Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)最新文献

Exploring Partitioning in Subsystem Prototyping 探索子系统原型中的划分

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90247

Zachariah Connor, Bradley Camburn

{"title":"Exploring Partitioning in Subsystem Prototyping","authors":"Zachariah Connor, Bradley Camburn","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90247","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of a novel complex system is often cost-prohibitive. One reason for this, is that system-level performance can typically only be evaluated once all subsystems have been designed; and therefore, it is difficult to iterate on full system prototypes. Subsystem isolation is a well-established prototyping method to enable efficient design at both the system and subsystem levels. In this process, a complex system is partitioned into manageable subsystems that are subsequently designed in detail. Subsystem isolation permits rapid, low-cost iteration which is known as a critical driver of prototype performance. This paper provides an exploration of the role of partitioning in subsystem isolation prototyping through a review of methods and an applied case study. The paper reviews two topics related to subsystem isolation prototyping: 1) partitioning approaches and 2) strategies for iteration at the system versus subsystem level. Methods from design theory, systems engineering, and multi-domain optimization are reported. The case study explored subsystem prototyping in the design and construction of an electric in space propulsion test facility utilized in DoD research. The case study is used to demonstrate the processes involved in system partitioning methods and subsystem level design. These approaches allow designers to efficiently explore options for architecture-level design, without expending unnecessary resources on iterations of the integrated system.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123733415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Do We Mean When We Write About Ethics, Equity, and Justice in Engineering Design? 当我们写工程设计中的道德、公平和公正时，我们的意思是什么?

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-87373

Madhurima Das, Gillian J. Roeder, Anastasia K. Ostrowski, Maria C. Yang, Aditi Verma

{"title":"What Do We Mean When We Write About Ethics, Equity, and Justice in Engineering Design?","authors":"Madhurima Das, Gillian J. Roeder, Anastasia K. Ostrowski, Maria C. Yang, Aditi Verma","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-87373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-87373","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering design often requires engaging with users, clients, and stakeholders of products and systems. It is therefore important for designers to reflect on the societal and environmental implications of their design work so that they can design equitably, ethically, and justly. We conduct a review of three leading scholarly engineering design venues to investigate how, when, and why these terms — “ethics,” “equity,” and “justice,” and variations — appear in the engineering design literature and what scholars mean when they use them. We find that these terms are minimally present within the field’s scholarship and posit that design researchers may be using other terms to refer to their work that is aligned with principles of ethics, equity, and justice. We find that the prevalence of these terms has increased over time and that the terms come up throughout various stages of the design process. There appear to be a variety of motivations for including these terms, notably, sustainability and education of the next generation of designers. Finally, we propose an expanded design justice framework that is specific to engineering design. We encourage designers in our field to adopt this framework to assist them in thinking through how their engineering design work can be used to advance justice.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124674012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Investigation of Mechanical Engineering Students’ Perceptions of Design Process Models 机械工程专业学生对设计过程模型认知的调查

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-88445

K. Dugan, S. Daly

{"title":"Investigation of Mechanical Engineering Students’ Perceptions of Design Process Models","authors":"K. Dugan, S. Daly","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-88445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88445","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Engineering designers, who are increasingly tasked with solving complex problems, leverage various forms of support to practice and develop their design skills as well as ultimately navigate the complexity of the problems with which they are faced. Design process models are one such form of support, particularly those process models that prescribe how to design. To better understand how process models impact design approaches, this preliminary study analyzed semi-structured interviews — focused on participants’ perceptions of three design process models — with six upper-level mechanical engineering students. Across participants’ responses, we identified eight dimensions used to distinguish the usefulness of each process model: impacts considered, project scope, stakeholder interactions, problem definition, project deliverable, solution novelty, solution type, and process applicability. In addition, participants differentiated the three process models based on iteration and the level of detail within a model. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for varying interpretations across process model users and suggest that students would benefit from multiple design process models, including process models that recognize society and people in engineering decision-making.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130623495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring Risk Attitudes for Strategic Decision-Making in a Collaborative Engineering Design Process 在协同工程设计过程中衡量战略决策的风险态度

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90216

Alkim Z. Avsar, Jordan L. Stern, P. Grogan

{"title":"Measuring Risk Attitudes for Strategic Decision-Making in a Collaborative Engineering Design Process","authors":"Alkim Z. Avsar, Jordan L. Stern, P. Grogan","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90216","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper evaluates a questionnaire-based risk attitude assessment method to quantify individual risk attitudes for strategic, multi-actor design decisions. A lottery-equivalence questionnaire elicits a utility curve for risky payoffs which is fit to a Constant Absolute Risk Aversion (CARA) model. Secondary data from a multi-actor design experiment provides observations of strategic decisions in two-actor design games for validation. 124 participants complete the risk attitude questionnaire and a series of 29 experimental tasks. Assuming participants follow the risk dominance equilibrium selection criterion, a risk-neutral utility function accurately predicts 62.2% of decisions. Incorporating risk attitudes elicited from the questionnaire only increases the accuracy to 63.3% while incorporating risk attitudes inferred from observations increases the accuracy to 77.5%. While participants exhibit differential risk attitudes in design tasks, results show the lottery-equivalent questionnaire does not provide risk attitudes consistent with strategic design decisions. Results support findings that risk in the engineering domain is contextual. This paper concludes that risk attitude is an important factor in understanding strategic decisions in interactive engineering design settings and understanding risk attitudes can help create more efficient design processes.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131956423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Does Empathising With Users Contribute to Better Need Finding? 同情用户是否有助于更好地找到需求?

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-89413

Jie Li, Katja Hölttä-Otto

{"title":"Does Empathising With Users Contribute to Better Need Finding?","authors":"Jie Li, Katja Hölttä-Otto","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-89413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89413","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In user-centered product design, empathizing with users is an effective way to step into their shoes. Ideally, it helps designers understand user needs better and in more depth. However, the degree to which accurate empathic understanding contributes to needfinding and what exactly constitutes a ‘good’ need remain unclear. In this study, 13 designers watched a standard stimulus contextual user interview, performed an empathic accuracy task, and identified user needs based on the video. The needs identified from all participants were affinitized and summarized into a set of 23 user needs. They were scored for overall need quality, consisting of importance and satisfaction with current solutions as well as for need depth and latency. Designers’ empathic understanding was measured as the accuracy with which they could infer users’ mental contents and emotional tone. The designers’ emotional tone accuracy correlated with their performance in identifying important unfulfilled needs and needs where the users were most satisfied with existing solutions. However, no correlations were found for the empathic understanding of mental contents. In addition, need depth or latency was not found to correlate with any empathic understanding measure. These results are among the first to link empathy and designers’ performance in needfinding, but further studies are necessary to replicate and validate the results.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133988297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Visual Reasoning for Design by Analogy: Fuse Visual and Semantic Knowledge 类比设计的视觉推理:融合视觉和语义知识

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-89723

Yan Jin, Zijian Zhang

{"title":"Visual Reasoning for Design by Analogy: Fuse Visual and Semantic Knowledge","authors":"Yan Jin, Zijian Zhang","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-89723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89723","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Design by analogy is a design ideation strategy to find inspiration from source domains to generate design concepts in target domains. Recently, many computational methods were proposed to measure similarities between source domains and target domains to build connections between them. However, most existing methods only explore either visual or semantic cues of the concepts in source and target domains but ignore the integration of both modalities. In fact, humans have remarkable visual reasoning ability to transfer knowledge learned from objects in familiar categories (source domains) to recognize objects from unfamiliar categories (target domains). In this paper, we propose a visual reasoning framework to support design by visual analogy. The challenge of this research is how computation methods can mimic the process of humans’ visual reasoning, which fuses visual and semantic knowledge. In the framework, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to learn visual knowledge from objects in familiar categories. The hierarchy-based graph convolutional network (HGCN) is proposed to transfer learned visual knowledge from familiar categories to unfamiliar categories by their semantic distances. Finally, the unfamiliar objects can be reasoned and recognized based on the transferred visual knowledge. Extensive experimental results on one mechanical component benchmark dataset demonstrate the favorable performance of our proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115541168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deriving Recommendations for the Use of Agent-Based Models in Engineering Design 基于主体的模型在工程设计中的应用建议

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90961

M. Agyemang, Noriana Radwan, Sierra Hicks, Fariha Azhar, Ambrosio Valencia-Romero, Christopher McComb

{"title":"Deriving Recommendations for the Use of Agent-Based Models in Engineering Design","authors":"M. Agyemang, Noriana Radwan, Sierra Hicks, Fariha Azhar, Ambrosio Valencia-Romero, Christopher McComb","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90961","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a widely used simulation methodology. The use of ABM in engineering design continues to grow due to increasing interest in modeling and simulating human systems. However, there are few resources specific to engineering design that guide how to develop an ABM, execute an ABM experiment, and assess the subsequent results. This inhibits the effective use of ABM by design researchers who are new to the methodology. The goal of this paper is to provide a resource for both novice and experienced design researchers that details a systematic approach to ABM. First, this paper reviews current ABM research in engineering design, with a specific focus on models used to simulate human systems. Specifically, we review this work with respect to a step-by-step approach to modeling developed in the systems simulation literature. Second, each of the steps is contextualized with respect to the literature review, identifying heuristics and best practices. Through this contextualization, gaps in current practice are also identified.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126760373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep Learning of Cross-Modal Tasks for Conceptual Design of Engineered Products: A Review 工程产品概念设计中跨模态任务的深度学习研究综述

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90696

Xingang Li, Ye Wang, Z. Sha

{"title":"Deep Learning of Cross-Modal Tasks for Conceptual Design of Engineered Products: A Review","authors":"Xingang Li, Ye Wang, Z. Sha","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90696","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Conceptual design is the foundational stage of a design process, translating ill-defined design problems to low-fidelity design concepts and prototypes. While deep learning approaches are widely applied in later design stages for design automation, we see fewer attempts in conceptual design for three reasons: 1) the data in this stage exhibit multiple modalities: natural language, sketches, and 3D shapes, and these modalities are challenging to represent in deep learning methods; 2) it requires knowledge from a larger source of inspiration instead of focusing on a single design task; and 3) it requires translating designers’ intent and feedback, and hence needs more interaction with designers and/or users. With recent advances in deep learning of cross-modal tasks (DLCMT) and the availability of large cross-modal datasets, we see opportunities to apply these learning methods to the conceptual design of product shapes. In this paper, we review 30 recent journal articles and conference papers across computer graphics, computer vision, and engineering design fields that involve DLCMT of three modalities: natural language, sketches, and 3D shapes. Based on the review, we identify the challenges and opportunities of utilizing DLCMT in 3D shape concepts generation, from which we propose a list of research questions pointing to future research directions.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115802816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Effect of Leveraging Function-Sharing on System Modularity 利用功能共享对系统模块化的影响

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-90728

Devesh Bhasin, D. McAdams

{"title":"The Effect of Leveraging Function-Sharing on System Modularity","authors":"Devesh Bhasin, D. McAdams","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-90728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90728","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work analyzes the change in the modularity of engineered systems upon leveraging function-sharing in the systems. Function-sharing refers to the simultaneous implementation of multiple functions by a single component. Leveraging function-sharing reduces the number of components constituting a system, and leads to improvements in the system’s performance characteristics. However, leveraging function-sharing in a system’s design is often presumed to decrease the system’s modularity and, consequently, inhibit the design benefits of maintaining a high system modularity. This work performs a simulation-based analysis to show that leveraging function-sharing may not necessarily decrease a system’s modularity. The change in a system’s modularity upon leveraging function-sharing is shown to be dependent upon the initial modularity of the system, the strength of inter-dependencies between the components that are combined to leverage function-sharing, and the strength of interactions between the teams designing the system modules. The analysis is performed by generating a sample set of hypothetical modular systems, and modeling them as undirected networks. Function-sharing is then simulated in the sample systems, and the change in the modularity of the systems upon implementing function-sharing is quantified using an existing modularity metric. The information presented in this work can support the design of systems that can simultaneously leverage function-sharing and exhibit a high modularity.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125599432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational Patterns of Team Interactions and Associations With Conflict Within New Product Development Teams 新产品开发团队中团队互动与冲突关联的计算模式

Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.1115/detc2022-88204

S. Sitarama, A. Agogino

{"title":"Computational Patterns of Team Interactions and Associations With Conflict Within New Product Development Teams","authors":"S. Sitarama, A. Agogino","doi":"10.1115/detc2022-88204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88204","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 New Product Development involves team members coming together and working in teams to come up with innovative solutions to problems resulting in new products. They need to be creative as a team, debate extensively and come up with a breadth of ideas to solve the given customer need and problem. They also need to be very efficient in their teamwork and work cohesively. These two traits require the teams to have a divergent and a convergent thinking simultaneously. There needs to be a good balance. The team dynamics invariably result in conflicts among team members. While some amount of conflict (ideational conflict) is desirable in NPD teams to be creative as a group, relational conflicts (or discords among members) could be detrimental to teamwork. Team communication truly reflects these tensions and team dynamics. In this research study and paper, we explore the social network analysis of team communication to define and identify computational patterns of interaction and compare them with team’s assessed conflict level.\u0000 We’ve identified and defined four distinctive patterns of interaction (Central member pattern, Subgroup and Aloof member pattern, Isolate member pattern and Pendant pattern). These patterns are then correlated to the level of conflict in teams. The patterns are found to capture the signatures of high and low to medium conflict in teams with a high level of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":435428,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6: 34th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology (DTM)","volume":"605 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131985862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1