Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )最新文献_第6页

The Role of Polyphenols in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Narrative Review 多酚在阿尔茨海默病治疗中的作用:叙述性综述

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v1i.31

Reem Halim Alattiya, Farah Khalid Tarish, Lina Loai Hashim, S. Hussain

{"title":"The Role of Polyphenols in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Narrative Review","authors":"Reem Halim Alattiya, Farah Khalid Tarish, Lina Loai Hashim, S. Hussain","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v1i.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v1i.31","url":null,"abstract":"Many epidemiological studies have suggested that consuming a diet rich in polyphenols can help prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on well-known in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral Aβ amyloidosis, we examined the data on the effects of various natural polyphenols on the aggregation of amyloid-protein (Aβ). These polyphenols effectively prevent oligomerization and fibril formation of Aβ through differential binding patterns, lowering Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic and neuronal toxicity, according to in vitro investigations. Furthermore, in a transgenic mouse model fed orally with such polyphenolic compounds, soluble Aβ oligomers as well as insoluble Aβ deposits in the brain were significantly reduced. Natural polyphenols exhibit anti-amyloidogenic effects on Aβ, in addition to well-known anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, according to an updated assessment of the literature, implying their potential as therapeutic and/or preventive agents for AD treatment. To prove polyphenols' efficacy as disease-modifying agents, well-designed clinical trials or preventive treatments using various polyphenols are required.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125395603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Nanobodies in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer 纳米抗体在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v1i.34

Ismail Aljanabi

引用次数: 0

New Targets for Drug Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 2型糖尿病药物治疗的新靶点

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v1i.26

S. S. Mohammed, Asmaa Saleem Muhammed, Amina Saleem Muhammed

{"title":"New Targets for Drug Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"S. S. Mohammed, Asmaa Saleem Muhammed, Amina Saleem Muhammed","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v1i.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v1i.26","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing at an alarming rate. With an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of T2DM, various new therapeutic options have been developed and evaluated to bind different key targets in T2DM. The discovery of novel therapies through many approaches such as unprecedented drug combinations, modified drug molecules, and improved delivery systems can nullify some of the undesirable side effects of traditional agents, in addition to enhancing their effectiveness. Newer drug targets such as protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin (SIRT), and others are novel approaches that act via different mechanisms and possibly treating T2DMof distinct variations and etiologies. Other therapies such as end barrier, gene therapy, and stem cell technology utilize advanced techniques to treat T2DM, and the potential of these therapies is still not well explored. Molecular targets in T2DM are also extensively studied as they could target the defects at the molecular level. In this regard, antibody therapies and vaccinations are also developed against T2DM; however, the ongoing clinical trials are scanty, and the developmental progress is slower. There are many therapies designed to cure T2DM, each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. The preference for the treatment plan usually depends on the health status of the patient and the treatment goal. To consider an ideal treatment option, one should worry about many factors. These include patient compliance, drug efficacy and potency, bioavailability, and other pharmacological and non-pharmacological properties among others.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123333262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association and Correlation of Different Chemotherapy Regimens and Doses with Incidence and Severity of Thrombocytopenia among Solid Cancer Patients 不同化疗方案和剂量与实体癌患者血小板减少发生率和严重程度的相关性

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v1i.21

Z. M. Yusoff, Abdulrasool M. Wayyes, M. M. Hareeja, Saif S. Abbas

{"title":"Association and Correlation of Different Chemotherapy Regimens and Doses with Incidence and Severity of Thrombocytopenia among Solid Cancer Patients","authors":"Z. M. Yusoff, Abdulrasool M. Wayyes, M. M. Hareeja, Saif S. Abbas","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v1i.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v1i.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in platelet numbers and is a major detrimental side effect of chemotherapy or of cancer itself. Thrombocytopenia can lead to hemorrhage in vital organs, which is particularly a problematic specifically in solid cancer patients, and has a substantial negative effect on cancer patients’ quality of life (QOL). Thrombocytopenia ranges from mild bleeding from small blood vessels to severe bleeding from large blood vessels. Objectives: The present study aimed to describe the effect of chemotherapy regimens and doses on thrombocytopenia incidence and severity among solid cancer patients with thrombocytopenia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Penang Hospital, a government hospital on Penang island, and included 341 cancer patients with thrombocytopenia who were admitted between 2003 and 2009. The main statistical tests used were the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Of the 341 patients included, 21 (6.2%) had thrombocytopenia before chemotherapy and the remaining 320 (93.8%) developed it after chemotherapy. The majority of patients had moderate thrombocytopenia (n=172; 53.8%), followed by mild (n=97; 30.3%), and severe thrombocytopenia (n=51; 15.9%). FEC, 5-FU+5-FU, Docetaxel and Cisplatin regimen had strong associations and correlation with thrombocytopenia incidence and severity, but the associations and correlations for thrombocytopenia severity were stronger than those for incidence. The dosage of 5-FU, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel and cisplatin plays a critical role in thrombocytopenia incidence and severity. Conclusion: Monitoring and determination of hemoglobin levels for cancer patients treated with FEC, 5-FU+5-FU, Docetaxel, and Cisplatin specifically with high doses must be emphasized and a focus of particular attention.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122240977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of Ondansetron on Blood Pressure during Elective Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia at Baghdad Teaching Hospital 巴格达教学医院腰麻下选择性剖宫产术中昂丹司琼对血压的影响

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v1i.25

Mustafa Adnan Abdalrahman, H. Abbas, I. Salman

{"title":"Effect of Ondansetron on Blood Pressure during Elective Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia at Baghdad Teaching Hospital","authors":"Mustafa Adnan Abdalrahman, H. Abbas, I. Salman","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v1i.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v1i.25","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypotension is a very common consequence of the sympathetic vasomotor block caused by spinal anesthesia for caesarean section. Maternal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and dyspnea frequently accompany severe hypotension, and adverse effects on the fetus, including depressed Apgar scores and umbilical acidosis, have been correlated with severity and duration of hypotension. \u0000Aim: To investigate the effect of Ondansetron use on the prevention of hypotension and the amount of vasopressor needed to control the hypotension after spinal anesthesia. \u0000Methods: This is a prospective double blind, randomized trial carried out in Obstetric Operation room of Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical city, Iraq from November, 2018 to August, 2019. Total number of 128 women assessed for eligibility and only 87 were included and allocated into 2 groups. The Ondansetron group (45 women) received 6 mg Ondansetron IV e min before induction of spinal anesthesia. The Placebo group received 3 ml normal saline as placebo before induction. The number of rescue drugs (vasopressors, antiemetic, anti-shivering), vital signs and side effects were recorded each 3 minutes from baseline to 45th minute. \u0000Results: The incidence of hypotension, nausea, vomiting and the need for vasopressors and metoclopramide were significantly lower in Ondansetron group than placebo group (p = 0.001, 0.02, 0.003, < 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Shivering and the need of pethidine for treating this side effect was non significantly lower in ondansetron group than placebo group. \u0000Conclusions: The preoperative administration of Ondansetron in cesarean section reduces the risk of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension, prevents the nausea and vomiting attacks and decreases the need to vasopressors and metoclopramide. \u0000Keywords: Spinal anesthesia, caesarian section, ondansetron, hypotension","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132777473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Freezing-Thawing Cycles on the Glycemic Index of the Iraqi White Bread after Oral Ingestion 冻融循环对口服伊拉克白面包升糖指数的影响

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v1i.20

Z. Abdulrahman, A. A. Shakir, Gring Kadir Mustafa

{"title":"Influence of Freezing-Thawing Cycles on the Glycemic Index of the Iraqi White Bread after Oral Ingestion","authors":"Z. Abdulrahman, A. A. Shakir, Gring Kadir Mustafa","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v1i.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v1i.20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The quality of bread depends not only on the quality of its ingredients, proper techniques during preparation, and storage also played a role in the rate of staling. Aims: The present study aims to investigate the impact of freezing and thawing on the glycemic response of Iraqi local white bread. Methods: In this prospective cross-over study, twelve healthy subjects (seven males, five females), aged 21–53 years, were recruited from Al-Rafidain University Campus and the local community. After overnight fasting, commercial Iraqi local white bread (200 g) was administered as fresh bread, following 1-week or 2-week freezing and thawing. Peak glucose response, 2 hr incremental area under the glucose response curve (AUC0-120) was evaluated as an outcome. Results: The different freezing and thawing conditions resulted in lower blood glucose AUC values compared to fresh white bread. In particular, compared to the fresh bread (AUC 14176±1134 mg min/dl), AUC was significantly lower when the bread was 1-week frozen and thawed (13205±660 mg min/dl, P<0.01), or 2-week frozen and thawed (12828±642 mg min/dl, P<0.01). Meanwhile, compared to the 1-week frozen bread, the 2-week freezing cycle did not produce a significantly lower AUC value. Conclusion: One or two freezing and thawing cycles decreased the glycemic response of the fresh Iraqi local white bread in healthy non-obese volunteers.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122555708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Glycation End-Products and their Receptors: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targeting in Diabetes Mellitus 糖基化终产物及其受体:糖尿病的病理生理学和治疗靶点

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v1i.23

Hussein Saad Alzadi, N. Mahmood

{"title":"Glycation End-Products and their Receptors: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targeting in Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Hussein Saad Alzadi, N. Mahmood","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v1i.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v1i.23","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) compromises cell metabolism and function in many organs, resulting in increased risks of complications in many organs such as kidney, nervous system, eye, and fragility fractures. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are chemical moieties produced during long-term hyperglycemia; they interact with the specific receptors for AGEs (RAGEs) and make a meaningful contribution to cellular metabolism and/or alteration of their functions. Searches in PubMed using the keywords \"advanced glycation end product \"RAGE\", \"sRAGE\", \"DM\", and \"complications” were made to reveal some of the clinical outcomes of DM in cellular metabolism and organ function through the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. All published experimental and clinical studies were included in tables. The AGE-RAGE signaling is involved in diabetic complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and osteopathy. Some clinical results in diabetic patients could be potentially attributed to AGE-RAGE signaling consequences. However, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway has some helpful roles in many tissues, including an increase in osteogenic function. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE), as a ligand decoy, may increase in either condition of RAGE production or destruction, and then it cannot always reflect the AGE-RAGE signaling. Although various medicines are capable to target the AGE-RAGE axis. They can also limit the associated damaging consequences. Recombinant sRAGE can block the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway; however, it is associated with some limitations such as accessibility to AGEs, increase in other RAGE ligands, and a long half-life (24 hours). It is associated with losing the beneficial effect of AGE/RAGE. As a result, sRAGE is not a helpful marker to assess the activity of the RAGE signaling pathway. The recombinant sRAGE cannot be translated into clinical practice due to its limitations.","PeriodicalId":433524,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 )","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127832408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploiting SARS-CoV-2 Replication Cycle for COVID-19 Therapies 利用SARS-CoV-2复制周期治疗COVID-19

Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN: 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v1i.52

Ismail I. Al-Janabi

引用次数: 0