Prototyping","authors":"Keita Mitomi, Tomoko Ikenoue, Keita Takizawa, T. Mitsuhashi","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-88231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88231","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, studies on efficient strategies in prototyping have been accelerated in number. Among them, studies on the economies of prototyping, which analyze the relationship between the gained value of prototyping and its fidelity, are being conducted. However, the types of prototyping that improve the economies of prototyping are yet to be revealed. Also, it has been indicated that generating communication in prototyping can lead to performance improvement. Therefore, this study focused on communication during the prototyping process and analyzed the economies of prototyping at a private company. First, the economies of prototyping were explored using 27 prototyping and their gained values and fidelity for the private company. Next, each prototyping was categorized using a prototyping category centered on communication to indicate trends in economies of prototyping in each category. Furthermore, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to grasp the data relationship between the economies of prototyping and communication. Considering the results of the above analyses, we proposed a prototyping method that improves the economies of prototyping. Specifically, we proposed the technique of “prototyping that involves external stakeholders early on in the development stage and shortens expended time” as this leads to enhanced economies of prototyping. This study suggests the possibility of improving the economies of prototyping by consciously implementing “prototyping in a way that reduces the time required while involving external stakeholders at an early stage.”","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127384246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Synchronous Collaboration Improve Collaborative Computer-Aided Design Output: Results From a Large-Scale Competition","authors":"Yuan Deng, T. Marion, A. Olechowski","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-89731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89731","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the growing demand for distributed collaboration for large and complex design in modern engineering, the collaboration inefficiencies of traditional computer-aided design (CAD) tools are increasingly conspicuous. Emerging cloud-based multi-user computer-aided design (MUCAD) platforms bring a new working style for CAD in the form of real-time synchronous collaboration. Little research exists to characterize collaboration in CAD, and specifically the synchronicity of collaboration has yet to be examined. In this study, we analyzed the backend action logs of 101 teams’ design processes from a large-scale virtual robotic design competition, where all designs were modelled in a commercially available MUCAD platform. Metrics of interest were analyzed with regression and mediation analyses to uncover factors that correlated to a team’s success in the competition. Results show that team size is a positive predictor of team performance. Large teams, which tend to see a large amount of time commitment from members, were more likely to perform more CAD actions and achieve high scores from the competition. This suggests that the benefits of collaboration (e.g., economies of division of labor, learning) outweigh the potential downsides (e.g., coordination overhead, free riding) in this context. While controlling for team size, increased synchronous collaboration occurrences were observed to negatively correlate to teams’ performance — a novel finding which we discuss in detail. Thus, we conclude that although large teams benefited from the MUCAD environment, a tendency for synchronous real-time collaboration did not coincide with higher performance. This study provides important evidence in the ongoing design and innovation research fields aiming to better understand collaboration. Future research should investigate the characteristics of effective collaboration strategies in MUCAD environments to develop best practice for the increasing number of design teams moving to such tools.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126794353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}