Vaccine: X最新文献

{"title":"Immunogenic potential of biogenic vs. synthetic selenium nanoparticles in vaccine candidate against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Alireza Ranjbariyan ,&nbsp;Setareh Haghighat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Yazdi ,&nbsp;Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli ,&nbsp;Hedieh Moradi Tabriz ,&nbsp;Mehdi Mahdavi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MRSA-related antimicrobial-resistant infections are a significant public health issue. Vaccination can prevent infection by inducing pathogen immunity. The surface-associated protein autolysin is a promising vaccination candidate. This study investigated the immunogenicity and MRSA protection of a recombinant R-autolysin vaccination with SeNPs and aluminum adjuvants. R-autolysin was expressed and purified using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Synthetic and biogenic SeNPs are prepared from selenium dioxide and <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy assessed SeNP shape and size. Balb/c mice received three subcutaneous vaccination injections with aluminum adjuvants and SeNPs over two weeks. ELISA measured cytokines and antibodies to determine the immunological response. Opsonophagocytosis tests, internal organ bacterial load, and experimental group survival rates assessed the vaccine's efficacy. Additionally, pathobiological changes were compared among the groups to determine any differences in response. The study demonstrated that mice immunized with SeNPs and r-autolysin produced more IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies and cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12, and IL-4, than the control group. The immunized mice had higher survival rates and lower internal organ bacterial burdens than the control group. The results indicate that SeNPs and r-autolysin improved the immune response and protected against MRSA infection. Biogenically and synthetically generated SeNPs improve immune response and reduce mouse mortality. Notably, synthetic SeNPs stimulated humoral immunity more than biogenic SeNPs, which stimulated cellular immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial determinants of HPV vaccination initiation and intention among Central American immigrant parents in the United States","authors":"Ana Cristina Lindsay ,&nbsp;Denisse Delgado ,&nbsp;Virginia Arango Moreno ,&nbsp;Doris Lucero ,&nbsp;Axel Hernandez Nieto ,&nbsp;Nachalie Rodriguez-Cruz ,&nbsp;Qun Le","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This cross-sectional study explored psychosocial factors influencing HPV vaccine initiation and intentions among Central American parents in the United States (U.S.). Only 20 % of children had initiated vaccination, and 23 % of parents of unvaccinated children intended to vaccinate within 12 months. Parents whose children had initiated vaccination had significantly higher HPV knowledge (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), perceived susceptibility (<em>p</em> = 0.001), vaccine beliefs (<em>p</em> = 0.004), self-efficacy (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and social support (Community OR = 40.95, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; Peer OR = 88.50, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Healthcare provider (HCP) recommendations were more common among parents whose children had initiated vaccination (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and reported fewer access barriers (OR = 16.30, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Factors associated with vaccine initiation included maternal gender (OR = 2.55, <em>p</em> = 0.02), HPV knowledge (OR = 159.83, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), perceived benefits (OR = 45.03, p &lt; 0.001), and community support (OR = 40.95, p &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, U.S.-born children (AOR = 11.11, <em>p</em> = 0.03) and higher perceived vaccine accessibility (AOR = 150.05, <em>p</em> = 0.01) were significant predictors of vaccine initiation. In bivariate analysis, factors associated with vaccine intention included maternal gender (OR = 2.82, <em>p</em> = 0.02), parental age (OR = 0.95, p = 0.02), U.S. residency length (OR = 0.95, p = 0.02), acculturation (OR = 7.48, p = 0.02), peer norms (OR = 3.74, p = 0.02), lower safety concerns (<em>p</em> = 0.04), higher self-efficacy (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and HCP recommendation (OR = 13.64, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, HCP recommendation was the main predictor of vaccine intention (AOR = 11.66, <em>p</em> = 0.002). This study identified key psychosocial factors influencing HPV vaccine initiation and intentions among Central American parents. Interventions should focus on enhancing HPV knowledge, addressing safety concerns, strengthening support, and promoting tailored recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the impact of training tools on healthcare workers for PCV introduction in Maharashtra, India during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Syed Quadri ,&nbsp;Pravin Vedpathak ,&nbsp;Puskarr Deshmukkh ,&nbsp;Arup Deb Roy ,&nbsp;Abida Sultana ,&nbsp;Amanjot Kaur ,&nbsp;Rashmi Mehra ,&nbsp;Rhythm Hora ,&nbsp;Shyam Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Seema Singh Koshal","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) is a costly vaccine and poor and vulnerable communities can't afford it in private sector. The Indian government introduced the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine into the Universal Immunization during the peak COVID time in Maharashtra in the lockdown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of training tools used to introduce PCV in Maharashtra, India by conducting vi training during the COVID restrictions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed-methods approach was employed to assess the effectiveness of training tools and the perceptions of healthcare workers. Quantitative data was collected through structured questionnaires, and qualitative data was gathered through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. This study was conducted in four blocks of two districts viz. Pune and Nashik in the state of Maharashtra.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that training tools, particularly animated videos, were highly effective in conveying information and enhancing the understanding. Healthcare workers appreciated the clear content, visual appeal, and practical application of the training materials. The videos were instrumental in promoting vaccine awareness and addressing community concerns. The training tools also significantly improved the skills and confidence of healthcare workers from both districts, enabling them to effectively implement the rollout of PCV. They were able to address challenges, such as parental hesitancy and COVID-19 restrictions, and successfully mobilize the community for vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, the study highlights the importance of well-designed training programs and effective training tools particularly animated videos in ensuring the successful implementation of PCV. The findings provide valuable insights for future new vaccine introduction initiatives, emphasizing the need for development of comprehensive training packages, innovative strategies such as animated videos, use of digital tools for training and continuous evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced safety surveillance of the adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus vaccine among Italian older adults","authors":"Alexander Domnich ,&nbsp;Andrea Orsi ,&nbsp;Piero Luigi Lai ,&nbsp;Elvira Massaro ,&nbsp;Carlo-Simone Trombetta ,&nbsp;Julieta Pastorino ,&nbsp;Charlott Roihl ,&nbsp;Sara Tardito ,&nbsp;Marianna Pianta ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Icardi ,&nbsp;Donatella Panatto","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An adjuvanted vaccine to prevent lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults has recently become available. Post-authorization safety studies (PASSs) conducted under real-world conditions complement data obtained from clinical trials characterized by stringent eligibility criteria. The aim of this PASS study was to evaluate reactogenicity and safety of the novel RSVPreF3 OA, which is currently not included in the Italian immunization schedule. In 2024, adult individuals aged ≥60 years were invited to get vaccinated with a single dose of RSVPreF3 OA. Following vaccination, they were instructed to fill in a diary on the occurrence, grade and duration of local and systemic adverse events (AEs) during the first week post-vaccination. They were also encouraged to notify any other events occurring at any time post-vaccination. The exposure set included 453 adults. Of these, 398 individuals returned valid diaries. At least one solicited AE (generally lasted 1–3 days) was reported by 70.6 % (95 % CI: 65.9–75.0 %) of vaccinees. Injection-site pain was the far most prevalent (60.1 %; 95 % CI: 55.1–64.9 %) solicited AE. Among systemic AEs, malaise/fatigue, headache, arthralgia and myalgia occurred in &gt;10 % of vaccinees, while fever was rare (0.3 %; 95 % CI: 0–1.4 %). Grade 3 severe AEs were registered in 3.5 % (95 % CI: 1.9–5.8 %) of vaccinees. Older age was associated with a lower likelihood of reporting AEs. During a median follow-up of 211 days, no unsolicited serious AEs were registered. This PASS study confirmed an acceptable safety and reactogenicity profiles of RSVPreF3 OA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural and Social Drivers of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination (BeSD IN) in Jordan","authors":"Ayman Bani Mousa ,&nbsp;Nizar Maswadi ,&nbsp;Zaid Al-Hamdan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alhawarat ,&nbsp;Lora Al Sawalha ,&nbsp;Raid Anwar Al-Shboul ,&nbsp;Feras Ibrahim Hawari","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cultural norms and social beliefs play a significant role in shaping attitudes toward vaccination. The Jordanian Ministry of Health, with the support of international health organizations, has launched several initiatives to improve influenza vaccination coverage. However, challenges persist, particularly among certain demographic groups, making it essential to understand the underlying knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes influencing vaccination decisions. This study aims to explore these factors through a large-scale survey conducted among healthcare workers, pregnant women, and elderly people in Jordan.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was designed to identify social and behavioral drivers (BeSD) of influenza vaccination among three key target groups in Jordan: healthcare workers, pregnant women, and the elderly. A convenience sample comprising 1,500 participants was recruited from the three target groups. The sample randomly selected from the three regions in Jordan, Data were collected through interviews conducted by trained and qualified research assistants.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The study revealed that 82.9 % of participants were aware of the influenza vaccine, with healthcare workers showing the highest awareness at 95 %, followed by pregnant women at 76 %, and the elderly at 70 %. Despite high awareness, only 45.6 % of respondents had been vaccinated in the past two years. Healthcare workers had the highest vaccination rates (65 %), while pregnant women (30 %) and the elderly (25 %) exhibited lower rates, primarily due to concerns about vaccine safety and accessibility challenges. Misconceptions were common, with 30 % of participants believing the flu vaccine causes influenza, and 25 % doubting its efficacy. These misconceptions were more prevalent among the elderly and rural populations. Access and affordability were significant barriers, particularly for the elderly, with many reporting difficulties in traveling to vaccination centres and lacking insurance coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To improve influenza vaccination rates, targeted public health campaigns should be conducted to correct misconceptions, especially among the elderly and pregnant women. Possible plans of action for improving uptake rates are improving accessibility by organizing mobile clinics, offering subsidized vaccines, and giving healthcare providers the necessary training to combat hesitancy among the general population. Further research needs to be undertaken to develop strategies for reassuring the public that vaccinations are safe and effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in China: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Peng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Xia Xu ,&nbsp;Deyong Tan ,&nbsp;Ledong Xiao ,&nbsp;Chengling Liao ,&nbsp;Huan Xia ,&nbsp;Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Zou ,&nbsp;Xuan Chen ,&nbsp;Man Li ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Honghao Zhou ,&nbsp;Qing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It is crucial to understand how antibodies are generated after the individual has been infected or vaccinated to control the COVID-19 pandemic and develop future vaccination strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM was assessed in 348 plasma samples in the current study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 IgG level of mild/moderate infections was higher than that of asymptomatic infections. Strong correlations were found between the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and the geometric mean neutralizing titers (GMTs), detected using pseudotyped neutralization assay, against BA.4/5 (<em>r</em> = 0.776, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) or XBB.1.5 (<em>r</em> = 0.329, <em>p</em> = 0.004), while SARS-CoV-2 IgM showed a weaker correlation with BA.4/5 (<em>r</em> = 0.247, <em>p</em> = 0.030). The GMTs against BA.4/5 were higher in mild/moderate infections than in asymptomatic infections. Moreover, we found that the convalescent patients with vaccination had higher antibody responses than the convalescent patients without vaccination. The XBB.1.5 variant, however, was able to escape the immune response induced by BA.5 breakthrough infection and vaccination. To ensure the population maintains a sufficient level of protective antibodies, it might be required to periodically enhance immune responses by administering antigens obtained from the circulating variants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It is highly essential to optimize vaccination protocols in practice settings and develop future vaccines that offer a broader spectrum of protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening national immunization program governance: Recent reforms and achievements of the Korean Expert Committee on Immunization Practices (KECIP)","authors":"So-Yeon Kim ,&nbsp;Hang Jin Jeong ,&nbsp;Hanseul Ko ,&nbsp;Seunghyun Lewis Kwon ,&nbsp;Dongwoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination as a rare potential etiology for cause of death after medicolegal autopsy. A Finnish nationwide study.","authors":"Lasse Pakanen ,&nbsp;Tuomo Nieminen ,&nbsp;Paula Kuvaja ,&nbsp;Hanna Nohynek ,&nbsp;Sirkka Goebeler ,&nbsp;Miia Artama ,&nbsp;Petteri Hovi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>COVID-19 vaccinations began globally at the end of 2020. By the end of 2021, 9.8 million doses were given in Finland. Regarding safety, most vaccine-related adverse reactions have been mild, but severe and lethal ones have also occurred. Autopsies in post vaccination deaths may give insight to the extent of fatal health conditions with potential COVID-19 vaccine etiology and provide new hypotheses of possible causalities between vaccination and severe health conditions. We searched the complete documentation on all medicolegal autopsies in Finland between December 2020 and December 2021 to assess how often the indication for autopsy was a suspected fatal adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccination, and whether vaccination remained a potential etiology for any health condition determined as a cause of death after the autopsy. We linked register-based data on individual COVID-19 vaccination course and pre-existing health conditions. We found 428 autopsy cases with a mention of COVID-19 vaccination, and prior to autopsy, vaccination was suspected to play a part in 76 deaths. Post autopsy, a forensic pathologist considered vaccination to be potentially related to underlying cause of death in five and contributory cause of death in seven autopsy cases. These included seven thromboembolisms, two diabetic ketoacidoses, one myocarditis, one acute pancreatitis, and one eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In relation to the number of vaccinations within Finland, medicolegal autopsies were rarely performed because of a possible vaccine-related severe adverse reaction. Among the autopsies performed for such reasons, only a few considered a vaccine-related severe adverse reaction as a cause of death, although considerable doubt remains in the accuracy of individual considerations, and autopsy cannot definitively confirm causality between vaccination and death. Regarding vaccination safety, continuing evaluation of suspected vaccine-related deaths is essential, and autopsy should be considered in cases of death where vaccine etiology is possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting age-appropriate adults' vaccine hesitancy to the herpes zoster vaccine in Ningbo, China: A latent profile analysis","authors":"Jianmei Wang ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Mei ,&nbsp;Shaoying Zhou ,&nbsp;Tianchi Yang ,&nbsp;Mengqian Lyu ,&nbsp;Yueyi Feng ,&nbsp;Zhaya Wang ,&nbsp;Lili Hu ,&nbsp;Bingqian Huang ,&nbsp;Rui Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abstract</div><div>This study aims to clarify the profiles of the psychological antecedents to the herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) among age-appropriate adults in Ningbo. A multistage stratified sampling method was employed to take samples We performed a face-to-face questionnaire survey among adults aged 40 years and older in late 2023. Participants were asked to report demographics, knowledge of HZV, the modified 5C vaccine hesitancy scale, and HZV uptake intention. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized to evaluate the modified 5C scale's validation, and latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct profiles. A total of 2100 participants were investigated, and 2025 valid cases were kept for further analysis. The CFA showed good reliability and validity for the modified 5C scale. The findings indicated three profiles: “skeptics” (24.15 %; high complacency, constraint), “believers” (38.67 %; high confidence, calculation, collective responsibility), and “free riders” (37.19 %; median confidence, calculation, collective responsibility, high complacency, constraint). Compared to believers, skeptics and free riders were older, more likely to reside in urban and suburban areas, lacked Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance, and knew less about vaccine-related knowledge. From the highest to the lowest on vaccination intention were believers, then free riders, and finally skeptics under four distinct scenarios (recommendations from HCWs, from friends and family, from the media and internet, and HZV is free of charge). Based on 5C psychological antecedents, we identified two other profiles in addition to believers. This research may help build tailored immunization strategies to lessen vaccine hesitancy and increase willingness to receive HZV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in New Zealand, 2022","authors":"Nayyereh Aminisani ,&nbsp;Q. Sue Huang ,&nbsp;Lauren Jelley ,&nbsp;Timothy Wood ,&nbsp;Tineke Jennings ,&nbsp;Danielle Currin ,&nbsp;Ruth Seeds ,&nbsp;Maritza Marull ,&nbsp;Amanda Kvalsvig ,&nbsp;Michael G. Baker ,&nbsp;Nhung Nghiem ,&nbsp;Paul G. Thomas ,&nbsp;Richard J. Webby ,&nbsp;The SHIVERS investigation team","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studying the transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 and its driving factors is valuable due to the ongoing emergence of new variants. We examined the household transmission characteristics of the Omicron-dominant variant.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study took place in Wellington, New Zealand, from 7-February to 2-October 2022. When an individual had a confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2, all household members were instructed to take a swab every 3rd day until two consecutive negative swabs were obtained from the last person with SARS-CoV-2. Participants were monitored daily for acute respiratory symptoms until no further symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We enrolled 75 households with confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 (total enrolled individuals = 306). The median serial interval was 4 days, and the secondary attack rate (SAR) was 60.6 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 54.1–66.7). The SAR was higher for older household contacts and lower for contacts of fully vaccinated index cases. The SAR was highest when both the index case and the contacts were unvaccinated or received only one vaccine dose (88 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this household cohort, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant showed a high SAR which was modifiable by vaccination; the vaccination status of the index case and household members significantly reduced this.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}