Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )最新文献_第3页

The Use of Cyclin-Dependent Tyrosine Kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) Inhibitors in Breast Cancer 细胞周期蛋白依赖性酪氨酸激酶4/6 (CDK4/6)抑制剂在乳腺癌中的应用

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.79

Mayyadah Mahmood Ali, N. Mahmood

{"title":"The Use of Cyclin-Dependent Tyrosine Kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) Inhibitors in Breast Cancer","authors":"Mayyadah Mahmood Ali, N. Mahmood","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.79","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer has the highest prevalence of all cancers in females, with roughly 2.26 million new cases diagnosed and an estimated 0.68 million deaths/year. Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) or human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER2-) illness affects the vast majority of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Endocrine therapy (ET) with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is the preferred first-line choice for this subpopulation. However, because most patients developed tolerance to these medications, demand for alternate endocrine regimens has surged. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is proving to be a success in resistant patients as well as a first-line treatment. This review article highlights the current indications for CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer that have been approved by the FDA. The literature search was confined to the years 2015 to 2020, and 27 articles and 6 studies were chosen for further research from a large number of publications. In hormone receptor-positive, HR RC+, HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer (ABC/MBC) patients, the use of currently available CDK4/6 inhibitors, either alone (abemaciclib) or in combination with endocrine therapy (Palbociclib and Ribociclib), showed a beneficial effect when compared to endocrine therapy alone. The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors resulted in longer progression-free survival (PFS), greater clinical benefit rates (CBR), and an overall response rate (ORR), as well as an overall survival (OS) advantage in patients previously treated with endocrine treatment (ET).","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115276587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Overview of the Role of Senescence in Cancer 衰老在癌症中的作用综述

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.77

I. Al-Janabi

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Eating Disorders among Medical Students in Baghdad, Iraq 评估伊拉克巴格达医科学生的饮食失调

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.75

A. Shanshal, S. Hussain, Mustafa Sameer Mahmoud, M. Saleh, Omar Abdulwahid Salih

{"title":"Evaluating Eating Disorders among Medical Students in Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"A. Shanshal, S. Hussain, Mustafa Sameer Mahmoud, M. Saleh, Omar Abdulwahid Salih","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.75","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eating disorders represent a psychological problem characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and related emotions and thoughts. Aim: The study aims to assess the prevalence of eating disorders among medical students in Baghdad, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in medical departments that include medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy disciplines from January 2021 to March 2021 using an English version of a structured questionnaire. About 552 medical students participated in this study. Results: The study showed that in some individuals with normal Body Mass Index values, 64.47% suffered from eating disorders as diagnosed by EAT-26 while according to SCOFF, 23.5% of normal individuals suffer from eating disorders. Overweight individuals are more likely to have eating disorders than underweight individuals. According to SCOFF, 33.44% of the overweight and 4.18% of underweight individuals scored above the cutoff value. They were likely to have eating disorders. Similarly, in accordance to EAT-26, 19.70% of the overweight individuals and 9.48% of the underweight individuals were likely to have eating disorders. Conclusion: Many Iraqi medical students are predisposed to having eating disorders, with females being more vulnerable than males. To reduce the frequency of eating disorders among Iraqi medical students, a variety of initiatives and strategies are required.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117176212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on the Efficacy and Toxicity of Pemetrexed in the Management of Advanced Stage Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 补充叶酸和维生素B12对培美曲塞治疗晚期非鳞状非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒性的影响

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.71

Dastan salim Hassan, Hemin Jumaa Hasary

{"title":"Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on the Efficacy and Toxicity of Pemetrexed in the Management of Advanced Stage Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"Dastan salim Hassan, Hemin Jumaa Hasary","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.71","url":null,"abstract":"Pemetrexed (PMT) is a multi-target antifolate that has been confirmed for the treatment of lung cancer. It has significantly boosted the survival rate of patients with non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Multiple Phase II clinical trials have demonstrated that pemetrexed is an effective monotherapy for a range of solid tumors, including colorectal, breast, neck, and head malignancies. Methods for consolidating pemetrexed with other chemotherapeutics and novel molecularly targeted drugs are currently under investigation. Pemetrexed is currently recommended for first-line dose management with platinum chemotherapies, second-line monotherapy drugs, and, in modern chemotherapy protocols, as continuation therapy following first-line therapy. Vitamin B12 (VB12) and folic acid (FA) supplements can aid to minimize the cytotoxicity of pemetrexed. FA/VB12 has been suggested to have an antagonistic effect on pemetrexed's efficacy. Patients who accept FA/VB12 have a higher tolerance for PMT and a longer lifespan. In this study, the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of pemetrexed were studied, as well as the implications of FA/VB12 as a co-medication with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125311936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship Between Exercise Training and Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients 心力衰竭患者运动训练与生活质量的关系

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v2i.73

Mohammed Hakim Al-Hchaim, A. M. Abdullah, Diaa k. Abd Ali

{"title":"Relationship Between Exercise Training and Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients","authors":"Mohammed Hakim Al-Hchaim, A. M. Abdullah, Diaa k. Abd Ali","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v2i.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v2i.73","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heart failure (HF) is a growing disease that affects up to 6.5 million Americans and greatly contributes to the rising expense of health care. HF affects almost 23 million individuals worldwide. Exercise training increased patients' quality of life (QoL) and may be connected with lower morbidity and mortality. Aim: To assess the association between exercise training and QoL in HF patients. Methods: We examined databases from 2008 to 2019 for research that looked at the association between exercise training and QoL in HF patients. For the analysis, eight controlled studies that met the inclusion criteria were chosen. The study's characteristics, as well as data on QoL in HF patients, exercise training, and aerobic capacity, were extracted and examined. Results: The investigation showed a more positive effect of the training exercise on patients' QoL after heart failure. Conclusion: Regular 30-minute exercise training three times a week for eight weeks is an effective strategy to improve all QoL aspects in individuals with chronic heart failure caused by various etiologies. These exercises had to be modified based on the patients' age and functional capacity.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133680985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk Factors and Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease: Narrative Review 慢性肾脏疾病的危险因素和并发症:综述

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v2i.68

Ahmed Lateef Alkhaqani

{"title":"Risk Factors and Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease: Narrative Review","authors":"Ahmed Lateef Alkhaqani","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v2i.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v2i.68","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with several adverse clinical outcomes, such as cardiovascular events, kidney failure requiring renal replacement therapy, mortality, and poor quality of life for survivors in general. CKD is a slow and progressive loss of kidney function over several years and may ultimately lead to the development of kidney failure. CKD has become a serious public health issue. Although cardiovascular disease, family history of CKD, and certain ethnic and racial backgrounds are important predictors of CKD risk, they do not contribute significantly beyond the scope of diabetes, hypertension, and older age. The number of CKD patients will continue to rise, reflecting the growing elderly population and increasing numbers of patients with diabetes and hypertension. As the number of CKD patients increases, primary care practitioners will be confronted with the management of the complex medical problems unique to patients with chronic renal impairment. As well documented in the literature, the nephrologist rarely manages the medical needs of CKD patients until renal replacement therapy is required. Whereas the symptoms of CKD in diabetes are few, many risk factors and biomarkers can be used to identify individuals at high risk for developing this condition. This article highlights the effect of risk factors and complications associated with chronic kidney disease at its various stages.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117057259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Influence of Utero-cervical Angle and Cervical Length on Labor Induction 子宫宫颈角和宫颈长度对引产的影响

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v2i.74

U. Alnakkash, Israa Abdul-Kadhum, A. A. Hussein

{"title":"Influence of Utero-cervical Angle and Cervical Length on Labor Induction","authors":"U. Alnakkash, Israa Abdul-Kadhum, A. A. Hussein","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v2i.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v2i.74","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Successful labor induction is clearly related to the state of the cervix. The utero-cervical angle and cervical length represent novel ultrasonographic markers. Aim: To assess the relationship between utero-cervical angle and cervical length and satisfactory response to labor induction. Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted in Al-Elwyia Maternity Teaching Hospital for a period of six months; 100 cases were enrolled in the study, and a pre-labor induction measurement of utero-cervical angle and cervical length using transvaginal ultrasound scanning was followed up till the end of labor to estimate the rate of success of induction of labor. Results: 65 patients had successful induction of labor and 35 failed to do so. No differences were found in demographic data and previous obstetric history. Short cervical length and wide utero-cervical angle were found in successful induction of labor. A significant negative correlation was found between utero-cervical angle and labor duration. At the cutoff point of 97.5 degrees of utero-cervical angle, the sensitivity was 83.12%, specificity was 71.4%, positive predictive value was 84.38%, negative predictive value was 69.45% and the accuracy was 88%. At a cutoff point of less than 29.5 mm of cervical length, the sensitivity was 92.3%, specificity was 80%, positive predictive value was 89.55%, negative predictive value was 84.84% and the accuracy was 88%. Conclusion: Utero-cervical angle and cervical length may be independent predictors of successful induction of labor.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"117 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126406556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies (STROBE) Statement Guideline in Nursing Studies: Analytical Review 加强观察性研究报告(STROBE)声明指南在护理研究中的应用:分析综述

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v2i.66

Ahmed Lateef Alkhaqani

{"title":"Application of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies (STROBE) Statement Guideline in Nursing Studies: Analytical Review","authors":"Ahmed Lateef Alkhaqani","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v2i.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v2i.66","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were created to aid the author in ensuring a high-quality presentation of the conducted observational study. Objective: Applying the STROBE statement guideline checklist to evaluate the quality of nursing studies and observational reporting. Methods: Analytical review of literature based on previous studies and reviews derived from Scopus, PubMed, and Medline databases concerning STROBE statement guidelines. The data collection was conducted from December 2020 to April 2021. These studies were collected and filtered according to the specific criteria and used keywords such as STROBE, nursing studies, evidence-based nursing practice, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional and observational studies, as well as articles from the National Library of Medicine. Results: Few papers have been published that demonstrate an appreciation of STROBE, but their descriptive features do not seem appropriate for nursing publications. In comparison to STROBE, relatively few papers mentioned primary sources or other information regarding the selection process for study participants and the observation time frame. Conclusion: Despite the widespread availability of reporting guidelines in both medical and nursing fields, many researchers do not follow them.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124881094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chemotherapy-Induced Extravasation Injury: Classification and Management 化疗引起的外渗损伤:分类与处理

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v2i.64

Dastan salim Hassan, Hemin Jumaa Hasary

引用次数: 3

Renal Toxicity of Tenofovir: Narrative Review 替诺福韦的肾毒性:叙述性综述

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v2i.63

Harzhin Hiwa Ali, T. Aziz

{"title":"Renal Toxicity of Tenofovir: Narrative Review","authors":"Harzhin Hiwa Ali, T. Aziz","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v2i.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v2i.63","url":null,"abstract":"Tenofovir is a reverse-transcriptase inhibitor based on acyclic nucleotide analogs. Tenofovir is a drug that is often used in treating HIV infection and has also been approved for treating infection by the hepatitis B virus. Despite the fact that its renal safety has been demonstrated in cell culture and clinical trials, clinical use and in vivo animal studies have shown its association with a low, but important, risk of kidney injury. Tenofovir accumulation in these mitochondria-rich cells is explained by proximal tubular cell secretion. Proximal tubular cell dysfunction is a symptom of Tenofovir nephrotoxicity, which might be the leading cause of acute renal injury or chronic diseases of the kidney. A review of articles is performed using keywords related to the topic in the databases of Google Scholar and PubMed, and 54 papers have been included, which were case studies, cross-sectional studies, and in vivo animal studies from 2004 up to 2021. The review aims at explaining the interaction of Tenofovir with kidney tubules, an association of genetic polymorphism, clinical features of Tenofovir-induced renal toxicity, potential mechanisms of Tenofovir-induced renal toxicity, its predisposing conditions and factors, and finally, some proposed strategies and agents to monitor and manage Tenofovir-induced nephrotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130168317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1