[优生学与法律之间的联系——第三帝国的“医学法学”评论]。

IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q4 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
NTM Pub Date : 2021-09-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-24 DOI:10.1007/s00048-021-00307-6
Vivian Yurdakul
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在1933年之前,法律评论完全是法律文本,只有法律专业人员撰写和阅读。从1934年开始,来自不同学科的学者,特别是医学科学家,开始撰写法律评论。本文考察了这一发展的原因,并探讨了它如何改变了流派,使用最重要的Blutschutz和Ehegesundheitsgesetz评论的例子,这是由两名医疗专业人员和一名法律专业人员合作产生的。文章认为,聘请非法学作者和相应的方法变化是由法律期刊上关于可能“改革”法学评论的辩论引起的。从国家社会主义政权的角度来看,传统形式的法律流派与第三帝国的法律哲学不相容。在这种新的体裁中,评注不仅涉及法律问题,还涉及其他学科的问题,如医学问题。本文修正了米切尔·g·阿什关于法学和其他学科“纠缠”的理论方法。根据阿什的说法,法律和其他科学成为了“彼此的资源”:法律学者可以声称法律裁决是基于科学事实的,因此是“毋庸置疑的”。受影响的学科也获得了更大的重要性,因为在这一过程中,他们的发现具有法律意义。这种转变也使他们能够为新的研究项目获得资源。此外,本文还考察了这种发展与德国法院内部受众变化之间的联系。不仅评注的作者发生了变化,接受者也发生了变化:1933年以后通过的许多法律引入了新的法庭,使用非专业法官,即没有法律背景的专业人士。这些“专家”来自与新法律相关的多个领域,比如医疗专业人士。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[A Link Between Eugenics and Law-the 'Medical-Juristic' Commentary in the Third Reich].

Before 1933 commentaries on laws were exclusively juristic texts, written and read only by legal professionals. Beginning in 1934, scholars from different disciplines, especially medical scientists, began writing juristic commentaries. The essay examines the reasons for this development and explores how it changed the genre, using the example of the most important commentary on the Blutschutz- and Ehegesundheitsgesetz, which resulted from the collaboration of two medical professionals and a legal professional. The article argues that the recruitment of non-juristic authors and the corresponding methodological changes were caused by a debate on a possible "reform" of juristic commentaries which took place in law journals. From the perspective of the National Socialist regime, the genre in its traditional form was not compatible with the Third Reich's philosophy of law.In this new genre, commentaries not only referred to legal problems, but also dealt with issues from other disciplines, such as medical questions. The essay modifies Mitchell G. Ash's theoretical approach regarding the "entanglement" of jurisprudence and other disciplines. Law and other sciences became, according to Ash, "resources for one another": Legal scholars could claim that legal decisions were based on scientific facts and therefore "unquestionable." The affected disciplines also gained greater importance as a result of this process in which their findings becoming legally relevant. This transformation also enabled them to acquire resources for new research projects.Moreover, the essay examines the connection between this development and the change of audience within German courts. Not only did the authors of the commentaries change, but also the recipients: Many laws passed after 1933 introduced new courts using lay judges, professionals with a non-law background. These "experts" came from multiple fields connecting them to the new law, such as medical professionals.

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来源期刊
NTM
NTM HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
期刊介绍: NTM ist die größte Zeitschrift für Wissenschafts-, Technik- und Medizingeschichte im deutschen Sprachraum. Sie bietet ein internationales Forum für Forschungsbeiträge, Debatten und Rezensionen aus dem Gesamtgebiet der Wissenschafts-, Technik- und Medizingeschichte in allen Epochen und unterschiedlichen Regionen. Wir veröffentlichen innovative Beiträge, die an neuere theoretische und methodische Ansätze und Debatten anknüpfen, neues empirisches Material erschließen oder neue Forschungsfelder eröffnen. Neben der Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, der Technik und der Medizin sind auch Beiträge zur Geschichte der Geistes-, Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften willkommen. NTM erscheint vierteljährlich. Neben dem klassischen, individuellen Forschungsartikel und Buchrezensionen publiziert NTM als weitere Textgattungen das „Forum“, das „Fundstück“ sowie “Essay Reviews”: - Provokative oder auch kontroverse Beiträge stoßen im Forum Debatten und Fragen an, die unser Feld kommend prägen werden. - Das Fundstück erschließt vergessene Objekt-, Bild- oder Schriftquellen von hoher historischer Relevanz. - Essay Reviews bieten entlang von Literaturbesprechungen einen kritischen Überblick über ein entstehendes Forschungsfeld. - Außerdem erscheinen Themenhefte (4-6 Artikel) sowie Special Sections (3-4 Artikel), die ein neues Forschungsfeld abstecken bzw. dessen Potential exemplarisch aufzeigen. NTM wird seit 2018 von der Gesellschaft für die Geschichte der Wissenschaften, der Medizin, und der Technik (GWMT) herausgegeben (www.gwmt.de). Zuvor war NTM das wissenschaftliche Organ der DGGMNT (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin, Naturwissenschaft en und Technik e. V.). Die Zeitschrift hat eine lange Tradition und wurde 1960 von Gerhard Harig und Alexander Mette in Leipzig gegründet. • Doppelt anonymes Begutachtungsverfahren • Mischung aus unterschiedlichen Textgattungen (Artikel, Fundstück, Forum, Essay Reviews, Rezensionen) • Publikationssprachen: Deutsch, Englisch und Französisch • Volltext-Zugriff fu¨r alle Institutionen des DEAL Konsortiums ab 2020. Weitere Informationen zu DEAL unter https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/institutional-agreements/oaforgermany-de NTM is the largest and most comprehensive journal for history of science, technology, and medicine in the German-speaking world. It offers an international forum for research articles, debates and reviews in the entire field of history of science, technology, and medicine in all epochs and various regions. The journal focuses on innovative theoretical and methodological approaches and discussions which make new empirical material or areas of research accessible. Contributions to the history of science, technology, and medicine, but also to the history of the social sciences and the humanities are welcome. NTM appears four times a year. Aside from classic individual research articles and book reviews, NTM publishes as additional text genres the “Forum”, the “Lost & Found”, and also “Essay Reviews”: - In the Forum, provocative or controversial contributions encourage debates and questions, that are set to shape the future of our field. - Lost & Found aims at exploring forgotten objects and other sources of great historical relevance. - Essay Reviews provide a critical overview of emerging research fields along literature reviews. - Moreover, NTM publishes Special Issues (4 – 6 articles) as well as Special Sections (3-4 articles), are aiming at defining new research fields or demonstrating their potential. NTM has been published under the auspices of the „Gesellschaft für die Geschichte der Wissenschaften, der Medizin, und der Technik (GWMT)”, (www.gwmt.de) since 2008. Before, NTM used to be the scientific body of the DGGMNT (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin, Naturwissenschaft en und Technik e. V.). The journal has a long tradition and was founded in 1960 by Gerhard Harig and Alexander Mette in Leipzig. • Double-blind peer review process • Mixture of different text genres (articles, lost & found, forum, essay reviews, reviews) • Papers are accepted for publication in German, English, and French • Open access to the full-text version under country-specific conditions Bibliographie N.T.M. Zuerst erschienen 1960 / first published in 1960 Namensänderung ab 1.1.2008 / renamed in 2008 1 Volumen pro Jahr, 4 Hefte pro Volumen / 1 vol. per year, 4 issues per volume ca. 500 Seiten pro Volumen / 500 pages per volume Format: 15.5 x 23.5 cm ISSN 0036-6978 (print) ISSN 1420-9144 (electronic)
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