NTMPub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.1007/s00048-022-00331-0
A. Barahona
{"title":"Radiation Risk in Cold War Mexico: Local and Global Networks","authors":"A. Barahona","doi":"10.1007/s00048-022-00331-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-022-00331-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75292981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NTMPub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2021-09-13DOI: 10.1007/s00048-021-00312-9
Nina Mackert
{"title":"Andrew Mangham 2020: The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy und Elizabeth A. Williams 2020: Appetite and Its Discontents. Science, Medicine, and the Urge to Eat, 1750–1950.","authors":"Nina Mackert","doi":"10.1007/s00048-021-00312-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-021-00312-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8885549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39412764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NTMPub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2022-02-15DOI: 10.1007/s00048-022-00325-y
Livia Prüll
{"title":"Between Stigmatization and Acceptance: Diabetic Patients as Civil Servants in West Germany, 1950-1970.","authors":"Livia Prüll","doi":"10.1007/s00048-022-00325-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-022-00325-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient history has enriched medical history since about the 1980s. But there are still research gaps in certain periods and themes, especially in topics related to the medical history of West Germany. This paper deals with the efforts of patients, lay persons, and medical advisors (diabetologists) to enable diabetics to secure employment as civil servants (Verbeamtung). Attention will be payed to the fact that this success relied on the activities of mediators, who translated and conveyed the patients' interests to society at large. This victory was concordant with similar initiatives in other fields of the diabetic life, including sexuality and lifestyle management. Therefore, efforts to achieve civil servant employment for diabetic patients were constitutive of a broader initiative that changed the image of the disease and promoted the integration of diabetic patients into West German society.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8885506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39801705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NTMPub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1007/s00048-022-00323-0
Fabian Brenker
{"title":"[An Armor-like Orthopaedic Instrument for Stretching Crooked Legs from the Collection of Elector August of Saxony (1526-1586)].","authors":"Fabian Brenker","doi":"10.1007/s00048-022-00323-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-022-00323-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1894, the Germanisches National Museum in Nuremberg acquired an instrument resembling a leg harness. Stiff legs could be bent or stretched with it by means of lateral threads. Judging by the etched decoration, it comes from the collection of Elector August of Saxony (1526-1586). A comparison with contemporary leg harness reveals that the piece was originally made as an orthopaedic instrument. It completed the collection of surgical instruments in Dresden. Presumably, the plate harness was a technological condition for such orthoses and prostheses in many characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39600044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NTMPub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2022-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s00048-022-00324-z
Divya Rama Gopalakrishnan
{"title":"Gomastahs, Peons, Police and Chowdranies: The Role of Indian Subordinate in the Functioning of the Lock Hospitals and the Indian Contagious Diseases Act, 1805 to 1889.","authors":"Divya Rama Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s00048-022-00324-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-022-00324-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent scholarship on the social history of health and medicine in colonial India has moved beyond enclavist or hegemonic aspects of imperial medicine and has rather focused on the role of Indian intermediaries and the fractured nature of colonial hegemony. Drawing inspiration from this scholarship, the article highlights the significance of the Indian subordinates in the lock hospital system in the nineteenth century Madras Presidency. This study focuses on a class of Indian subordinates called the \"gomastah\", who were employed to detect clandestine prostitution in Madras to control the spread of venereal disease. It also underlines the role of other native and non-native subordinates such as Dhais, Chowdranies and Matrons, the ways in which they became indispensable for the smoother operation of the Contagious Diseases Act and the lock hospitals on a day-to-day basis. By emphasising how Indian subordinates were able to bring in caste biases within colonial governmentality, adding another layer to the colonial prejudices and xenophobia against the native population, it underlines the fact that there was not a one-way appropriation or facilitation of the coloniser's knowledge or biases by the colonised intermediaries. Rather, it argues for an interaction between them, and highlights the complexities of caste hierarchies and prejudice within the everyday colonial governmentality. Moreover, the article focuses on the consequent chaos and inherent power struggle between different factions of colonial staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8885511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NTMPub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2022-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s00048-022-00322-1
Vanessa Osganian
{"title":"Competitive Cooperation : Institutional and Social Dimensions of Collaboration in the Alliance of Science Organisations in Germany.","authors":"Vanessa Osganian","doi":"10.1007/s00048-022-00322-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-022-00322-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the institutional and social dimensions of cooperation in the Alliance of Science Organisations, the central corporatist stakeholder in German science policy, in the 1970s and 1980s, which were a crucial period for this committee. In doing so, this essay mainly focuses on the way science organizations interact with each other, as well as with national politics. The Federal Ministry of Research invited the Alliance to regular meetings and thereby fostered its involvement into political decision-making processes. Consequently, the question of who belonged to the Alliance came into the focus of different players. Although the members of the Alliance themselves decided on the composition of their committee, they were not able to completely insulate themselves from external demands. Including new members into the Alliance had a destabilizing effect on the carefully balanced distribution of power within this committee, as will be shown through the case study on the admission of the Association of the Major Research Centers (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Großforschungseinrichtungen, AGF) in 1976. In order to restabilize the situation, the members of the Alliance tried to exclude the AGF from certain issues. At the same time, the AGF itself was keen on being regarded as an equal partner and thus strove for its inclusion. This complex interplay of cooperative and competitive actions finally resulted in the institutionalization of the Alliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8885498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NTMPub Date : 2021-12-01Epub Date: 2021-10-29DOI: 10.1007/s00048-021-00317-4
Hans-Georg Hofer, Volker Roelcke
{"title":"[Subject, Statistics, Science: Epistemological Positionings and Evidence Practices in Clinical Medicine since 1949. : Introduction].","authors":"Hans-Georg Hofer, Volker Roelcke","doi":"10.1007/s00048-021-00317-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-021-00317-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8608766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39662066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NTMPub Date : 2021-12-01Epub Date: 2021-11-11DOI: 10.1007/s00048-021-00319-2
Maike Rotzoll
{"title":"[Clinical \"Experience\" as a Criterion of Evidence? Psychiatric Contributions to a Post-War Debate on a \"Reform of Medicine\" and the Development of Jürg Zutt's \"Understanding Anthropology\"].","authors":"Maike Rotzoll","doi":"10.1007/s00048-021-00319-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-021-00319-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the Wiesbaden Internist Congress of 1949, Alexander Mitscherlich and Viktor von Weizsäcker called for an expansion of the scientific concept of causality to include the search for the meaning of illness in one's personal history. This called into question a traditional psychiatric paradigm which presumed somatic causes of mental illness. Additionally, common psychiatric evidence practices were put to the test. In the first part of this article, three psychiatric positions that were presented at the 1949 congress are reconstructed. In the second part, the development of one of the psychiatrists involved, Jürg Zutt, is examined by focusing on the question of the possible effects of the Wiesbaden debate on his scientific reorientation as well as its consequences for his view of psychiatric evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39718353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}