Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )最新文献_第2页

Patient Identification Errors in the Hospital Setting: A Prospective Observational Study 医院环境中的病人识别错误:一项前瞻性观察研究

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v4i.95

Ahmed Lateef Alkhaqani

{"title":"Patient Identification Errors in the Hospital Setting: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Ahmed Lateef Alkhaqani","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v4i.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v4i.95","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: In every aspect of clinical care, including diagnostic testing and medication administration, patient identification (ID) errors can disrupt care and harm patients. The study assesses healthcare workers' frequency and accuracy in verifying patient identity before performing common tasks and develops a proposed patient verifying identity program clinical model to meet the training needs of healthcare workers. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Najaf Teaching Hospital from March to May 2022. Data collection was done through a questionnaire and participatory observation. Hundred-forty healthcare workers participated in the study: 52 clinic doctors, 27 registered nurses, 34 information officers, 17 pharmacists, 4 radiologists, and 6 outpatient hospital doctors. Results: The majority of participants (62.1%) were female. The majority of the 40 participants (28.6%) worked in the operating room. Furthermore, the majority of the participants (82.1%) did not ask the patients for their names and dates of birth (DOB). Clinic doctors made up the majority of those who did not complete the identification process (37.1%). Conclusion: More than three-quarters of healthcare workers missed patient identification while performing a task. Although patient identification errors frequently result in serious adverse events that can be avoided with better training, better use of technology may improve the way healthcare workers verify patients' identities.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130741203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Organic Synthesis under Solvent-free Condition (Green Chemistry): A Mini Literature Review 无溶剂条件下的有机合成(绿色化学):小型文献综述

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.94

S. B. Aljuboori, Nedaa Abdulhameed Abdulrahim, Shuhad Yassen, Heba Hashim Khaleel

{"title":"Organic Synthesis under Solvent-free Condition (Green Chemistry): A Mini Literature Review","authors":"S. B. Aljuboori, Nedaa Abdulhameed Abdulrahim, Shuhad Yassen, Heba Hashim Khaleel","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.94","url":null,"abstract":"Solvents are important components in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, and they are increasingly being used in catalytic reactions. Solvents have a significant influence on the kinetics and thermodynamics of reactions, and they can significantly change product selectivity. Solvents can influence product selectivity, conversion rates, and reaction rates. However, solvents have received a lot of attention in the field of green chemistry. This is due to the large amount of solvent that is frequently used in a process or formulation, particularly during the purification steps. However, neither the solvent nor the active ingredient in a formulation is directly responsible for the reaction product's composition. Because these characteristics have little bearing on how well or quickly the system in which the solvent is applied works, it appears unnecessary to use toxic, combustible, or environmentally hazardous solvents. However, the beneficial properties of the solvent required for the application are strongly linked to these unfortunate side effects of solvent use. Distillation can be used to recover and purify solvents because they are volatile; however, this process can produce unwanted air pollutants and be hazardous to workers during exposure.\u0000.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127242760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Liquid, Supersaturable, and Solid Dosage Forms 自纳米乳化药物输送系统:液体、过饱和和固体剂型

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-11 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.91

I. K. Abbas

{"title":"Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Liquid, Supersaturable, and Solid Dosage Forms","authors":"I. K. Abbas","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.91","url":null,"abstract":"A third of recently created drugs have poor water solubility and absorption. Innovative methods, such as self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), are being developed to address issues with pharmaceutical delivery and bioavailability. These systems, which are referred to as isotropic mixtures, are made up of the drug, a suitable oil, a surfactant, and either a co-surfactant or co-solvent. These elements combine to create a \"oil in water (O/W)\" nanoemulsion after being lightly stirred. Colloidal systems, including microemulsions and nanoemulsions, are being used more commonly in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical preparations to encapsulate, protect, and transport lipophilic components. The nanoscale particles used in these kinds of delivery systems have a number of potential benefits, including enhanced long-term stability, enhanced solubility, enhanced optical transparency, and enhanced bioavailability. To create SNEDDS, one can utilize a phase diagram technique or a statistical design of trials. For SNEDDS, switching from a liquid to a solid dose form may have improved stability as well as increased patient compliance. The design and production of SNEDDS and their effects on the bioavailability of several medications are the subject of numerous studies that are included in this review.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122321330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Mechanisms and Management 阿霉素诱导的心脏毒性:机制和管理

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.90

Karmand Salih Hamaamin, T. Aziz

{"title":"Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Mechanisms and Management","authors":"Karmand Salih Hamaamin, T. Aziz","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.90","url":null,"abstract":"Unfortunately, anticancer medications are extremely harmful to normal cells. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly cardiotoxic medication that can result in cardiomyopathy. The most significant mechanism for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is oxidative stress, while other pathways have also been put forth. This review aims to highlight the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the most updated managements. Trustworthy sites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate were used to find the most updated articles. Many titles have been used for searching, such as \"doxorubicin and cardiotoxicity,\" \"cardioprotection,\" and \"cardio-protective effects of phytochemicals.\" Preprints, review articles, and research with meta-analyses were disregarded. Three pathways, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and calcium excess, were responsible for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity may be partially caused by cell death, activation of the ubiquitin-ligase-proteasome system, and changes in its gene expression brought on by DOX. In the instance of DOX cardiotoxicity, medications and nutraceuticals with antioxidants and iron chelating properties have been found to have cardio-protective benefits. In conclusion, doxorubicin-treated cancer patients have been linked to cardiotoxicity, making cardioprotection extremely important in these patients. All of the mechanisms included in this review's discussion might provide light on fresh approaches to the treatment and/or prevention of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117155370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anti-inflammatory Role of Blocking the Renin-angiotensin System: Future Prospective 阻断肾素-血管紧张素系统的抗炎作用:未来展望

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.89

Karmand Salih Hamaamin, N. Mahmood

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Role of Blocking the Renin-angiotensin System: Future Prospective","authors":"Karmand Salih Hamaamin, N. Mahmood","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.89","url":null,"abstract":"The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was thought to be in charge of managing blood pressure and electrolytes. It has been established that angiotensin II is also responsible for controlling inflammation in addition to blood pressure and potassium levels. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensins (1–7), angiotensins (1–9), and other additional RAS components have been identified, and have anti-angiotensin II effects. Both angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are utilized as anti-hypertensive medications and protecting the heart and kidneys, and counteract the part played by Ang II in the initiation of inflammation. This review provides crucial details that help explain how ACEI and ARBs reduce inflammation. Using reliable websites like Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate, the most recent publications were reviewed. Search terms have included \"RAS role of Ang II in inflammation,\" \"influence of ACEI,\" and \"effect of ARBs on PPAR-gamma.\" The data were gathered from controlled clinical trials, in vitro studies, and animal-based studies; preprints, article reviews, and meta-analysis studies were excluded. Both ACEIs and ARBs reduce inflammation via a variety of mechanisms, which explains their cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. They reduce inflammation by modulating an inflammatory pathway through either similar or dissimilar mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"350 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116252570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanotechnology at the Molecular Level 纳米技术在分子水平

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.88

G. A. Nasir, Iman Abbas Khudhair, M. A. Najm, Huda Mahmood

{"title":"Nanotechnology at the Molecular Level","authors":"G. A. Nasir, Iman Abbas Khudhair, M. A. Najm, Huda Mahmood","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.88","url":null,"abstract":"Materials with external dimensions of one or more nanometers are referred to as nanomaterials. These structures result from a number of manufacturing processes. They are used in many industries, including pharmaceuticals, which is the most significant one. Numerous variables, including size, shape, surface morphology, crystallinity, solubility, etc., affect physical properties. While new physical and chemical processes are being created constantly, the biological method is the ideal strategy for synthesizing nanoparticles since it is straightforward, safe, and economical. Different kinds of nanoparticles can be metabolically synthesized by a wide variety of biological sources, including plants, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. There are many biomolecules, including proteins and coenzymes, that can change the metal salts into the necessary nanoparticles. There were numerous techniques for creating RNA nanoparticles. The first tactic makes use of the natural RNA nanoparticles' collection process. The second strategy entails extending the widely used DNA nanotechnology approach to the field of RNA; the third strategy uses computational methods to produce RNA nanoparticles; and the fourth strategy uses preexisting RNA structures or those with known properties as fundamental building blocks in the synthesis of RNA nanoparticles. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the significance of RNA nanotechnology, a novel idea in the field of nanotechnology.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133172408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thymoquinone's Potential Role in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Mini Review 百里醌在癌症化疗中的潜在作用:综述

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.87

N. Mahmood, Karmand Salih Hamaamin

{"title":"Thymoquinone's Potential Role in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Mini Review","authors":"N. Mahmood, Karmand Salih Hamaamin","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.87","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pollution and genetic factors have increased the likelihood of cancer in the developing world. Cancer is now the leading cause of death in young patients. Scientists are focusing on developing new treatments with a lower risk profile than traditional cytotoxic drugs. Nigella sativa (black seed) has been used for centuries by ancient cultures to treat a variety of ailments. Thymoquinone, the main active compound found in Nigella sativa, is a useful therapeutic agent for various morbidities, including cancer. Aim: The review aims to highlight thymoquinone's potential cytotoxic and chemoprotective effects. Methods: The most recent articles were found using reputable websites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate. Many titles, such as thymoquinone, breast cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, osteosarcoma, ovary cancer, and so on, have been used in searches. Then the information from in vitro studies and animal experiments was collected; the preprint, article review, and meta-analysis study were all excluded. Results: Thymoquinone reduced cell viability and induced programmed cell death in breast cancer, colon cancer, leukemia, osteosarcoma, ovary cancer, and colon cancer. TQ causes cytotoxicity through a variety of mechanisms, including the induction of reactive oxygen species and the inhibition of NF-kB activity in some cancers. Conclusion: Thymoquinone is a promising future cytotoxic agent with fewer side effects than traditional cytotoxic agents.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"442 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132906536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacogenomics Driving Precision Cancer Medicine 药物基因组学推动精准癌症医学

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.85

I. Al-Janabi

引用次数: 0

Nanotoxicology: An Integrative Environmental Challenge 纳米毒理学:一个综合的环境挑战

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.80

Dastan salim Hassan, Hemin Jumaa Hasary

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Dietary Supplements Use among College Students in Iraq 伊拉克大学生膳食补充剂的使用情况

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v3i.78

W. Mustafa, S. S. Mohammed, Muntader Mahdi Salih, Zahraa Taha Muhsin, Rasha Mohammed Muhsin

{"title":"Prevalence of Dietary Supplements Use among College Students in Iraq","authors":"W. Mustafa, S. S. Mohammed, Muntader Mahdi Salih, Zahraa Taha Muhsin, Rasha Mohammed Muhsin","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v3i.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v3i.78","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dietary supplements (DS) are products that are intended to be consumed orally and serve the purpose of supplementing one's diet. Although, these products are very popular, their usage among undergraduate students in Iraq is still obscure. Aim: To evaluate the pattern, type, and reasons for supplement usage among Iraqi undergraduate students and to detect the source of information about dietary supplements. Methods: A sample of 442 students at different colleges in Baghdad were surveyed through a questionnaire composed of 13 questions and divided into four sections: socio-demographic, dietary supplement (DS) knowledge, DS intake, and reasons behind their usage. Descriptive statistics were conducted to determine the frequency and percentages of respondents for each variable. Results: A total of 442 participants were included in the study; 160 (36.2%) were males and 282 (63.8%) were females. Out of the total number of the participants, 329 (74%) were dietary supplement users, 139 (42.25%) were males, and 190 (57.75%) were females. Most of the participants (72%) used vit. D3 supplement, and the mean reason for using DS was to overcome nutritional deficiency. Conclusion: Most of the participants are dietary supplement users, with a higher percentage of females. The main reasons for both genders' resorting to dietary supplement use are to improve their health and improve their immunity.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125470036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0