Vaccine: X最新文献

{"title":"One-month evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine (Bio-TCV®) in Indonesian subjects 6 months to 45 years: A phase III randomized clinical trial","authors":"Bernie Endyarni Medise ,&nbsp;I. Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani ,&nbsp;Dominicus Husada ,&nbsp;Rini Sekartini ,&nbsp;Hartono Gunardi ,&nbsp;Angga Wirahmadi ,&nbsp;Dwiyanti Puspitasari ,&nbsp;Leny Kartina ,&nbsp;I. Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha Adnyana ,&nbsp;I. Gusti Lanang Sidiartha ,&nbsp;I. Made Dwi Lingga Utama ,&nbsp;I. Ketut Agus Somia ,&nbsp;Iris Rengganis ,&nbsp;Sukamto Koesnoe ,&nbsp;Hindra Irawan Satari ,&nbsp;Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko ,&nbsp;Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro ,&nbsp;Ismoedijanto Ismoedijanto ,&nbsp;Parwati Setiono Basuki ,&nbsp;Gatot Soegiarto ,&nbsp;Sushant Sahastrabuddhe","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Typhoid fever typically affects children and young adults and is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is the most effective preventive strategy to control typhoid fever in the short to medium term. However, in most endemic countries do not have a typhoid vaccine that is suitable for children below 2 years old.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a randomized, observer blinded phase III trial using Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine and an already WHO licensed prequalified (PQed) typhoid conjugate vaccine (Typbar TCV) as control. About 936 healthy subjects were recruited and divided into 3 age groups: infants group aged 6–24 months, children group aged 2–11 years, adolescents and adults group aged 12–45 years, and followed up till 28 days post vaccination. Blood sample was taken at pre-vaccination and at 28th day post vaccination to evaluate immunogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most common immediate local reaction was pain in all age groups, followed by redness. The most common immediate systemic reaction in the infant group was irritability while in the adults and children group was muscle pain. The intensity of reactions was mostly mild and moderate. Severe reactions were in the form of pain and fever. Reactions mostly resolved within 48 h. Seroconversion at 28 days in the Vi-DT group was higher in both adults and children compared to the PQed typhoid conjugate vaccine, Typbar-TCV (<em>p</em> = 1.000; <em>p</em> = 0.250), respectively. The Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) in the Vi-DT group was higher in adults (<em>p</em> = 0134), whereas the PQed typhoid conjugate vaccine Typbar-TCV demonstrated a higher GMT in children and infants (<em>p</em> = 0.277; <em>p</em> = 0.884), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine (Bio-TCV®) is safe and immunogenic in subjects 6 months to 45 years old.</div><div>Clinical trial registration number.</div><div><span><span>NCT04051268</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, registration date: 09/08/2019.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal influenza vaccination: Overcoming immunosenescence with enhanced vaccines","authors":"Wendy Boivin ,&nbsp;Mark Loeb ,&nbsp;Peter Openshaw ,&nbsp;Mansoor Ashraf ,&nbsp;Graham Pawelec","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Risks are increased in older adults aged 50–64 and ≥ 65 years. They are further exacerbated in those with age-related comorbidities. Immunosenescence (strictly defined here as detrimental age-related decline in the function of some or all parts of the immune system) is associated with increased susceptibility to influenza infection and more severe disease, a process that begins at approximately 50 years of age. Age-associated chronic low-level inflammation (inflammaging) may also increase influenza risk and is associated with more serious disease but may also enhance responses to high-dose vaccines in older adults. The frequency of comorbidities also increases with age. Frail older adults are at highest risk of influenza complications, but adults with high-risk comorbidities also show improved immune responses to enhanced influenza vaccines (high-dose, adjuvanted, recombinant). Moreover, clinical studies with some enhanced influenza vaccines show improved immunogenicity and greater efficacy or effectiveness, not only for persons aged ≥65 years but also in those aged 50–64 years. Reduced immunogenicity in persons aged 50–64 years may be even greater in those with comorbidities who would specifically benefit from receiving enhanced vaccines. Thus, accelerated immunosenescence, inflammaging, and chronic disease may place some adults aged 50–64 years at high risk of influenza, justifying meeting an unmet need in vaccination with enhanced vaccines normally used in persons ≥65 years of age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent vaccine introductions scoping review: A decade of insights from low- and middle-income countries (2013−2023)","authors":"Arman Majidulla ,&nbsp;Amelia K. Gerste ,&nbsp;Anurima Baidya ,&nbsp;Onimitein Georgewill ,&nbsp;Kirthini K. Muralidharan ,&nbsp;Degu J. Dare ,&nbsp;Joeri S. Buis ,&nbsp;Michelle M. Gill ,&nbsp;Julie A. Denison ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Kerkhoff ,&nbsp;Rupali J. Limaye","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescents benefit from vaccines before infection – such as HPV – but parental consent and frequent social interactions complicate their introductions. We conducted a scoping review of the literature (2013 to 2023) on adolescent vaccine introduction efforts in low- and middle-income countries to examine lessons learned.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Following the PRISMA guideline, we searched four databases, screened abstracts and reviewed full text articles for inclusion. We included English full text articles which provided insights based on primary data collection into vaccine introductions for adolescents over the past ten years (i.e., 2013 onwards). We further searched the citations of included articles. We coded included articles for key characteristics and analyzed for thematic commonalities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-six studies met our inclusion criteria, and the findings clustered across three distinct phases of new vaccine introduction: planning, implementation/delivery, and post-implementation/delivery. During the planning phase, the early engagement of stakeholders – particularly ministries of health and education - was critical for coordination and readiness. During implementation, school-based delivery was the most common approach, often supplemented by community outreach and mop-up activities to reach out-of-school adolescents. Opt-out consent was used as a strategy in some contexts in keeping with existing adolescent vaccine protocols. Vaccine rumors and conspiracy needed to be actively managed in some contexts. Post-introduction, health systems impacts were generally minimal and temporary, although human resource constraints and cold-chain gaps emerged in some settings. Several countries reported positive spillover effects, such as strengthened collaboration between health and education sectors, expanded adolescent health promotion, and investments in vaccine infrastructure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adolescent vaccine introductions required multisectoral collaboration, flexible delivery models, and proactive community engagement. Future vaccine introductions would benefit from early stakeholder coordination and attention to context-specific delivery and consent strategies to ensure that vaccines are accepted, accessible, and equitably delivered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants after COVID-19 vaccination and boosters","authors":"Kabita Adhikari,&nbsp;Subhash C. Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SARS-CoV-2 virus emerges into new variants as it circulates in human hosts, creating a persistent public health concern due to mutations in the spike protein that enhance viral transmissibility and diminish vaccine-induced immunity. Assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in eliciting a robust neutralizing antibody response against various SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for shaping vaccination strategies and guiding future vaccine development. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the neutralization capacity of pooled serum samples collected from individuals who received the initial two-dose COVID-19 vaccination series followed by booster doses. We utilized the plaque reduction neutralization assay to test the serum samples against major SARS-CoV-2 variants, including WA1, Delta, Omicron, and its subvariants. Our analysis revealed that the neutralization efficacy of sera from individuals with the initial two-dose vaccination series was significantly diminished against Omicron variants. However, homologous booster doses substantially increased neutralizing antibody responses, demonstrating enhanced efficacy against newer SARS-CoV-2 variants. These findings emphasize the importance of booster vaccinations in maintaining strong immune protection against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants and highlight the need for continued monitoring of vaccine efficacy in response to emerging variants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, long-term effectiveness, and immunogenicity of varicella vaccination in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with biologic therapy","authors":"Maša Bizjak ,&nbsp;Jakob Peterlin ,&nbsp;Tadej Avčin ,&nbsp;Miroslav Petrovec ,&nbsp;Alojz Ihan ,&nbsp;Mojca Zajc Avramovič ,&nbsp;Gašper Markelj ,&nbsp;Tina Vesel Tajnšek ,&nbsp;Veronika Osterman ,&nbsp;Jerneja Ahčan ,&nbsp;Helena Mole ,&nbsp;Katja Dejak Gornik ,&nbsp;Alenka Biteznik ,&nbsp;Sara Jevnikar ,&nbsp;Larisa Janžič ,&nbsp;Miha Bajc ,&nbsp;Andreja Nataša Kopitar ,&nbsp;Nataša Toplak","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate safety, long-term effectiveness and immunogenicity of varicella vaccination in children with JIA, treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a prospective case-control study. VZV-naive patients with JIA on selected bDMARDs (TNFi, IL-6 and IL-1 inhibitors), who were at risk for contracting varicella, had stable disease and normal values of immunoglobulins and lymphocyte populations, were vaccinated against varicella. Adverse events (AEs) and disease activity were followed after vaccination. VZV-specific humoral (VZV-IgG) and cell-mediated immunity (VZV-CMI) were measured at predetermined time points after vaccination by Liaison and intracellular cytokine staining, respectively. Two healthy control (HC) groups comprised 52 healthy children after varicella vaccination and 69 healthy children after varicella infection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>17 patients were vaccinated against varicella (12 on TNFi, 4 on IL-6 inhibitors and 1 on IL-1 inhibitor), of whom 14 patients received both the first and second dose on bDMARDs. No vaccine-strain infections or other serious AEs occurred after vaccination. Disease activity increased in 3/17 (18 %) patients following vaccination. Four out of 17 (24 %) patients developed mild breakthrough varicella (BV) 4 months-4.5 years after vaccination, and none of the HC. Fourteen out of 17 (82 %) patients and 50/52 (96 %) vaccinated HC were seropositive after second vaccination and 8/11 (72 %) patients and 42/43 (98 %) vaccinated HC developed VZV-CMI, which persisted longer compared to VZV-IgG. Patients presented lower antibody levels compared to HC. The rate of VZV-IgG decline was comparable between patients and HC after vaccination or infection. Five patients received the third vaccine dose due to primary or secondary vaccine failure, and none of them developed BV.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Varicella vaccination was safe and largely immunogenic in our cohort of JIA patients treated with bDMARDs. Although the vaccination was not always fully effective, it prevented severe disease in all vaccinated patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern approaches to predicting vaccine hesitancy: A scoping review","authors":"Keshav Gandhi ,&nbsp;Sami Alahmadi ,&nbsp;Rosie Hanneke ,&nbsp;Alexander Gutfraind","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Motivated by the disproportionate burden of infectious diseases on vulnerable populations and the risk of future pandemics, we conducted a scoping review to analyze the state of the literature about “vaccine uptake indices,” defined as models that predict vaccination rates by geospatial area. We analyzed novel vaccine uptake indices created in response to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this scoping review is to survey the state of the literature regarding vaccine uptake indices relating to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We followed Arksey and O’Malley's scoping review framework and reported results according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches used controlled vocabulary and keywords across four conceptual domains: quantitative indices, geospatial analysis, infectious disease (COVID-19), and vaccination or vulnerability outcomes. Our systematic search strategy identifies relevant articles from the databases Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science with title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Database searches resulted in 3615 potential articles, of which 229 reports were included. Fifteen studies (7 %) were determined to be methodologically advanced vaccine uptake indices that had at least three of the following characteristics: the use of individual- and population-level predictor variables (100 [44 %]), geo-spatiotemporal analysis (58 [25 %]), data usage agnostic to vaccine specificity (50 [22 %]), or sociobehavioral frameworks of health (such as the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior) (30 [13 %]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This scoping review offers suggestions for future research of next-generation vaccine uptake indices before use in vaccination campaigns of recurring or novel infectious diseases. Areas to pursue include utilizing individual-level data about vaccination behaviors in conjunction with administrative data, solving the challenge of implementing small-area spatiotemporal analysis, using vaccine-agnostic methods that consider data from more than one infectious disease, and assisting causal inference with theoretical frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV vaccination: How does HPV vaccination in boys contribute to the prevention of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers?","authors":"Christian Tague,&nbsp;Ekouo Joshua,&nbsp;Hermann Yokolo,&nbsp;Dujardin Makeda,&nbsp;Jones Onesime,&nbsp;Styves Banga,&nbsp;Alimasi Kashafali,&nbsp;Aymar Akilimali","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenic potential of biogenic vs. synthetic selenium nanoparticles in vaccine candidate against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Alireza Ranjbariyan ,&nbsp;Setareh Haghighat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Yazdi ,&nbsp;Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli ,&nbsp;Hedieh Moradi Tabriz ,&nbsp;Mehdi Mahdavi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MRSA-related antimicrobial-resistant infections are a significant public health issue. Vaccination can prevent infection by inducing pathogen immunity. The surface-associated protein autolysin is a promising vaccination candidate. This study investigated the immunogenicity and MRSA protection of a recombinant R-autolysin vaccination with SeNPs and aluminum adjuvants. R-autolysin was expressed and purified using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Synthetic and biogenic SeNPs are prepared from selenium dioxide and <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy assessed SeNP shape and size. Balb/c mice received three subcutaneous vaccination injections with aluminum adjuvants and SeNPs over two weeks. ELISA measured cytokines and antibodies to determine the immunological response. Opsonophagocytosis tests, internal organ bacterial load, and experimental group survival rates assessed the vaccine's efficacy. Additionally, pathobiological changes were compared among the groups to determine any differences in response. The study demonstrated that mice immunized with SeNPs and r-autolysin produced more IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies and cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12, and IL-4, than the control group. The immunized mice had higher survival rates and lower internal organ bacterial burdens than the control group. The results indicate that SeNPs and r-autolysin improved the immune response and protected against MRSA infection. Biogenically and synthetically generated SeNPs improve immune response and reduce mouse mortality. Notably, synthetic SeNPs stimulated humoral immunity more than biogenic SeNPs, which stimulated cellular immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial determinants of HPV vaccination initiation and intention among Central American immigrant parents in the United States","authors":"Ana Cristina Lindsay ,&nbsp;Denisse Delgado ,&nbsp;Virginia Arango Moreno ,&nbsp;Doris Lucero ,&nbsp;Axel Hernandez Nieto ,&nbsp;Nachalie Rodriguez-Cruz ,&nbsp;Qun Le","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This cross-sectional study explored psychosocial factors influencing HPV vaccine initiation and intentions among Central American parents in the United States (U.S.). Only 20 % of children had initiated vaccination, and 23 % of parents of unvaccinated children intended to vaccinate within 12 months. Parents whose children had initiated vaccination had significantly higher HPV knowledge (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), perceived susceptibility (<em>p</em> = 0.001), vaccine beliefs (<em>p</em> = 0.004), self-efficacy (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and social support (Community OR = 40.95, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; Peer OR = 88.50, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Healthcare provider (HCP) recommendations were more common among parents whose children had initiated vaccination (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and reported fewer access barriers (OR = 16.30, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Factors associated with vaccine initiation included maternal gender (OR = 2.55, <em>p</em> = 0.02), HPV knowledge (OR = 159.83, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), perceived benefits (OR = 45.03, p &lt; 0.001), and community support (OR = 40.95, p &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, U.S.-born children (AOR = 11.11, <em>p</em> = 0.03) and higher perceived vaccine accessibility (AOR = 150.05, <em>p</em> = 0.01) were significant predictors of vaccine initiation. In bivariate analysis, factors associated with vaccine intention included maternal gender (OR = 2.82, <em>p</em> = 0.02), parental age (OR = 0.95, p = 0.02), U.S. residency length (OR = 0.95, p = 0.02), acculturation (OR = 7.48, p = 0.02), peer norms (OR = 3.74, p = 0.02), lower safety concerns (<em>p</em> = 0.04), higher self-efficacy (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and HCP recommendation (OR = 13.64, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, HCP recommendation was the main predictor of vaccine intention (AOR = 11.66, <em>p</em> = 0.002). This study identified key psychosocial factors influencing HPV vaccine initiation and intentions among Central American parents. Interventions should focus on enhancing HPV knowledge, addressing safety concerns, strengthening support, and promoting tailored recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the impact of training tools on healthcare workers for PCV introduction in Maharashtra, India during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Syed Quadri ,&nbsp;Pravin Vedpathak ,&nbsp;Puskarr Deshmukkh ,&nbsp;Arup Deb Roy ,&nbsp;Abida Sultana ,&nbsp;Amanjot Kaur ,&nbsp;Rashmi Mehra ,&nbsp;Rhythm Hora ,&nbsp;Shyam Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Seema Singh Koshal","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) is a costly vaccine and poor and vulnerable communities can't afford it in private sector. The Indian government introduced the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine into the Universal Immunization during the peak COVID time in Maharashtra in the lockdown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of training tools used to introduce PCV in Maharashtra, India by conducting vi training during the COVID restrictions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed-methods approach was employed to assess the effectiveness of training tools and the perceptions of healthcare workers. Quantitative data was collected through structured questionnaires, and qualitative data was gathered through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. This study was conducted in four blocks of two districts viz. Pune and Nashik in the state of Maharashtra.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that training tools, particularly animated videos, were highly effective in conveying information and enhancing the understanding. Healthcare workers appreciated the clear content, visual appeal, and practical application of the training materials. The videos were instrumental in promoting vaccine awareness and addressing community concerns. The training tools also significantly improved the skills and confidence of healthcare workers from both districts, enabling them to effectively implement the rollout of PCV. They were able to address challenges, such as parental hesitancy and COVID-19 restrictions, and successfully mobilize the community for vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, the study highlights the importance of well-designed training programs and effective training tools particularly animated videos in ensuring the successful implementation of PCV. The findings provide valuable insights for future new vaccine introduction initiatives, emphasizing the need for development of comprehensive training packages, innovative strategies such as animated videos, use of digital tools for training and continuous evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}